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STATE OF NEW YORK

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

1914

DIVISIONS OF LANDS AND FORESTS AND FISH AND GAME

LIBRARY

ALBANY

J. B. LYON COMPANY. PRINTERS

1915

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

1914

Albany, N. Y., January 15, 1915

Hon. Edward Schoeneck, Lieutenant Governor:

Hon. Thaddeus C. Sweet, Speaker of the Assembly:

Gentlemen. — Herewith in accordance with law we transmit
to the Legislature our Fourth Annual Report.

Eespectfully yours,

CONSERVATION^ COMMISSION
By ALBERT E. HOYT

Secretary to the Commission

STATE OF NEW YORK

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

George E. Va^ Kennen, Ogdensbiirg'

John D. Moore, New York Y Commissioners

Patrick E. McCabe, Albanv

James J. Fox, Brooklyn Deputy Com^missioner

Albert E. Hoyt, Albany Secretary to Commission

John J, Farrell, Troy Assistant Secretary

EiCHARD W. Sherman, Utica Chief Engineer

Matthew H. Hoover, Lockport Chief of Publication

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

1914

TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 15, 1915

OUTLINE OF TOPICS DISCUSSED

PAGE

Conservation Virtually Self-Suppobting 10

The Conservation Commission for the past fiscal year turned into the
State Treasury $381,000. The commercial value of the product of State
fish hatcheries and game farm was $215,000. Total, $596,000; total
departmental expenditures, $640,000.

I THINGS ACHIEVED

Propagation of Fish and Game 11

The average annual output of State fish hatcheries, 1911-14, was 821,420,-
366; in 1907-10 it was 428,187,476.

Fighting Forest Fires 12

A chain of mountain observation stations, equipped with telephone,
detects fires at their inception. There are 51 of these stations, two and
one-half times as many as prior to 1911, when the Conservation Commis-
sion was created. New Jersey, inadequately equipped with mountain sta-
tions, had 200,000' acres, a tenth of its protected forest area, burned
last fall.

Use of Oil Burning Locomotives Required 15

Order of 1909 reaffirmed by the Public Service Commission last March.

Preventable Fires 16

Hundreds of forest fires caused by carelessness of smokers, fishermen,
campers and hunters each year.

Conservation in Holy Writ 16

New York's Forest Domain : Forest Reproduction IT

Trees planted on State land for the past four years number about
one and one-half times the total so planted for eight years prior to
1911. Trees supplied for reforestation of private lands 1911-'14,
10,000,000, about four times the total supplied for that purpose in all the
years prior to 1911. Young trees now in State nurseries, 32,900,000.
of which 10,000,000 are available for 1915 planting.

Cuba Reservoir 18

Trespass on State Land 18

Less than $200 worth of timber was removed by trespass in 1914.
Determined enforcement of the law and its penalties has made deliberate
theft of forest timber practically a thing of the past.

Protection of Fish and Game 19

The protective field force successfully prosecuted 2,296 out of a total
of 2,604 cases in 1914.

Additional Protection 20

Schedule of orders granted by the Commission under section 152 of
the Conservation Law for additional protection of fish and game in
various counties and localities.

Hunting Accidents 22

Oyster Culture, Sanitary Inspection, Etc.. 22

Migratory Bird Law 23

Apportionment of Water Supply 24

Tabular exhibit of the work of the Commission in equitably appor-
tioning the State's water supply resources among the inhabitants thereof.

[7]

8 Annual Repoet of the Conservation Commission

PAGE

Union Water Distbict Projects 27

Stream Surveys 27

Supervision over Docks and Dams 27

Tabular exhibit of 49 dams for which plans and specifications were
approved by the Commission, 1914. Of five dams which failed during the
year, four were built before the creation of this Commission ; the other one
failed through lack of precaution to protect it against high water during
construction.

II THINGS TO BE ACHIEVED
New York's Water Power Resources 32

Approximately 1,000,000 h.p. developed and 1,500,000 h. p. undeveloped
within the State.

Stream Regulation 34

Sub-topics : Public Health, Safety and Welfare, page 37 ; Benefit to
Mill Owner From Increase of Power, page 38 ; Cost to be Borne by the
State and the Owner, page 39 ; Power of Eminent Domain Involved, page
40 ; Undeveloped Powers, Owned and Controlled by the State, page 41.

Utilization of Forests 43

Selective cutting and sale of ripe timber, without injury to the forests,
will yield to the State ?1,000,000 a year..

A Tripartite Department 44

Three divisions, each charged with duties relating to lands and forests,
fish and game, or inland waters. The great problems of conservation are
indissolubly interrelated ; the forests and the waters depend the one
upon the other, and the fish and game upon both.

Memorandum bt Commissioner McCabe on Water Power Resources

AND Development 46

Report of Conservation Bureau, Attorney-General's Opfice 53

Puring the year 109 cases were disposed of, 65 of which involved title
to lands in the Forest Preserve.

Financial Statement 58

Showing in detail the receipts and expenditures of the Commission for
the past fiscal year.

State of New York

:N'o. 22

IN ASSEMBLY

January 18, 1915

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

To the Legislature:

The near approach of a convention to revise the Constitution
of the State must focus attention upon the major problems of
conservation as never before.

The trend of legislation, not only at the session of 1915, but
for years to come, will largely be determined by the debates of the
Constitutional Convention and the popular discussions incident
thereto.

Twenty-one years have elapsed since last the State of l^&vr
York undertook a general revision of its organic law. Boys who
were in the cradle then, are voters now. Ideas which were in
their infancy then, are in their maturity now ; on the other hand
policies then considered wise, are now abandoned and forgotten.
At the present juncture in the world's affairs, twenty-one years
is a long time, and during such a period great changes occur in
circumstance, in condition and in popular thought. Nowhere has
this been more manifest than in the conservation movement; and
nowhere is there greater opportunity for wise modification of

[»]

:2:

10 Fourth Annual Eeport of the

the fundamental law than in relation to certain of the phases
thereof.

At the same time, there are many aspects of conservation
wherein the policy of the State is well defined and established;
such, for example, as the protection and reproduction of the
forests, and the protection and propagation of fish and game.
The difficulties met in dealing with these phases of conservation
are the everyday problems, first of finding the necessary money,
and second, of using it with good judgment guided by the light
of experience. The drawbacks along these lines are such as per-
tain to the whole State government. The calls upon the State for
increased governmental activities are recurrent and numerous;
but the people demand strict economy, and insist that the State
must live within its means. To reconcile these conflicting de-
mands is a problem requiring wise statesmanship; but it is not
peculiar to the field of conservation.

Conservation Virtually Self-Supporting

While the production of revenue is not the major purpose of
the conservation movement, nevertheless the Conservation Com-
mission collects large sums which go to aid the public treasury.
For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, the total receipts
of this Commission turned into the State Treasury amounted to
$381,116.86, This is a record, our total receipts for 1913 having
been $316,407.87; for 1912, $256,002.84, and for 1911,
$258,226.65.

A conservative computation of the commercial value of the out-
put of the fish hatcheries and the game farm, including brood
stock, for the last fiscal year, would add $215,454.62 thereto.

In other words, the Conservation Commission produced last
year direct revenues of $381,000 plus an indirect value of $215,-
000, making a total in money or its equivalent of $596,000, as
against a total departmental expenditure for all purposes of
$640,000. Judged by the tests which would be applied to a private
business, conservation virtually supports itself.

Conservation Commission 11

I. THINGS ACHIEVED

Conservationists may congratulate themselves that some things
are settled, and settled right.

Everybody to-day believes that the State's remaining wild life
should be conserved, through the establishment of close seasons
find the emplo}Tnent of an adequate protective force. Some may
hold that there should be a longer open season for this species or
a shorter open season for that, but upon the broad general prin-
ciple of thorough and efficient protection of fish and game public
sentiment is a unit and the policy of the State is not subject to
change.

Propagation of Fish and Game

So too as to propagation of fish and game. The State is com-
mitted to the policy of establishing and operating sufficient fish
hatcheries to restock its waters. In this line of endeavor New
York is far ahead of any of the sister states ; and within the past
two years the Legislature has made appropriation for the exten-
sion thereof through the purchase and equipment of two new
hatcheries. This Commission since its creation in 1911 has made
every effort to increase the number and species of aquatic animals
propagated from the various State hatcheries, and has on the aver-
age made a much greater distribution than ever before, reaching
the maximum in 1913, when the total number distributed was
1,287,255,120. During the last fiscal year, with materially re-
duced funds for maintenance, but with additional hatchery
activities imperatively required, we were able to propagate and
distribute 566,543,016 fish.

Of the 1,287,255,120 hatchery output for 1913, 520,000,000
were edible blue crab fry. The year in quettion (1913) is the
only one in which this species has been at all extensively propa-
gated. In 1908 there was an output of 4,500,000 blue crab fry
and 6,000 adults; in 1910, 56,000,000 fry and 7,500 adults; in
1912, 2,000 adults. The hatchery output for 1914 (566,543,016)
was about five or six-sevenths of the normal output for the past
four years.

The run of blue crabs is extremely variable; in 1913 it was
phenomenal, while in 1914 it was not as great as usual.

12 Fourth Annual Kepobt oe the

The following tabular comparison shows the output of the State
fish hatcheries for the four-year period beginning with 1911, and
the four-year period immediately prior thereto:

Total output from State hatcheries:

1911 701,448,394

1912 730,434,933

1913 1,287,255,120

1914 566,543,016

Average output per annum, four years, 1911-1914 821,420,366

1907 250,656,600

1908 394,520,106

1909 530,277,221

1910 537,295,975

Average output per annum, four years, 1907-1910 428,187,476

The ^ate game fann established some years ago in Chenango
county has been remarkably successful. During the past fi^scal
year there were distributed therefrom 2,949 pheasants and 31,096
pheasant eggs. The Legislature of 1914 provided for the pur-
chase and equipment of two new game farms, one to be located in
Jefferson county, and one on Long Island. Land has been se-
cured for the Jefferson county farm, and it will be in operation
in the near future. For the proposed Long Island game farm
the Commission has selected a tract of 139 acres in the town of
Brookhaven, considered to be well adapted to the purpose. The
Long Island game farm will, it is expected, be in operation by
spring.

Fighting Forest Fires
Equally well established is the policy of the State in protecting
its forests from fire and against trespass, or theft of timber. N^ew
York today protects against fire some 7,270,000 acres, of which
the State owns 1,820,000. The system of fire protection now in
operation in this State is thoroughly modern and effective. The
installation of a chain of mountain observation stations, each hav-

Conservation Commission 13

ing its watchman, equipped with telephone, has largely solved the
problem. By detecting forest fires at their inception and com-
municating with the source of danger it is possible to overcome
them before great loss can occur.

In 1914 the total number of mountain obsen^ation stations is 51
In 1910 the total number of mountain observation stations

was 20

Increase in installation, 1911-1914, is 31

Damage caused
by forest fires

Acres burned

Cost of
extinguishing

$864,082

464,189

$153,763 95

802,135

368,072

189,661 51

51,445

54,796

43,203 20

1 ;■ . . 1

In other words, there are two and one-half times as many
mountain observation stations installed today as there were four
years ago. Of these 51 mountain stations, 49 were operated dur-
ing the 1914 fire season.

The State has recently experienced three severe forest fire years,
1903, 1908 and 1913. The present up-to-date system of fighting
forest fires was not installed until after the year 1908 ; there-
fore, the following table of comparison is germane as well as
instructive :

1903
1908
1913

During the past year the total area burned by forest fires
was 13,837 acres; total damage, $14,905; cost to extinguish,
$13,978.18; total number of fires of all kinds, 413.

The question the mountain observation station must answer is,
Does it detect fires in time to avert damage or greatly lessen it?
In the light of experience, the answer must be affirmative. The
system is no longer an experiment. It has stood the test; it has
proved its worth.

The total number of fires reported in 1908 was 605; in 1913,
688. All fires discovered, no matter how small, were required to
be reported in 1913; some small fires which burned less than an
acre were not reported in 1908. There were more fires in 1913
than in 1908. There were seven-eighths as many railroad fires in
1913 as in 1908 — 78 as against 89. In the 89 railroad fires in
1908, the average acreage burned was 1,601 acres; average

14

Fourth Annual Report of the

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CONSEEVATION COMMISSION 15

damage, $3,802. In the 78 railroad fires in 1913, the average
acreage burned was three acres; average damage, $7. Oil-burning
locomotives, which were not in use in 1908, were used on about a
quarter of the mileage in the fire towns in 1913. The reduction
in total area burned, from 368,072 acres in 1908 to 54,796 acres
in 1913; from an average area per fire of 608 acres to 79 acres;
from a total damage of $802,135 to $51,445; from an average
damage per fire of $1,326 to $75; from a total cost to extinguish
of $189,661 to $43,203; from an average cost per fire of $313 to
$63; from a percentage of protected area burned of four and two-
fifths per cent, to seven-tenths of one per cent.; from a cost per
acre for protection of two and one-fifth cents to one and two-fifths
cents — all this must largely be attributed to the improved methods
of preventing and detecting forest fires employed in 1913, but not
in use in 1908.

The mountain observation system is now in use by the United
States government, in several of the States, and in Canada. Of
the important States, New Jersey alone lacks a full equipment of
mountain stations. New Jersey last fall suffered the destruction
by fire of 200,000 acres — one tenth of its protected forest area.

Use of Oil-Burning Locomotives Required

In March last, the New York Central and Hudson River Rail-
road Company petitioned the Public Service Commission for relief
from an order made by that Commission on April 1, 1909, which
required the use of oil-burning locomotives on day trains operated
during the fire season upon the Adirondack lines. This petition
was based upon grounds of economy, the railroad company alleging
that to burn oil in its locomotives involved an increased expendi-
ture per annum of about $90,000 ; furthermore, it was asserted
that an improved type of coal-burning locomotive, perfected since
1909, could safely be relied upon to prevent the escape of sparks,
coals, and cinders.

The granting of this application was strongly opposed by the
Conservation Commission, with the co-operation of the Association
for the Protection of the Adirondacks, the Empire State Forest
Products Association, the International Paper Company, and
others. It was demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Public
Service Commission that in view of the disastrous results of rail-
road fires in the past, the public interests involved were too vast

Number
of fires

Acres
burned

Value of
property
destroyed

224

7,539

$9,910

120

15,683

6,962

64

398

1,805

14

432

217

16 Fourth Annual Eeport of the

to permit of experiment, and that the preservation of the forests
was of far greater moment than economy in railroad operation.
The application was therefore denied.

Preventable Fires

Statistics for the year 1913 are pertinent as indicating the dam-
age done by preventable fires:

Fires caused by

Smokers

Fishermen

Campers

Hunters

The figures vary from year to year, but the proportion remains
relatively the same. No statute, no order or regTilation by a com-
mission, can guard the forests against wanton carelessness; no
vigilance of forest ranger or mountain observer can undo the
mischief, once done.

Of all men, the camper, the hunter, or the fisherman, should
be the last to put the great " popular playground " in jeopardy
through preventable fires.

Conservation in Holt Writ

Among the judgments which the Lord commanded Moses to
set before the chosen people, in the wilderness, was the following
(Exodus xxii, 6) :

" If fire breah: out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks
of com, or the standing com, or the field, be consumed there-
with, he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution."

New York's Forest Domain

Of the 1,820,000 acres of land owned by the State, and located
chiefly in the Adirondack and Catskill Parks, about 769,139
acres were acquired by purchase, and the remainder chiefly by
tax sales or by the direct appropriation thereof. Of the State's
land holdings, about 70,000 acres are virgin forest; about 1,430,-
000 acres are cutover lands with commercially valuable tree

Conservation Commission 17

growth; about 200,000 acres are lands under water, while the
remaining 120,000 acres are waste and denuded lands.

Twenty million dollars would be a conservative estimate of the
commercial value of New York's Forest Preserve.

Forest Reproduction

In order to conserve this vast forest domain for future 'genera-
tions to enjoy, the Conservation Commission has sought not only
to reforest the waste and denuded lands owned by the State itself
but to aid and encourage reforestation of privately owned lands
adjacent thereto.

The advancement made in reforestation in this State during
the period since the creation of the Conservation Commission, in
1911, may fairly be compared with the two four-year periods
next preceding that year, as follows:

1903-6 1907-10 19n-'14

Trees planted on State

lands 577,955 1,341,205 2,636,650

Trees supplied for pri-
vate planting ]^one 2,712,750 10,480,843

Trees given to State

institutions None 17,350 2,263,775

In less than four years the Conservation Commission has
planted on denuded State lands about one and one-half times the
total planted for eight years prior to its creation. Moreover,
during the same period this Commission has supplied for the re-
forestation of private lands some 10,000,000 young forest trees,
about four times the number furnished for that purpose in all the
years prior to 1911.

During the past year the total number of trees planted
on State land was 1,094,150; trees given to State institutions,
908,025 ; trees sold to private owners, 2,609,863.

There are today in our State tree nurseries 32,900,000 young
trees, of which 10,000,000 are available for 1915 planting.

In regard to all this, the State policy is beyond peradventure
settled ; no one objects to the State's " going into the tree busi-
ness " ; not even the most pronounced individualist finds it too

18 Fourth Annual Report of the

paternalistic or socialistic for the State to supply trees at cost to
private owners and free of charge to State institutions.

During the past year the State has bought 1,711 acres of
forest land. This purchase was an inheritance due to the final
perfecting of title to tracts contracted for by our predecessors.
The purchase of forest lands is today suspended, through lack
of funds available therefor.

Cuba Reservoir

The Legislature, in 1913, committed to this department the
administration of the Cuba Lake Reservoir in Allegany county,
formerly a part of the canal system of the State. This commis-
sion has instituted a system of leasing lands adjacent to the reser-
voir for use as summer homes and for agricultural purposes and
has received from the lessees a total of $2,642.20, of which
$2,141.20 was received and turned into the State Treasury during
the fiscal year covered by this report. It is our plan next spring
to plant trees and make other betterments to this property which
will not only improve its appearance but enhance its value.

Trespass on State Land

The great betterment of conditions as to trespass on State land
and timber thievery cannot be more clearly shown than through
tabular comparison covering the years just preceding, and the
years subsequent to the creation of the Conservation Commission
in 1911:

1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914

This unprecedented showing of removal by trespassers of less
than two hundred dollars' worth of timber last year has not oc-
curred by chance. It has been brought about by determined en-
forcement of the law and insistence on penalties. Today it may

Trespass cases
reported

Computed value
of material

Average damage
per case

83

$39,063 07

$470 64

104

20,054 29

192 82

46

1,499 20

32 59

27

502 23

18 60

16

2,008 25

125 51

14

157 42

11 24

E,-.' . _■: — r:: 1 — ■;

Conservation Commission 19

fairly be said that deliberate theft of State timber is a thing of
the past. Practically all trespasses now arise through honest
dispute over boundary lines. The day has gone by, let us hope
never to return, when private interests could make comfortable
arrangements with the State permitting them to cut off all the
valuable timber on condition that they should leave the State in
undisturbed possession of the denuded lands and the privilege of
paying taxes and upkeep thereon.

A decision but lately made by the Court of Appeals in the
famous Santa Clara land case, which had been in litigation for
a decade, establishes the principle persistently asserted by this
Commission, that the State cannot be divested of title to its forest
lands save through the courts only; that no public official can
stipulate or barter or give away the State's rights of ownership
therein. This momentous decision should never be weakened,
cheapened or surrendered through official complaisance or popular
indifference or forgetfulness of the past.

Protection of Fish and Game

By chapter 312 of the Laws of 1912, a codification of the fish,
and game laws prepared by this Commission, the game protective
force of the State was materially enlarged and strengthened. The
total number of game protectors thereby provided was 125, an
increase of thirty. Last year the Conservation Law was further
amended so as to give twenty more game protectors, but the
Legislature failed to make appropriation for the new men.

The reorganization made by this Commission has divided the
State into twelve protective divisions, the protectors in each dis-
trict to report to a division chief and he in turn, through the Chief
Game Protector, to the Commission. One hundred regular game
protectors and five fisheries protectors constitute the field force.
While inadequate to police such a State as New York against
violators of the Conservation Law, the protective field force has
rendered efficient service, as shown by the following comparative
figures :

1911 1912 1913 1914

Cases prosecuted by protectors 1485 1695 2622 2604

Successful prosecutions 1321 1499 2333 2296

20 Fourth Annual Eeport of the

It may be argued that number of arrests made by a game pro-
tector is not the ideal test of efficiency; in other words, that the
desideratum is a condition wherein there would be no arrests,
because none would be necessary. It may be argued, too, that
" a little brief authority " sometimes makes men unreasonable
and even tyrannical and that in given instances a game protector
may have used his power arbitrarily, oppressively, or even cor-
ruptly.

Nevertheless, in this year of grace it will scarcely be maintained
that if there were no arrests, it would mean that there were no
lawbreakers; and the figures show so close an approximation of
convictions to arrests as to disprove any allegation, if such there
be, of extensive abuse of power by the game protectors. A jury
may refuse to convict where an officer feels constrained to arrest.

Additional Protection

Among the new powers vested in the Conservation Commission
by the Laws of 1912 was that of gTanting additional protection,
beyond that given by the Conservation Law, to any species of fish
or game, whenever disease, danger of extermination, or other
like cause, may warrant such precautionary measures. The Com-
mission has been frequently called upon to exercise this authority
and by reason thereof has held numerous public hearings through-
out the State which have demonstrated widespread popular inter-
est in the problems of conservation.

At the present time (January, 1915) the following additional
protection orders are in force and during the periods stated and
in the localities severally named all taking is prohibited as to the
species named :

Conservation Commission

21

SPECIES

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Pheasants

Ruffed grouse

Black, gray and fox

squirrels

Cotton tail rabbits . . .

Black bass

Black bass

Black bass

Pike and pike-perch. .

Bass, pike, pickerel,
perch and bullheads.

County

Herkimer. . . .

Otsego

Delaware. . . .
Chenango . . .

Oneida

Montgomery

Lewis

Washington.

Warren

Schenectady .
St. Lawrence
Franklin . . . .

Clinton

Essex

Allegany . . . .
Cattaraugus .
Chautauqua .

Tioga

Genesee

Genesee

Richmond . . .

Lake Erie and Niagara river.

Schroon and Paradox lakes .

All waters in the towns of
Chester, Horicon and
Johnsburg, Warren Co . . .

Butterfield Lake, Jefferson
County

Grass Lake, towns of Alex-
andria and Rossie, coun-
ties of St. Lawrence and
Jefferson

Period

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Two years

Oct. 1 to Nov. 14,
and Jan. 1 to
Jan. 31

June 16 to June
30

June 16 to July
15

June 16 to July
15

Tip-ups pro-
hibited

Taking through
the ice pro-
hibited

Expire

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

Oct. 1

1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1916
1915
1915
1915
1915
1916

Oct. 1, 1916

In force un-
til revoked

In force un-
til revoked

June 15,1917

June 15,1917
Jan. 1. 1917

Jan. 1, 1917

22 Fourth Annual Report of the

Hunting Accidents

During the 1914 deer season, there were but five deer hunting
accidents, three of which were fatal. Not one of these victims,
so far as any evidence shows, was mistaken for a deer. Two
killed were so mistaken in 1913, out of total hunting fatalities of
nineteen that year. Seventeen minor hunting accidents occurred
in 1914 in the pursuit of small game. The State of New York
issues every year more than 200,000 licenses to hunt and pursue
game and so far no law has been devised which limits or can
limit the use of firearms to those who by experience, temperament
and sobriety are at all times fit to use them, without peril to
themselves and others. Taking these facts into account, this
year's record as to hunting accidents might easily be worse. Nor
is there reason to doubt that the so-called " buck law " has proved
a conservator of human life and has averted many a tragedy of
the North Woods.

Oyster Culture, Sanitary Inspection, Etc.

This Commission is charged by law with specific duties of bac-
teriological inspection of shellfish grounds; but adequate per-
formance thereof is impossible because of failure to make the
needful appropriation therefor. By working with the oyster-
growers and co-operating with them in securing, so far as may
be, the elimination of sewage and other imwholesome conditions,
and by collaborating with the public health departments of State
and nation, we have been able to accomplish results alike for the
oyster industry and the consumer. But we respectfully request
the Legislature either to give us funds for bacteriological examina-
tions, or, if such examinations are deemed unnecessary, to amend
the law and do away with a situation unfair alike to the public,
to this Commission, and to the oyster-growers, whereby we stand
charged with grave responsibilities relative to the public health
while denied the means requisite for the discharge thereof. The
ultimate cost of such examinations, we may add, is imposed by
statute upon the oyster industry and not upon the State.

The Conserv^ation Commission through its Bureau of Marine
Fisheries is engaged in making a systematic canvass among the

Conservation Commission 23

oyster-growers to determine the number of men, number of boats,
and amount of money engaged in the oyster industry in the State
of New York. These facts, which will soon be collated, will be
of great value for departmental purposes and will serve as a basis
for constructive legislation.

An enormous and unprecedented set of young oysters on public
lands at this time promises to yield a great revenue to the " free
baymen." It is the duty of the Conservation Commission to
safeguard the right of these " free baymen," as well as of the
growers who have leased lands from the State.

We renew our recommendation previously made for the repeal
of the archaic and conflicting legislative enactments, dating from
1866 to 1910, whereby certain towns in Long Island have been
given the right to lease lands under water within the town limits.
Practically all the Atlantic and GuK states have done away with
local regulation and established the principle of concentrated con-
trol by the State of the leasing of oyster lands. New York should
not lag behind the sister states in this important matter.

The balance sheet of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries for the
past fiscal year makes a good showing. Its receipts exceed those
of 1913 by $6,403.89, and during the year 3,834.2 acres of oyster
land have been leased, an increase over 1913 of 1,638.6 acres.

Migratory Bird Law
We again urge that the State law and the federal regulations
relative to migratory birds be made consistent with one another.
Efforts to this end unfortunately failed in the closing hours of
the last Legislature. Steps since taken by the United States
authorities have measurably improved the situation, but there still
remains conflict in certain particulars. This should not be. It
needlessly confuses the law-abiding and affords a pretext to the
lawless. The principle of federal protection to migratory birds
is sound and undebatable and is everywhere accepted by true
conservationists. The differences between the State law and the
federal regulations are neither many nor difficult to reconcile.

24 Fourth Annual Report of the

Apportionment of Water Supply

During the past year, increased activity in waterworks con-
struction has resulted in a large number of applications to this
Commission for approval of water supply projects. Frequent
complaints as to rates and service, both of waterworks corpora-
tions and of municipalities, have continued to evince a popular de-
mand for State supervision and regulation thereof.

One hundred sewerage and drainage projects, having received
the approval of the State Department of Health, were submitted
to this Commission for approval, the great majority whereof have
been decided favorably.

The work of the Conservation Commission in equitably appor-
tioning the State's water supply resources among the inhabitants
thereof is briefly indicated by the table hereto annexed:

CoisrsERVATio:x Commission

25

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Conservation Commission 27

Union Water District Projects

Acting under the provisions of chapter 233 of the Conservation
Law, the cities of Cohoes and Watervliet, together with the vil-
lage of Green Island and the town of Waterford, on June 23,
1913, organized the Charlton Union Water District, Thereupon
the Commission through its chief engineer caused careful ex-
aminations and surveys to be made, and designed a gravity water
supply system with filtration, together with maps, plans and esti-
mates for a complete water supply, and on June 15, 1914, made
its report to the Charlton Union Water District. The Commis-
sion is convinced that the best interests of the municipalities in-
corporated in the Charlton Union Water District would be sub-
served, as to their public water supply, by the carrying out of the
Charlton Union Water District project. We believe that the pro-
visions of the Conservation Law for Union Water Districts will
be of very great value when its features are more generally under-
stood.

Stream Surveys

Power surveys have been made on the Saranac river, the
Eaquette river and the Schoharie creek, and partly as to the
St. Eegis river. It is intended to make a separate pamphlet re-
port, on the lines of the Oswegatchie report published last year,
as to each of these important streams, and also to include the same
information in the bound annual reports of the Commission.

Supervision Over Docks and Dams

By an amendment to section 22 of the Conservation Law
enacted in 1914, all the docks of the State, excepting those form-
ing a part of the canal system and those under the jurisdiction of
a dock department in cities of the first class, have been placed
under the jurisdiction of the Commission. The necessity for this
law became apparent when a dock at Eagle Park on Grand Island
in the ITiagara river failed, resulting in the drowning of a large
number of persons. As the Legislature neglected to make appro-
priation for carrying out the provisions of the amended law as to
docks, the Commission has been able to do but little in this direc-
tion.

28 Fourth Annual Repokt of the

The past year has been one of marked activity in the construc-
tion of dams. Plans and specifications for the construction or re-
construction of forty-nine such structures have been approved by
the Commission. In a number of instances, before approval was
granted, the Commission required changes in the plans and speci-
fications submitted. The dams for which plans and specifications
have been approved, with the date of approval, serial and location
nunibers, name of watershed, name of locality, name of owner and
purpose of construction are as follows:

Co^fSERVATioN Commission

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Conservation Commission 31

During the year improvements of twenty-four dams, by means
of repairs, changes and alterations, have been required by the
Commission. In the past twelve months only five dams have
failed. Seventeen failed in 1913; twenty-two failed in 1912.
Four of the dams which failed in the past year were built before
the formation of the Conservation Commission. The remaining
dam failed before completion, for the reason that precautions
taken to protect it against high water during construction were in-
adequate. As soon as practicable, examination was made to as-
certain the underlying cause of each failure and to obtain first-
hand information which would avert similar casualties hereafter.

It is the purpose of the Commission to inspect and record the
lcK3ation and characteristics of every dam in the State, under its
jurisdiction. The reports, when returned, are carefully examined
and steps taken to correct any defect or weakness.

11. THINGS TO BE ACHIEVED

Thus far, in some detail, we have discussed the things achieved ;
the settled policies ; the features of conservation upon which there
is concord of opinion.

There remain to be discussed the things to be achieved; those
great unsettled conservation problems as to which public opinion
is still in the formative stage. These relate to conservation, de-
velopment and utilization of water resources and the utilization
of forest products.

Shall the Forest Preserve be " forever kept as wild forest
lands ? " or, shall the State permit selective cutting and sale of
mature timber?

What shall the State do with the surplus waters of its canals ?
What shall we do with our million and a half of potential horse
power, now undeveloped and unused?

Shall it be the good old policy of laissez faire? The flood of
many a March has raced to the sea with ruin in its wake; the
drouth of many an August has brought its sure heritage of indus-
trial paralysis. But we are used to all this, and so were our
fathers before us ; why not our children, too ?

32 Fourth Annual Report of the

The part which investigation could plav in this drama has
been played. All phases of the problem have been exhaus-
tively investigated. Once that stage is reached, investigation
means inaction and discussion means delay. The servant who
buried his talent in the ground probably appointed a joint com-
mittee to investigate and report on the best way to utilize talents.

Precisely as the way to resume specie payment " was to re-
sume," just so the way to stop wasting an energy equal to the
annual consumption of 15,000,000 tons of coal is — to stop wast-
ing it.

The time has come to act, and for good or ill, for years to come
if not for all time, these great questions must now be answered.

Authority to control and regulate the material resources pro-
\ided by nature is a necessary attribute of State sovereignty. The
State should own and regulate the disposal of all additional water
power it may create. It should make such utilization and disposal
thereof as will promote the public health and public welfare, yield
a public revenue, stimulate commerce and industry and cheapen
the cost of light, heat and power.

New York's Water Power Eesources

In the year 1907 the State Water Supply Commission was au-
thorized and directed by the Legislature to devise a plan for the
progressive development of the water powers of the State under
State ownership, control and maintenance for the public use and
benefit and for the increase of the public revenue. The same
act directed the Commission to ascertain and report the water
storage capacity of reservoirs created for the purpose of stream
regulation, the record of rainfall, the average flow of the stream,
and to estimate as nearly as practicable the water power capacity
of proposed developments throughout the State.

Pursuant to this direction the State Water Supply Commission
inaugurated an investigation of the power capacity and possibil-
ities of the more important inland streams of the State. This
work has been continued bv its successor, the Conservation Com-

Conservation Commission 33

mission. Comprehensive hydrographic surveys have teen made
of practically all the inland streams of our State, and we have at
the present time reliable data showing the power possibilities of
every important inland river within the State.

No State in the Union possesses greater water power resources
than New York. The St. Lawrence river on the north and the
Niagara river on the west furnish immense power possibilities.
No river surpasses these in volume of water and none has a more
uniform flow. We have in addition a large number of inlan4
rivers capable of vast power development. Our extensive canal
improvements have likewise created many useful water powers.
It has been established by careful hydrographic surveys that
within the borders of this State it is commercially feasible to de-
velop at least two million five hundred thousand horse power
(2,500,000 h. p.). This is more than sufficient to supply all the
needs of the State for light and for power for manufacturing and
industrial enterprises. Approximately one million (1,000,000)
h. p. has already been developed. There remains, therefore,
within the State in round numbers one million five hundred thou-
sand (1,500,000) h. p. undeveloped.

The advancement in the art of electrical transmission has made
this vast amount of potential energy available to the inhabitants
of every municipality within the entire State. The prime
importance of this resource lies in the fact that this latent power
is located within the borders of a State containing a population
of nearly ten millions (10,000,000) of inhabitants, and is avail-
able for our vast and varied industrial needs. It is valuable
because it is in the very heart of commercial activities, where
there is a growing market therefor.

Two vital questions arise with respect to the policy which the
State should adopt regarding, first, the water powers already de-
veloped aggregating approximately one million (1,000,000) h. p.;
second, the water powers yet undeveloped approximating one mil-
lion five hundred thousand (1,500,000) h. p.

By reason of the fact that every stream contains developed as
well as undeveloped power sites, these two questions are so inter-
related that a discussion of one will in a large measure embrace
the other.

34 FouKTH Annual Repoet of the

With regard to our developed water powers all agree that these
should be utilized to the highest degree of efficiency and the pres-
ent capacity increased wherever possible, and if need be, the
agency of the State employed to accomplish this result upon some
basis which will be just and equitable to the State, the mill owner,
and the citizen. Various plans have been suggested and strenu-
ous eiforts made to formulate a practical policy, which so far have
largely failed by reason of legal obstacles or conflicting interests.

Stream Regulation

A very considerable part of our water powers are situate upon
inland streams where at certain seasons there is a superabund-
ance of water, and at other times a great deficiency exists. It is,
therefore, apparent that if efficiency is to be secured, storage
reservoirs which will provide a regulation of the stream flow are
essential. This is of prime importance. By these means the
developed powers will be greatly increased, and those undeveloped
made more valuable and commercially attractive. Stream regu-
lation is in fact one of the fundamental requirements of proper
economical hydraulic development.

The construction of a reservoir on the Sacandaga at an esti-
mated cost of five millions of dollars ($5,000,000) will increase the
total low-water power of the Hudson river at the developed sites
below Hadley from twenty-nine thousand four hundred and ninety
(29,490) h. p. to ninety-one thousand three hundred (91,300)
h. p. ; and at undeveloped sites from eight thousand eight hun-
dred and eighty-five (8,885) h. p. to sixty-one thousand five hun-
dred (61,500) h. p. In other words, the low-water power of the
stream will be increased nearly four times its present capacity.
These figures include the power between the Sacandaga dam and
Hadley, which will be thirty-four thousand five hundred (34,500)
h. p. at the minimum. Moreover, in considering this project we
must remember that the commercial value of stored water is
greater than that from the ordinary flow of the stream, for the
reason that the mill o-^mers can use the same at a time when their
mills would otherwise be idle, thereby enabling them to increase
the capacity of their plants. By the construction of the Sacandaga
reservoir and a proper regulation of the stream it would be pos-

Conservation Commission 35

sible for the irrill owners to increase their plants about fifty per
cent (50%) and still run them at full capacity for the same
length of time that they do at present. The potential power pos-
sibilities at undeveloped sites would be similarly increased by the
construction of this reservoir. The increase to the power-produc-
ing capacity of the Hudson by such regulation would amount to
eighty-three thousand five hundred and sixty (83,500) h: p. Simi-
lar results would follow on the Genesee, Black, Raquette, Oswe-
gatchie and Saranac rivers, as appears from the following table :

36

Fourth Annual Report of the

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Conservation Commission 37

A study of the foregoing tabulation will show the great benefits
of stream regulation in connection with the development of power.

Public Health, Safety, and Welfare

The increase of power is by no means the only benefit which
will flow from stream regulation. The construction of reservoirs
will impound spring flood waters which so frequently result in
great injury to public and private property along our inland
streams. The Sacandaga reservoir will remove at least three (3)
feet from the crest of the floods at Troy, Albany, and elsewhere
along the Hudson. The Portage reservoir on the Genesee will
prevent the overflow of thousands of acres of valuable land in
the Genesee valley and also eliminate injury to other public and
private property along the stream which in the past has so often
been endangered or destroyed. This menace to property is pres-
ent every recurring season, No figures are available to estimate
the enormous loss of property injured or destroyed by Spring
freshets in this State. By proper stream regulation this destruc-
tion and waste would be greatly minimized if not wholly pre-
vented. Like safety to property will result on the other inland
rivers if properly regulated. Moreover, stream regulation will
produce a more steady and continuous run of water. It will in-
crease the flow during the dry season of the year, and convert
many stagnant pools into streams of living, flowing water. Public
health, safety and welfare will be greatly benefited and improved
thereby.

In determining a policy for the State to adopt with respect to
stream regulation, consideration should be given to the relative
importance of these advantages to the beneficiaries thereof. It
may be difficult, if not impossible, to estimate the full value of the
benefits to the health, safety and welfare of the public. Yet in
formulating an equitable plan for stream regulation all benefits
accruing therefrom should be considered: first, to the mill owner
from increased power ; second, to the citizenry generally from the
improvement to public health, the advancement of public welfare,
and the safety to public and private property.

88 Fourth Annual Report of the

Benefit to Mill Owner from Increase of Power

It is generally conceded that the benefit to the mill owner de-
rived from the increase of power is by far the more important.
In order to secure proper regulation reservoirs must be con-
structed, maintained and operated. How shall these be con-
structed, and the cost thereof be paid ? Shall the State as a whole
contribute toward the expense of construction, maintenance and
operation, on account of these benefits to public health, safety
and welfare?

If the policy of stream regulation were made general throughout
the State the benefits derived therefrom would directly or in-
directly reach our entire population; and there seems, therefore,
no just or equitable reason why the State as a whole should not
contribute toward the cost of such development.

With regard to these questions we find that the Constitution
provides that

" The Legislature may by general laws provide for the use
of not exceeding three percentum of such lands for the con-
struction and maintenance of reservoirs for municipal water
supply, for the canals of the State and to regulate the flow
of streams. Such reservoirs shall be constructed, owned and
controlled by the State, but such work shall not be under-
taken until after the boundaries and high flow lines thereof
shall have been accurately surveyed and fixed, and after pub-
• lie notice, hearing and determination that such lands are re-
quired for such public use. The expense of any such im-
provements shall be apportioned on the public and private
property and municipalities benefited to the extent of the
benefits received. Any such reservoir shall always be op-
erated by the State and the Legislature shall provide for a
charge upon the property and municipalities benefited for
a reasonable return to the State upon the value of the rights
and property of the State used and the services of the State
rendered, which shall be fixed for terms of not exceeding ten
years and be readjustable at the end of any term."

This provision of the Constitution is applicable to a very large
proportion of our inland streams, which have their source in the
Forest Preserve counties ; and the fair inference is that the people

Conservation Commission 39

of the State favor the construction, control, maintenance and
operation of such reservoirs through the agency of the State
itself.

Cost to Be Borne hy the State and by the Owner

We feel, therefore, that the proper policy to adopt is for the
State to construct, control, maintain and operate reservoirs in-
tended for stream regulation, and that the cost thereof be borne
in part by the State and its municipalities benefited thereby, and
in part by the owners of water power sites upon some basis of a
just and equitable division thereof.

With regard to the payment to be made by the mill owners,
serious and difficult questions arise. How shall such payment be
made and provided for ? Many divergent views are entertained
with respect to these questions. All practically agree that the
beneficiaries should be required to pay therefor. Some maintain
that the real beneficiaries are the owners of power sites already
developed. This view is predicated upon the proposition that
undeveloped sites have no use for an increase of power which
will result from stream regulation. It is also claimed, in some
cases, that the owners of developed sites should not be required
to contribute toward the cost of the construction, maintenance or
operation of such reservoirs, for the reason that some power
owners have no need for additional or increased power. These
views are, of course, erroneous, for the reason that any increase
in the capacity of a water power site, whether developed or un-
developed, enhances its potential value. Moreover, while the as-
sessment of cost upon developed powers alone might possibly
answer the needs and be practical for a river like the Black, where
more than 85 per cent, of its available power is developed, it
would utterly and absolutely fail to secure any regulation on
rivers like the Raquette, where less than 25 per cent, of the avail-
able power is developed.

A glance at the foregoing table shows that the regulation of
the Raquette could not and would not be made if the developed
sites alone were required to pay the cost for the evident reason that
the owners of such sites could not afford to bear the burden. For
example, if the reservoir at the Oxbow on the Eaquette river were

40 FouKTH Annual Report of the

built at the estimated cost of two millions of dollars ($2,000,000),
the construction cost would be at the rate of twenty-five dollars
and ninety-seven cents ($25.97) per h. p., based upon an increase
of 77,077 h. p. in the low-water power of the stream. If this
cost were apportioned between the developed and undeveloped
sites, then four hundred sixty thousand dollars ($460,000) would
be due from the ovmers of developed sites and one million five
hundred and forty dollars ($1,540,000) from the owners of un-
developed sites. If the entire two million dollars ($2,000,000)
were assessed against the developed sites alone the charge would
be at the rate of one hundred and twelve dollars ($112) per
horse power. Such charge, with the cost of maintenance and op-
eration, would be prohibitive and manifestly unfair, for the rea-
son that the value of the undeveloped water powers would be in-
creased by such regulation. It is apparent, therefore, that if
the State aims to formulate a workable policy which will result
in the general regulation of all our inland streams, some plan must
be devised whereby the owners of undeveloped as well as developed
powers will be compelled to bear their just and equitable share
of the cost of such improvement. Inasmuch as the owners of
unused and unsalable power sites would rarely if ever agree vol-
untarily to share the cost of such a project, it follows that a
workable policy must involve compulsory payment. IlTo provision
for voluntary payment will suffice.

Power of Eminent Domain Involved

To achieve this result by legislation a valid power of taxation
must be invoked, and legislation must likewise carry with it the
power of eminent domain, for the reason that every project for
the construction of reservoirs involves the acquisition of private
property, and in some cases public propert}' as well, l^o practical
plan has yet been suggested which does not involve the exercise of
these two sovereign powers.

For the regulation of streams, reservoirs must be constructed
and private lands must be acquired as above stated. The cost of
construction, maintenance and operation must be paid. ITeither
public nor private property can be appropriated ; nor can the
power of taxation be considered in this State except for a public

Conservation Commission 41

purpose. Neither the right of eminent domain, nor the power
of taxation has been given to mill owners in this State to acquire
private property for milling purposes. E^or has the enforcement
of assessments for benefits derived been permitted for the develop-
ment and improvement of water powers exclusive of other pur-
poses of a public nature. These projects have always been con-
sidered private enterprises, and therefore the power of eminent
domain and taxation has been denied. We believe that it will
be generally conceded that this view is correct, and therefore any
legislative plan designed to achieve practical results must embrace
the valid power of eminent domain and taxation as well. To
accomplish this the primary purpose of the statute must be public,
not private.

The development of water powers and the improvement thereof
by stream regulation for the production of energy for lighting
public buildings, streets and highways, and for power for State,
municipal and public service uses, and incidentally for industrial
enterprises, would, we think, be construed to be a sufficient public
purpose to validate the exercise of the necessary powers of emi-
nent domain and taxation.

To accomplish the purposes named provision for the transmis-
sion of energy produced is essential; and moreover, this would
furnish a market for power available from sites now undeveloped
and the development thereof would be made practical and feasible
for the reason that the same could then be used for commercial
and industrial purposes, where at present no market exists. Un-
less some such plan is adopted to furnish a market for the power
available from undeveloped sites the burden of taxation for stream
regulation imposed upon imused powers would be unjust to the
owners and tend to confiscation of their property.

Undeveloped Powers, Owned and Controlled hy the State
Thus far we have considered stream regulation on rivers where

water powers are privately owned. We will now consider the

proper policy to be adopted with respect to undeveloped water

powers owned and controlled by the State itself.

More than three-fourths of the undeveloped water power within

the borders of the State of ISTew York is owned and controlled

42 Fourth Annual, Report of the

by the State itself. It is tlie owner of the bed of the stream
beneath the waters of the St. Lawrence and Niagara rivers, and
is likewise the riparian owner of lands adjacent to a large amount
of available power, and it has also created much available power
through the construction of its canal system. With respect to the
large navigable streams the State has full jurisdiction and con-
trol over the same, subject only to the paramount right of the
Federal Government to control the same in the interests of navi-
gation. It likewise has jurisdiction over our inland rivers to
the extent that the waters therein cannot be diverted for power
purposes, or the flow thereof obstructed without the authority and
consent of the State. !No person can be said to own the water
which flows in these streams. All persons have a limited right
to the use thereof, dependent upon the purposes for which the
same is to be employed. These rivers are considered highways
for the use of the public. The riparian owners are powerless to
exclude the public from the use thereof for such and other pur-
poses. It is for this and other reasons that the water powers of
the State have come to be regarded as a natural public resource.
Any State policy with respect to the utilization thereof must
recognize the rights of the public therein and reckon with this
established sentiment.

So far the State has established no definite policy with respect
to its water powers. From time to time it has granted to private
individuals the right to divert water for private purposes. There
is a growing sentiment opposed to such grants. The people of the
State are beginning to realize that these vast resources are too
valuable to be given away. The exploitation of water powers by
private persons is no longer regarded with favor. The people feel
they have not received adequate benefits from the grants that have
been heretofore made.

The Conservation Commission, mindful of the fact that the
Legislature has imposed upon it the duty of devising " plans for
the progressive development of the water powers of the State
under State ownership, control and maintenance for the public
use and benefit, and for the increase of the public revenue," has
advocated that the State itself develop its unused water powers

Conservation Commission 43

and distribute tlie energy produced thereby direct to the people
at the cost of production and transmission.

So far the recommendations of our Commission have not been
adopted for the reason that it has been impossible to reconcile con-
flicting interests. Many people believe that the policy of the
development of the water powers of the State " under State
0"v\Tiership, control and maintenance," foreshadowed by the Legis-
lature in 1907, is not sound; but that the development and
exploitation of our water power resources should be left to private
initiative. Whether the sorely needed development of our water
power shall proceed under public or private auspices is a question
so vital to the welfare of the State that it deserves your most
earnest and thoughtful attention.

Utilization of Forests

Wise men in their day and generation, prudent and foreseeing,
were the framers of the Constitution of 1894, when they excluded
from the Forest Preserve — forever, as they then believed — the
axe and the saw and decreed that it be " kept as wild lands." In
the face of what had notoriously happened, and judging the future
by the only test, the light of experience, there was nothing else for
them to do but what they did. The money-changers were to be
driven from the temple ; conscienceless exploitation of the forests
was to be checked. All this was timely and provident.

The time has come, however, when modifications of this drastic
policy may safely be considered. We now know — the scientific
forester of our time tells us — what was not appreciated twenty
years ago, that selective cutting and .removal of ripe timber is
beneficial to the forests, apart from lessening the fire danger.

With a timber cut in this State five times the annual growth,
and consumption sixteen times the growth, the State of ISTew York
ought to consider, seriously, a plan of classifying the Forest
Preserve by areas, part to be protective and part to be productive.
By confining cutting to selected trees under State supervision,
and conducting all sales thereof by competitive bidding, such
forest utilization would yield a direct revenue to the State treas-
ury of $1,000,000 per annum. The fixed carrying charges on the
Forest Preserve are $365,000 per annum, of which $200,000 is

44 Fourth Annual Report of the

for interest and $150,000 for taxes; in other words, the utilization
of ripe timber would yield a net annual income of $635,000 over
and above all fixed charges.

We therefore reaffirm our support for the constitutional amend-
ment approved by the Legislature of 1913, which would permit
the removal of ripe timber, as well as dead and down timber, and
the leasing of camp-sites in the Forest Preserve. The latter
measure, while yielding a considerable annual revenue, would
tend to make the camper a vigilant fire-fighter, for he would be
watching his own property as well as the State's.

The utmost care and precaution, the greatest vigilance in admin-
istration, will be required to protect such a plan of forest utiliza-
tion against gross abuse. Already there are signs that certain
interests not unknown to forest exploitation are willing to take
an intelligent advisory part in arranging to reorganize the admin-
istration of the State's forestry irterests.

A TRIPARTITE DEPARTMENT

The Conservation Commission exercises and administers under
cne head all the powers, duties, and functions formerly divided
among several departments — the Forest, Fish and Game Com-
mission, the State Water Supply Commission, the Forest Purchas-
ing Board, and the Commissioners of Water Power on Black
River — together with new and important additions thereto, not-
ably along the line of perfecting '' a comprehensive system for the
entire State, for the conservation, development, regulation and use
of the waters in each of the principal watersheds of the State."
The plan of organization is that of a tripartite department, with
three divisions each charged with duties relating to one of the
three great phases of conservation, to lands and forests, to fish
and game, or to inland waters, with three commissioners reviewing
and passing upon all the great questions of policy in detail and
blending them in one harmonious, progressive whole.

There are those who would return to the old days when the
forests, the fish and game, and the water resources of the State
were committed to separate departments, just as there are those
who would return to the old days when each few miles of railroad
had its separate organization and a distinct entity and was oper-

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION 45

a ted all bj itself with slight regard to transportation as a national
and world system. Or there may be those who would like the
stagecoach even better, for they knew the driver long and well and
he was an agreeable man, and they felt a closeness of touch, a
communion of spirit, and a personal intimacy with him, not at-
tainable by travelers in our day.

That the State of New York will ever " unscramble the eggs"
or go back to conservation piecemeal — forestry here, fish and
game there, water resources yonder, a course meal served at three
dining-rooms — is unthinkable. These great problems of con-
servation are indissolubly interrelated; the forest and the waters
interblend and depend the one upon the other, and the fish and
game upon both.

What is needed is not a separation but a closer fusion ; a com-
pleter oneness; a more thorough understanding of the finality of
the union; better relations, and better directed energy upon the
part of all conservationists, no matter which branch of the great
movement may claim their peculiar allegiance.

One man may achieve much in administrative conservation.
Three men should bring to the task a threefold intelligence, cor-
recting each other's point of view, and minimizing the danger of
error, or worse.

One man may unwittingly, through environment or from other
cause, become susceptible to influences inimical to the preserva-
tion of the forest ; may yield to its exploitation by private inter-
est, against the public weal. The chance that three men can be so
influenced is less than one-third as great.

One Commissioner — a single head — might once again be
persuaded to stipulate away the State's right and title to its
forest lands. That three Commissioners could be so persuaded
is more than thrice as unlikely.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

GEOEGE.E. VAN KENNEN
JOHN D. MOOEE
PATEICK E. McCABE

Commissioners

AivBAi^T, N. Y., January 15, 1915.

46 FouKTH Annual Report of the

WHY COMMISSIONER McCABE DIFFERS FROM HIS

COLLEAGUES

It isn't pleasant for me to differ from my colleagues in the
Conservation Commission on the hydro power question, but I do
not believe that any good can come out of a public situation
which is encouraged in order that harmony may prevail. On the
contrary, I believe that the only hope of perfecting this condi-
tion, or lifting it out of the rut in which it is, is more likely to be
brought about by a broad, intelligent discussion of our differences.

There is nothing quite so baneful in unsettled public affairs as
harmony, and harmony in this situation would be purchased at
the price of my honest convictions, and this, I know, would not
meet with the approbation of my fellow Commissioners, who
are always solicitously seeking the truth in all public questions.

The time that I have been able to give to this water power
question since I have taken office as Conservation Commissioner
has been altogether too limited to make a thorough examination
of the matter. However, it seems to me the State is entitled to
know the result of my observations and reading, even though my
deductions be wrong.

Of the many problems in this department the most mooted
and, at the same time, the most vexatious one, and the one in
which the least progress has been made, is the solution of the
water power question. The literature on the subject, so far as
I have been able to ascertain, consists principally of the reports
of two sets of engineers who have made a sort of public shuttle-
cock of the question, one side contending that certain conditions
were true, and lugging in column after column of figures to aid
or prove their contention, while the opposing forces massed as
many, if not more, figures to confirm the correctness of their
position, and both sides were ostensibly satisfied so long as noth-
ing was done.

Germany and Canada seem to be much quoted as to the suc-
cess and failure of governmental operation of public utilities by
hydro power in these countries. It is difiScult to understand the
quoting of conditions in foreign countries to prove the possibili-
ties of a situation here. There is an element of politics in all

Conservation Commission 47

public questions in this country which has no place in the affairs
of foreign countries, and which makes it impossible for this
country to compete in a commercial enterprise with private cor-
porations. Trying to operate a commercial entei-prise success-
fully in this country with political help is trying the impossible.
Politics has its rules and provinces outside of which it cannot
successfully venture; too few seem to understand this principle.
A great many men would make politics of everything, and as
many more would make business of everything. One can also
find marshalled any number of municipalities in this country to
prove and disprove the success and failure of municipal owner-
ship.

We find in this matter, as in all matters of dispute on public
questions, a difference as to what the State Constitution intends :
one side invoking section 7 of article 7 of the State Constitution
to prove that the State and the State only can engage in the de-
velopment of this hydro-electric power; while the opposing party
vigorously maintain, under this same constitutional provision,
that the State may enter into the construction and maintenance
of reservoirs, etc., for three specific purposes and these only:
First, to regulate the flow of streams; secondly, for municipal
water supply; and thirdly, for the canals of the State; that this
provision of the Constitution in nowise provides for the hydro-
electrical development of the water powers. So much for the
constitutionality of the question.

Some persons affect to believe that the State should engage in
the development and sale of this great power as a permanent
business for the purpose of producing a commodity in which
there would be a good commercial profit. To me it is positively
incredible how any person versed in the ways of public affairs
can entertain for a moment any such impracticable theory. The
advocates of this speculation with whom I consulted seemed more
concerned in preventing the development of our water power by
rich men than they did in enriching the State or relieving the
already overburdened tax payers. Many of these persons are
opposed to the consummation of all public affairs and naively
rest their position on their interest in and protection of the poor
man's rights. So far, this side of the matter has been a sort of

48 PouETH Annual Kepokt of the

political question, made so by those self-constituted representa-
tives of tlie people who carry on a kind of political blackmail
against those who differ from them on public questions of this
character. These men are not of the best citizens, nor of the
most intelligent, but they are most ingenious in their method of
advertising and of ingratiating themselves as the self-sacrificing
friends of those who plow and those who spin.

Many politicians, or, rather, men in public life, yield to the
menacing of the supporters of this idea, more fearful of their
personal safety in public office than in the soundness of the
position into which they are forced. Courage is at the bottom of
all big successes. ISTo important success ever comes to one who
fears failure. The merits or demerits of the water power ques-
tion are never entered into as a matter of government by those
persons; the logic or philosophy of the events sun-ounding the
situation are in nowise considered.

However, I, myself, do not believe that this is a question which
engineers can settle. At the outset they were necessary to prove
the volume of water and its generative power, but that has been
determined over and over again. This was the first step and no
second step has ever been taken. The question has been, as it
were, marking time.

In public matters delay has its full quota of contributory
causes ; namely, weakness in men, lack of decision and confidence,
fear of responsibility, inefficiency, procrastination, want of
capacity, poor in courage and the thousand-and-one other appre-
hensions which beset the way of the wrong man. Protracted de-
lay is the greatest of all evils. In my judgment, a procrastinat-
ing administration is worse and more expensive than a vitiated
administration. The restraints of some administrations are as
bad as the extravagances of others. Consequently, the delay at-
tending this power question is the most pernicious wrong possible
to the State. So, also, should a policy of devolution be avoided
at this time.

It is high time that another step was taken toward the solution
of this question, and no other step can or will be taken without
courage — a courage that rises above the fear of the poor man's
political support, the vagaries of which mean nothing, as well as

CoNSEfiVATION COMMISSION 49

above the liope of the rich man's favor, which is as barren as the
favor of princes.

If this problem is to be properly adjusted the underbrush
must be first cleared av^^ay; all this prating about the poor man
must be eliminated ; and the cant and hypocricy of the self-elected
guardians of the people must be expelled from the subject, as well
as the influence of the politician who curries favor at any price.

Honest or just legislation is for the whole people, rich and
poor alike. There is no benefit in such things for one man over
another, and to induce persons to lend themselves to any public
movement, with the promise and expectancy of bettering their
condition, particularly if they are poor, is deception of the very
worst type.

But I do not believe the poor man is so easily fooled as the
professional ranter thinks. For years I have been listening to
the lamentations of the professional supporters and defenders of
the poor man, asking and receiving legislation in his behalf; and
year after year the poor man's condition is no better. Some
poor men rise to affluence in spite of their poverty, while other
poor men fail terribly notwithstanding rare mental attainments.

There is a something at work in each man's life which has
more to do with shaping his course and fixing his position in
the world than the operation of officials at the Capitol. Petty
agitators still indulge in the fallacious idea of being able to trick
the people into believing they can get something for nothing.

ISTo progress has been made in the graduation of this question
because of the misapplied rules and wrong principles engaged.
It is my opinion that it is a misunderstanding of the logic of
the commercial sit\iation surrounding this question which is re-
sponsible for a great deal of the tinkering which has been going
on for the last several years. Because the State owns the water is
no reason why Tom, Dick and Harry should be allowed to experi-
ment at the cost of the people, or why it should engage in the busi-
ness of hydro development — not at all. There are some things
the State can do, such as approximating values of estates — real
and personal — levying and collecting taxes and disbursing the
cost of operation, etc. ; and there are also some things the State
cannot do, and one of them is to engage successfully in a com-
mercial enterprise. It is too true that a question in astronomy
cannot be settled by applying the laws of philosophy.

60 FouKTH Annual Report of the

This is a big question and must, of necessity, be settled by big
men whose business it is to commercialize water power. Little
men cannot settle it at all, nor can a man big in other ways settle
it. The average man will read nothing which interferes with his
prejudices. This hydro question must be settled by a man of
genius ; one who loves his work ; a man who can bring to his assist-
ance the support and confidence of the wealth necessary to consum-
mate the undertaking. They of little faith are impregnate with
doubt and fear, which is always a hindrance ; and he who assumes
to fulfill a contract for the government which requires vigor and
skill must expect the denunciation of those of little heart — and
they are legion. Self-reliance, courage, decision and brains are
the qualities necessary for a bold project. Men with these ele-
ments cannot work tied with the red tape preventives thought
necessary to protect the State in its public exploitations. To ap-
point one in the public service to a position of grave responsibility
is not difficult, nor is it regarded as a hardship to accept the ap-
pointment and collect the salary ; but to render services in keeping
with the responsibility of an important oifice and proportionate
to a good salary is not at all common.

This is a business question pure and simple, and must, if settled
right, be settled by the rules of business. Think of having some-
thing to sell ; you won't sell it to a rich man and a poor man can't
buy it. The result is you must keep it — which is the case in this
affair. If the price of the water power of the State could be
brought within the reach of a poor man, every poor man in the
State would claim and want it. It is for this reason, and upon
this principle, that franchises are given to the highest, not the
lowest, bidder.

When the State receives all a privilege is worth, everyone in
the State is more or less benefited ; whereas, if the same benefit is
conferred upon one for the smallest possible pittance, everyone
in the State is more or less wronged.

I am unalterably opposed to the State contributing to the sup-
port of any man's business at the expense of the citizenship of
"New York. The theory of State ownership is alien to our form
of government — there is no doubt about this. It is a method
wherein the State moneys of all the people are ventured in hopes
that about one-quarter of the people may profit. The State has
something to sell, certain water powers which are said to be of
great value, and in the disposing of these rights it must proceed
along the simple lines which business follows in all such matters ;

Conservation Commission 51

it must oifer them for sale in the market where such privileges
are sold and brought under such laws and regulations which may
be necessary to protect the State from a purchaser who may be
inclined to deceive or wrong the State for himself. Ability for the
construction and organization necessary to make a project of this
magnitude a success is given to few men, and entrusting those out-
side of the limited circle with the disentangling of the complex
elements of this plan is not the part of either sense or wisdom.

The great danger the future holds for the State, if some action
is not taken now, is the refusal of the proper interests to enter into
the scheme. Such things cannot be deferred too long without loss
to those who hold a marketable affair until the anxious become
indifferent and the wealth necessary for the project seeks an in-
vestment in quarters more tranquil and not froth with the in-
stability which surrounds the public contracts and franchises of
today.

Whether the water privileges are as desirable now as they were
several years ago I do not know. Experimenting may have proved
otherwise. However, I believe if certain persons can be induced
to enter this field of enterprise success will attend their endeavors,
out of which the State will profit greatly. The State will be as
much concerned in the success of the undertaking as those who
make possible the scheme. The greater the success the greater the
value of the State water rights and the greater the profits accruing
to the taxpayers ; where failure to the enterprise means valueless
water rights to the State.

It would seem an easy matter to draft a bill calling for the
highest or greatest development of all the water power of the State
in which the regulations surrounding and protecting the rights of
the people should be drawn with an eye for a commensurate return
to the State, in keeping with the power generated out of the waters
of the State. To obtain the full commercial value of the privilege
bestowed will prove the most important, as well as the most diffi-
cult, part of the transaction and, of necessity, must be adjusted
by men who are seeking no political favors nor building for a
public future. So, also, must the men entrusted to represent the
State in these negotiations stand away outside of the influence of
the corporations concerned.

I believe a measure can be drafted protecting to the fullest every
interest of the State and, at the same time, not to embarrass the
contractor with fear and trepidation sufficient to paralyze his best

62 Ajstnuax, Repoet of the Conservation Commission

efforts. Success for one is success for both, while failure for one
is failure for both. Let another step be taken. Allow the
criminal waste of the valuable water power of the State to go no
further. !N'othing has been done, no progress has been made and
no move forward can be made along the old lines — if it could have
been it would have been.

The reports on this subject, after the first ones on both sides,
seem very much like the rethreshing of old straw.

PATRICK E. McCABE

Conservation Commissioner

REPORT OF CONSERVATION BUREAU, ATTORNEY-GEN-
ERAL'S OFFICE, RELATIVE TO LITIGATIONS

Pursuant to the provisions of section 9 of chapter 647 of the
Laws of 1911, the Conservation Commission transmitted to the
Attorney-General all orders to bring actions, suits and proceed-
ings which the Commission was authorized to institute and main-
tain, and requested the Attorney-General to defend them.

At the beginning of the year 1914 there were pending eighty-
seven actions, the majority of which involved title to lands in
the Forest Preserve of the State of 'New York. These were ac-
tions transferred to the Conservation Bureau of the Attorney-
General's office from the Legal Department of the former Forest,
Fish and Game Commission and were awaiting trial. During the
year 1914 all pending actions involving title were disposed of by
trial, and of these, fifty-five were tried before Hon. Irving G.
Vann as official referee.

These fifty-five actions involved title to lands in Township 15,
Totten and Crossfield's Purchase, Hamilton county, the majority
of which were brought in 1907. The lands involved were pur-
chased by the State from the Indian River Company and sub-
sequently it appeared that at the time of purchase there were
many occupants of these lands claiming adversely to the Indian
River Company and its grantee, the State. The rights of the
respective parties were determined upon the trial of these cases
and where the State failed in title, the Indian River Company,
under the terms of its deed, will be obliged to reimburse the State.

During the past year four actions, brought in 1910 against the
Santa Clara Lumber Company and George IST. Ostrander and
others, were argued in the Court of Appeals, and that court
rendered its decision in an important action involving a question
of title and the right of the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner
to enter into a stipulation permitting judgment to be taken against
the State, thereby adjudicating the defendants to be the owners
of the land in dispute. While the State had been unsuccessful in
the lower courts, the Court of Appeals by unanimous decision re-
versed the judgment and directed a new trial of this action.

[53]

54 FouETH Ax]sruAL Report of the

The determinatiorL of the vital question, namely the power
of the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner to stipulate that
judgment could be taken against the State adjudicating the de-
fendant as the owner of lands within the Forest Preserve, neces-
sarily and materially affects a number of similar cases where the
same question is involved. The decision does not go to the good
faith of the transaction but rests entirely upon the lack of power
conferred upon the Commissioner, particularly in view of the
constitutional prohibition of alienation of State lands within the
Forest Preserve. The land involved in the action which has been
sent back for a new trial consists of about 2,100 acres lying
north of Township 50, in Hamilton and Essex counties, and upon
which land the soft wood timber had been removed. Should it
be finally determined that the State owned the land at the time
the judgment was permitted to be taken, the defendants will be
required to pay the damages incurred by the taking of the same.

Following the decision just referred to, Justice Borst has ren-
dered a decision involving a similar transaction with the Forest,
Fish and Game Commissioner and the Paquette Falls Land Com-
pany. The lands in question are located in Township 12, OJd
Military Tract, Essex county, and comprise about 1,000 acres of
land which is substantially virgin forest, and upon which the
defendant has commenced lumbering operations, under the terms
of an agreement which has been, by the decision of Justice Borst,
determined not to be within the power of the Commissioner to
make.

Two judgments against the I^ew York Central and Hudson
Ri^x"":^' Railroad Company, one in Herkimer county and the other
in Franklin county, were re\'ersed in the Court of Appeals and
new trial ordered. These actions were for damages to State lands,
caused by fire alleged to have been set by the railroad company
in 1908.

During the year 1914 the Conser^^ation Bureau of the Attorney-
General's ofiice has disposed of one hundred and nine cases. Of
these, sixtv-five involved titles to lands in the Forest Preserve of
the State of New York; eleven actions for trespass, and twenty-
five actions for violations of the fi^h and game provisions of the
statute have been prosecuted.

Conservation Commission 55

The Cominission directed an investigation of the legal status of
the occupants of state lands in Township 40, (Raquette Lake),
Totten and Crossfield's Purchase. There are located in this town-
ship about seventy occupants who appear to have no title to the
lands which thej occupy. Surveys have been made, records com-
pleted and data obtained upon which proceedings may be brought
to recover possession of these lands.

There have been disposed of by action since January 1, 1914,
the following cases :

Trespass 11

Fish and game 25

Fire ' 6

Title 65

Vacate judgment 1

False arrest 1

Of the cases pending and commenced during the year 1914,
there are still pending:

Trespass 9

Fish and game 10

False arrest 3

Vacate judgment 1

Waste 1

Title 21

Of the ninety-two orders on hand January 1, 1914 for prose-
cution for violation of the Conservation Law, action has been
taken as follows:

Closed before commencing action 22

Action commenced:

pending 25

closed 27

Orders held awaiting data, surveys, etc 18

On the one hundred and fifty-five orders to prosecute received
since January 1, 1914, action has been taken as follows:

56 Fourth Annual Repoet of the

Action commenced 74

Closed. Pending.

Fish and game 9 5

Trespass 6 3

Title 39 8

Set aside conveyance ... 1

Fire 1

Partition ... 1

Public Service rule violation ... 1

55 19

Orders closed before action was started! 6

Orders held awaiting data, etc. :

Fish and game 2

Trespass 4

Title 59

Fire 1

Recovered moneys 1

Set aside conveyance 1

Execute judgment 1

Public Service Rule violation 4

Top-lopping 1

Recovery of rents and taxes on oyster bed leases. .... . 1

Conservation Commission 57

Moneys Recovered THRouan Actions Brought by the Con-
servation Bureau, Attorney-General's Office

1914. F. &G. Trespass. Fire.

Jan. Maurice E. Rogalin $20 00

Feb. George M. Hallock 12 50

George A. Owen 15 00

Wm. McLaughlin 10 00

Charles H. Cooper 12 50

J. B. Lunney 15 00

March. S. Guggenheim 85 00

Ai. W. Shaw $10 00

April Truman Rice (judg.) 25 00

May. H. Duncan Wood 25 00

Visher Whipple 50 00

June. N. y. C. R. R. Co. (costs) $10 00

Albert Premo 10 00

July. Purity Blue Point 0. Co 72 00

Azel F. Merrill 1, 276 00

Merrill & Bayles 49 20

John J. Ferry 36 15

Glenwood Oyster Co 51 15

Cleveland DuBois 125 00

Aug. Philip V. Monk 100 00 _.

Sept. Andrew Sullivan 60 00

Edgar Call (costs) 35 00

Wm. F. Cochrane 75 00

Oct. Charles Goetz (exec.) 117 11

Albert Frasier 51 00

George Eddy 15 00

Joseph Hilderbrandt 20 00

Frank Sherman 84 97

Norman Arnold 50 00

Erie R. R. Co 1, 566 67

N. Y. Telephone Co 10 00

Joseph Burns 115 00

Myron Daley (exec.) 13 18

Nov. Bert Wright 20 00

Archie Bryden 15 00

Dec. Long Island R. R. Co. (judg.) 586 16

John P. Brannen (judg.) 25 00

FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION COMMISSION

Summary of Receipts and Disbubsements, Exclusive of Regulab Accounts
WITH THE State Compteolleb, foe Fiscal Ybiab Ending September 30,
1914.

Total collections $381,116 88

Fines and penalties $67,740 39

Net license 14,964 46

Breeders' license 525 00

Hunting license 208,250 GO

Possession of game license 485 25

Tax and rental on shellfish lands 33,231 95

Importation, foreign game 6,577 60

Tagging trout 7,156 00

Shipping into State license 20 00

Cuba Reservoir rental 2,141 20

Trespass on State lands 5,350 99

Sale of trees 7,988 54

Fire rebate 24,816 92

Telephone rentals 106 40

Refund on payrolls 54 16

Fire fines 529 70

Miscellaneous 1,178 30

$381,116 86

disbursements

By cash to State Treasurer $380,407 26

By refunds and cost of collection 709 60

$381,116 86

Summary of Expenditures fob Fiscal Yeae Ending Septembeb 30, 1914,

by Divisions

General Office
Advertising and printing, in connection with pub-
lic hearings 288 97

Office expenses 22,883 57

Traveling expenses 7,684 84

Bureau of publication, expenses 981 75

Official salaries 75,622 07

Graded salaries 20,455 80

Additional and temporary employees 3,070 00

$130,987 00

Division of Fish and Game

Expenses, steamboats and launches $1,269 64

Fines and penalties, court, attorney and witness

costs 10,694 88

[58]

Annual Repoet of the Consekvation Commission 59

Protectors and Division Chiefs' expenses $59,458 18

Protectors' expenses, special 5,328 58

Fish and Game official salaries 5,400 00

Fish and Game graded employees 123,966 12

Superintendent of inland fisheries, salary 2,500 00

Marine Bureau, expenses 5,000 00

Surveying shellfish lands 482 16

Marine Bureau:

official salaries 11,807 26

graded employees 1,034 48

Fish hatcheries:

maintenance 47,765 48

repairs 2,347 83

Collecting fish eggs 315 41

Fish hatcheries:

official salaries 4,000 00

graded employees 9,180 00

Fish hatchery, Warren county, examination of

title Ill 16

Fish hatchery, St. Lawrence county, purchase

and construction 2,036 26

Game bird farm:

maintenance 5,754 02

official salaries 1,500 00

Hunters' License Bureau:

expenses 3,895 94

printing licenses 1,500 00

county clerks' fees 4,014 32

graded employees 1,500 00

Tagging machines and tags, purchase of 1,091 21

Printing game laws 839 68

Division of Lands and Forests

Forest Preserve, land purchase and expenses.... $7,780 00

Purchase of land 3,419 75

Protecting State's title to lands (surveying) 4,037 09

Lands and Forests, expenses of forestry bureau. 5,354 64

Reforesting 19,973 46

Fire patrol 93,699 36

St. Lawrence Reservation:

maintenance 155 22

lands and docks, purchase 1,500 00

Cuba reservoir, surveying and caretaking 1,346 68

Lands and Forests:

official salaries 11,408 32

graded employees 26,417 29

Division of Inland Waters

Hydrographic investigations $9,467 67

Surveys, investigations and river improvement. . 19,179 87

$312,792 61

175,091 81

60 Annual Report of the Conservation Commission

Investigating river structures, dams, etc. (Sec-
tion 22) $2,311 73

State dam, fourth lake, repairsi 1,644 76

Division of Inland Waters:

oflBcial salaries 9,000 OO

graded employees 15,798 78

Gate tenders' salaries, Old Forge and Beaver

river 1,100 00

$58,502 81

$677,374 23
Deduct amounts paid from Chapter 833, Laws of 1913, covering
accounts incurred prior to October 1, 1913 36,994 20

Actual expenditures for fiscal year ended Sept. 30, 1914. . $640,380 03

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS

1914

[61]

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

DIVISION OF LANDS AND FORESTS

To the Conservation Commission:

Herewith I transmit to you, pursuant to law, the Annual Report
of the Division of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year ending
Septemher 30, 1914

Respectfully yours,

JAMES J. FOX
Deputy Commissioner

December 31, 1914.

[63]

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

FORESTRY BUREAU

[65]

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction 69

The Forest Preserve 69

Trespass 69

Surveys 70

Titles 71

Litigation 71

Area 74

Resources 74

Forest Fire Protection 75

Preventive Measures 76

Protective Measures 82

Weeks Law 90

Recommendations 91

Cuba Reservation .' 92

Legislation : 96

Forest Product .' 103

Extension 106

Reforestation 107

Nurseries 108

Tree Distribution 110

Reforesting State Lands Ill

Convict Labor 113

Personnel 115

[67[

Photo by Reury

David C. Wood — Bon.x Jax. 2lJ, 18.52; Died Sept. 17, 11314 — Late Chief

Land Si'rveyoh

REPORT OF THE FORESTRY BUREAU

Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner, Conservation Com-
mission, Albany, N. Y.:

Sir. — I transmit herein a report of the alfairs of the Forestry
Bureau for the year 1914. Our activities fall into several natural
but separate lines, each of which will be separately treated.

THE FOREST PRESERVE

This great area aggregating more than one and three-fourths
million acres is maintained as a protective and pleasure forest.
As has often been stated, the provisions of the constitution pro-
hibit any direct use of this vast property. Our efforts in connec-
tion with its administration are of a protective nature. We have
given diligent attention to prevent trespass and have greatly re-
duced the damage from this source. Sur\^eys have relocated many
miles of the property lines. The rangers have made an excellent
showing in protecting this area from fire. We have also been en-
gaged in making an estimate of the resource of this domain.

Trespass
It is a pleasure to note that, although the entire Preserve has
been carefully patrolled, there have been but few and small tres-
passes discovered. We have reached a degree of protection never
before attained. A compilation of the trespass reports received at
this office shows that the total value of material cut upon the
Forest Preserve during the year was but $157.42. This is an
encouraging mark of progress when we note than only a few years
ago the value of timber taken aggregated tens of thousands of dol-
lars per annum. There may be a few cases which will yet be
discovered to have occurred during the year but they will be few
and small. Tt is certain that trespasses as such have ceased.

70 Fourth Annual Repoet of the

An analysis of the fourteen cases reported indicates that but two
had the appearance of an attempt to steal timber. One was for
removal of dead material, while the remainder were through care-
lessness or indistinctness of boundary lines, or disputed title. A
particular effort has been made to prevent trespass. Numerous
investigations to determine location of lines and other important
facts were made before cutting of timber on adjacent lands began.
It is fair to say that we find a better public sentiment, and a gen-
eral opinion against trespass. We have enjoyed co-operation of
land owners and others in an effort to determine boundaries before
lumbering and an acceptance of survey lines.

Surveys

Our appropriations have not permitted us to adopt a compre-
hensive plan of forest land survey. Such a policy is necessary,
and would be economy. In former reports emphasis has been
placed upon the value of locating the boundaries of the Preserve,
and the further fact that delay means increased cost because the
old monuments are rapidly decaying. We have used our small
appropriation for surveys which were urgent.

During the year we have surveyed approximately one hundred
and fifty miles of lines, nearly all of which were required in con-
nection with pending or prospective litigation. These surveys
have been carefully checked and lines well monumented were
determined. These surveys will be of permanent value, and will
become a part of our general survey.

The field notes and maps of all recent surveys have been care-
fully filed, indexed and made a matter of record. We have also
added to our collection of old maps and survey notes. This in-
formation has been collected, not only from the official records at
Albany but from many unexpected sources. We are gradually
developing a complete history of the numerous land grants and
patents, together with records as to the surveys thereof. The work
is slow and tedious. It can be done only when other work will
permit or as sheer necessity demands. The plan is to work out
the data so as to make it available for the future as well as the
present.

I regret to say that during the year we have, on account of the

Conservation Commission 71

death of David C. Wood, lost the valued services of our Chief
Land Surveyor. Mr. Wood was, for nearly forty years, engaged
in surveying Adirondack lands. He was, during his earlier years,
employed by private land owners, but for nearly twenty years had
devoted the major portion of his time to the State. His death,
which occurred at his home in Herkimer, N. Y., September 17th,
leaves a place impossible to fill. During those long years of hard
work he acquired an extended knowledge of land grants, history
of surveys, and methods of old surveyors ; a knowledge of where
thousands of monuments were located and ability to find them,
and a perseverance in relocating old lines which created a high
standard of work. These facts, coupled with energy, common
sense and absolute honesty won for him an enviable reputation as
a surveyor. It was his pride to find the " old blazes " and prove
fully the correctness of his work. He has long been recognized
as the best authority on location of forest land lines in this region.
The monuments which he has left inscribed on trees and posts
will long remain in the forests where he devoted most of his life.
His work is an inspiration to others as it indicates how success
can be achieved through industry and honesty. His memory will
be cherished by his associates, and his valued services greatlv
missed.

Titles
The fact that various portions of the Forest Preserve have been
acquired by several thousand different chains of title gives a gen-
eral idea of the extensive task involved in completing these records.
Approximately one half of the State's titles were derived from
tax sales. In such cases a new chain of title begins. We are en-
deavoring to get a complete set of tax searches and all other facts
in connection with such titles. In case land was purchased an
" abstract " was furnished when the sale was made. These papers
are all being carefully indexed and made useful.

Litigation

During the year many important questions affecting land titles
have been carefully considered. In 1897 the State purchased

72 Fourth Annual Repoet of the

40,000 acres of land from the Indian River Company, sitnated in
Townships 15 and 32, Totten & Crossfield's Purchase, Hamilton
and Essex Counties. At the time of the purchase there was i
portion of the land under contract and many families in use and
occupation of some of the lands. There was at the time of the sale
a question as to what lands would pass to the State, and there
was inserted in the deed a covenant that there would be a refund
of purchase price and taxes upon all lands where the State failed
to acquire title. The occupancies continued and the question of
title, although embarrassing, persisted from year to year and
from administration to administration. We decided that the
equity of the matter must be determined and an adjudication of
the title secured. Accordingly, a complete survey of the lands
was made, a description of the occupied land secured, complaints
drawn and served. Hon. Irving G. Vann, former judge of the
Court of Appeals, as Official Referee held court at Indian Lake
and practically all the cases have been heard. The judgments
have been entered in one half the cases and the remainder are
awaiting the findings. As a result it has been so far determined
that the State did not acquire title to 1,847.41 acres in this tract.
This does not mean a loss of land but does mean that the State
never acquired title to this area which it paid for and is now in
position to recover the purchase price.

Actions to determine title to various parcels of land were fully
prosecuted. The State's title to several of these properties was
based on tax sales. The tax titles were fatally defective, and the
court decided that the State never acquired title. These lands
were as follows:

- Acres

Iron Ore Tract, Lots 218 and 221 parts 95 . 80

Oxbow Tract, Lot 123 155 . 00

Hardenburgh Patent, Gt. Lot 2, Div. 28, Lot 3 part. . 76.50

Hardenburgh Patent, Gt. Lot 35, Div. 14, Lot 8 part. . 45.00
Hardenburgh Patent, Gt. Lot 39, Morgan Lewis Tract,

Lot 85 115.00

486.80

Conservation Commission 73

Summary of Reductions in Land List ^^^.^^

Tax titles declared void 486 . 80

Lands now owned bv the State 215 . 00

Corrections in acreage 1,882 . 66

Errors in footings 200 . 00

Mortgage lands not Forest Preserve 100.00

Lands not acquired 99 . 00

Total 4,832 . 87

The result is that through investigation and court decisions,
we ascertained that the State never had title to 4,832.87 acres
which have been carried on our lists.

We have co-operated with the Attorney-General in carrying to
a successful conclusion an action against the Santa Clara Lumber
Company and others in which we maintained that no officer had
the authority to compromise questions of State's title to a portion
of the Forest Preserve. In this case the Court of Appeals has
given a decision which sets aside all such former agreements or
stipulations, and we are now in a position to go before the courts
and have such questions determined upon the facts and law.

Lands Added ^^^^^

1 Purchase 1,711

2 Parcels omitted 1914 list 18.98

3 ^obleboro Gore 937

Total additions 2,666 . 98

The purchases include 131 acres in Lot 232, Paradox Tract,
Essex county, and a parcel of 1,580 acres being all or parts of
Lots 51, 52, 53 and 62, State Land Tract in Greene county.

Xobleboro Gore is a parcel bounded north l)y Moose River
Tract, cast by Arthurboro Patent, south by ISTobleboro Patent,
and west by .Vdgate's Eastern Tract, containing 939 acres. A
careful search of the grants, surveys, etc., have been made, and
we conclude it is State property under " Original Ownership."

74 FouKTH Annual Report of the

Summary

Acres

Adirondack Preserve (January 1, 1914) 1,713,697.06

Reduction 4,282.37

Increase 1,086.98

3,195.39

Adirondack Preserve (January 1, 1915) 1,710,501.67

Catskill Preserve (January 1, 1914) 112,185 . 65

Reduction 550.50

Increase 1,580.00

1,029.50

Catskill Preserve (January 1, 1915) 113,215.15

Total

Adirondack Preserve 1,710,501 . 67

Catskill Preserve 113,215 . 15

Total Forest Preserve 1,823,716 . 82

Summary of Area .

Acres

Area Forest Preserve January 1, 1914 1,825,882.71

Lands lost 1914 (see above) 4,889 . 87

1,820,992.84
Lands added 1914 (See above) 2,666.98

Area Forest Preserve January 1, 1915 1,823,659 . 82

Resources
We have made general statements* as to the stand of timber,
the annual growth, and possible income that the State might derive
if the Constitution permitted conservative lumbering of the
Forest Preserve. Such statements were based upon examination of
various parcels together with facts secured from many practical
men familiar with the region. It was an estimate, but was the
best information we could secure. In order to get more accurate

* See Third Annual Report.

FOKEST 1'"||;K W'AKMXdS ISSUKI) P.Y C'OXSKi: VATHIX ( 'OM M ISSIOX

Conservation Commission 75

figures, we directed our rangers to examine and report upon each
parcel in their territory. The information sought comprehended
a history of past operations upon the lands, fires, soil, timber
(kind, quantity and value) and camp sites (quantity and value).
The field work is practically completed, but there is a large
amount of work to be done by a competent forester before the
facts will be in shape to report fully. We hope to give an ap-
proximate statement of the kind, quantity and value of the timber
and also where it is located. We hope to submit facts as to camp
sites and opinions as to their rental values.

This information will be of value to the Legislature and the
Constitutional Convention, and it will form a separate report to be
found in the appendix. I do not mean that this report offers a
basis for lumbering operations, but rather, that it is an attempt to
get an approximate estimate of the timber upon State lands.

The Cornell Forest School, as a part of its field work, made an
examination of a large area of State land in the Catskill Forest
Preserve. Professor Recknagel has kindly incorporated the re-
sults of this work into a report which will be found appended to
this report. His report is based upon a careful examination of
the tract (the method fully explained therein) and gives concisely
the best kind of information as to quantity of timber, location,
etc.

All who are interested should examine it carefully. If the
Forest Preserve is to be lumbered and handled intelligently,
examinations of this character must be made before any plans can
be determined.

The question of leasing camp sites ought to be carefully con-
sidered. There seems to be a multitude of opinions as to area,
restrictions, length of lease, amount of rental, and other factors.
The problems here presented require careful thought and the out-
lining of a thorough policy before entering upon the subject.

FOREST FIRE PROTECTION

The year 1914 has seen a marked decrease over 1913 in the
number and extent of fires occuring in the forest regions of
the State. Lack of funds has prevented the carrying out of
many projects which would have resulted in more complete
protection.

76 Fourth Ax>'ual Report of the

Preve^n^tive Measures

The fact that iiinetv-four of the fires of the vear were due to
avoidable carelessness indicates the need of education. The De-
partment has continued publishing fire notices and posting them
at conspicuous places in the forest. The design of such posters
was varied with each issue, the belief being that new ideas attract
attention, and, therefore, make the posters more effective.

K series of fire warnings, printed on red paper, were inserted
in the " Game Law '' booklet, and also in the s\Tiopsis of the law.
Those pamphlets, go to each of the two hundred thousand pur-
chasers of hunting licenses. The warning was an attempt to
appeal to the sportsmen to prevent fires. Their attention was
called to the fires thev caused and the resulting damage, and thev
were reminded that continued fires reduce the supply of fish
and game.

Telephone and railroad companies continued their co-operation
by publishing fire warnings in their advertising literature and
time table folders. The subject-matter is changed each year
and thus a wider field is covered.

It is a conservative estimate to say that two million persons
were reached by those fire warnings through one or another of
the several agencies. Inquiries are received every day at this
ofiice asking for information about forest fires. In order to answer
such communications Bulletin Xo. 10, ^' Forest Fires," was issued
during the year and has admirably filled the need. These requests
indicate a growing popular appreciation of the importance of the
problem.

This educational work is a fire preventive measure aimed at
all agencies responsible for fires. The method is varied for the
purpose of making an appeal to the many interests of the people
whom it is necessary to reach. In order to plan such work it is
necessary to study the causes of fires. The following table shows
the total number of reported fires, which occurred in the "fire
towns" of the Adirondacks and Catskills, classified by causes:

Forest Fire Warmxu.s in Literatihe Issued by Railroad a.nd Telepiio.xe

co.mi'axies

CONSEKVATIOX COMMISSIO>" 77

Cause of Forest Fires, 191Jf

Smokers 113

Fishermen 57

Railroads 50

Hunters 42

Campers 29

Incendiary 29

Lightning 26

Berry pickers 21

Clearing land 20

Burning buildings 12

Bee hunters 4

Children • 2

River drivers 2

Limiberjacks 2

Ginseng diggers 1

Gum pickers 1

Sa"s\'mill. 1

Traction engine ' 1

Total 413

An examination of the table shows that 113 of the 413 fires,
or 27 per cent, of the total, were caused by carelessness of smokers.
This shows an improvement over 1913 when 224 fires, or 33 per
cent, of the total, were due to this cause. We think the decrease
is due to the educational w^ork. The record, however, is a serious
reflection upon the careless smoker. If a person goes into the
woods he does so for either pleasure or business ; in either case
he should be sufficiently interested to prevent forest fires.

Fishermen caused 14 per cent, of the total fires this year as
against 17 per cent, last season. This reduction also indicates
better precaution, but still, there is opportunity for vast improve-
ment.

Hunters were responsible for 10 per cent, of the fires of the
year as against 2 per cent, in 1913. This increase is largely due
to difference in weather conditions, because it was wet and almost

78 Fourth Annual Report of the

no fires occurred during the hunting season of 1913, while it
was very dangerous this year. The fact is clear that those who
use the woods must exercise greater care or there will neces-
sarily be some drastic action by property owners, which will
curtail the privileges now enjoyed by hunters and others on lands
which they do not own.

If we combine the fires caused bv the fishermen, hunters and
campers, we find that they constitute 41 per cent, of all the fires.
These figures do not include any smokers' fires, a proportion of
which were caused by these sportsmen. If we charge a reason-
able proportion of the smokers' fires to these people, we conclude
that sportsmen were the cause of 50 per cent, of the total number
of fires. A computation on this basis shows that these agencies
burned 44 per cent, of the area and caused 57 per cent, of the
total loss. This is a severe arraignment of the sportsmen of the
State, but it seems to be true. As a class, they have unanimously
agreed upon the policy of forest protection, but such a policy to
succeed must have the individual assistance of the users of the
woods. Forest fires mean destruction not only of the tree growth,
but of the cover which is the home of their game and the regu-
lator of their water supply, which means so much to fish life.
Destroy the forests, and extinction of fish and game follow^s.

It is a pleasure to note the rapid progress made in reduction
of railroad fires. The railroad fires were but 12 per cent, of the
total and of these only two exceeded ten acres in extent. This
result has been brought about by removing the cause. The
" rights of way " have been cleared and a large proportion of
the engines have been so equipped that sparks are less liable to
escape. The results have been made possible only by the hearty
co-operation of the railroad officials having these matters in charge.

Our force of inspectors has been active; and as a result, 6,995
miles or 84 per cent, of the entire "rights of way" of the sixty
railroads have been inspected, and 6,300 of the 6,866 locomotives
operating, or 92 per cent., have been examined, besides 782 re-
inspections made. A marked improvement on nearly all railroad
lines has been found. As a matter of comparison, in one district
in 1913 out of a total of 1,000 engines 40. per cent, were found
defective on first inspection, while in 1914 only 17 per cent.

THEDtLAWftREANOHOOSONCQMPftNY

PRtVtNTION AKD EXTOGUlSHMaiT Of fOKEST W« MftSSj

In wpi*' '■^ - "

jty. ■•c<">*'l'-

BOSTON & MAINE 11.8.

Department of Fire Claims

HELP PrSeNT fFrES

SAVE THE FORESTS

DO NOT throw burning matches, cigars or
cigarettes from the cars. They may start
forest fires

DO NOT drop lighted matches, cigarettes,
cigars or live pipe ashes where they may

start fires.

DO NOT leave your camp fire until you
are sure it is out.

Put out small fires and there will be no
big ones.

A LITTLE CARE on your part may save
thousands of dollars and many hardships.

New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co. NOTICE !

NOTICE.

BE CAREFUL WITH FIRE ittj -:^^ "'' '^^

EKJNT^ drop li((l't"^ ^ii'f' i- ^ cigftrt, cigarette* or pipe aahes

where they miKhl ^' t ttr. to mflammabie maUarial ^S^.V;;;!^;t!r;U^f/*4'SfcV''t;i^."'^''

s. cxzi^rn or agarettes oul ot car u-. — .-. .^av— r-.B.-i,p,„...r. .,

-** r^j-w^r-T

-. f ...-,- r ,-... x-(.;^(, ■

• pnuh* vt OB- twAf'Ml •j.Atr.

Forest Fire Placards Issued by Railroads

Conservation Commission 79

failed to coiiform to specification oii similar inspection. There
are, however, a few cases where the operators have failed to
comply with the law and these cases have been submitted to the
Attorney-General with instructions to prosecute.

The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company
tiled with the Public Service Commission March 12, 1914, a
petition requesting to be relieved from an order of that Commis-
sion dated April 1, 1909, which required them to use oil as fuel
in locomotives on day trains upon their Adirondack lines during
the fire season. The petition recited that since the 1909 order
was issued there had been a decided increase in the cost of fuel
oil. making the present cost of oil over coal about $90,000 per
season; that an improved type of "superheater" locomotive had
been designed and tested by the company, which they alleged to
be absolutely safe as to escape of sparks, coals and cinders.

The Public Service Commission held several hearings and the
Conservation Commission opposed any modification of the 1909
order. We were greatly assisted by the Association for the Pro-
tection of the Adirondacks as well as by representatives of the
Empire State Forest Products Association, the International
Paper Company and several other land owners. We contended:

1. The use of oil burners eliminated all forest fires resulting
from sparks, coals or cinders from locomotives.

2. That no matter how effective the design or equipment of a
locomotive may be, there is still remaining the question of main-
tenance and operation.

3. That past experience shows the disastrous results of such
fires, and that the interests endangered are too great to permit
any chance of fires.

The Public Service Commission by decision dated ^lay 21,
1914, sustained our objections and denied the application. Their
conclusions were:

" 1. The preservation of the State's forests from fire and de-
struction transcends in importance all questions of expediency,
convenience, or economy, and demands the adoption and enforce-
ment of every possible protective and preventive measure.

" 2. The question as to what fuel may be used for steam gen-
eration in locomotives operated in the Forest Preserve is simply

80 Fourth Annual Report of the

one of safety. If coal burners are surely safe, they should be
allowed, if unsafe, they should be disallowed and in either case
without regard to the question of expense — at least while that
question falls within the limits of the present alleged difference
in operation cost between the two methods.

" 3. The only sure way to safeguard against forest fires is to
prevent setting fires in or near to forest lands; and since neither
sparks nor coals are produced by the burning of oil, which is a
fluid and leaves no ash that can be identified in the oil burning
locomotive we have an absolutely effective means of preventing
railroad fires from locomotive operation; whereas live coals and
sparks are bound to appear in the combustion of coal under
forced draft, and accordingly in the coal burning type of locomo-
tive we have safety only to the extent that the escape of sparks
and the dropping of live coals can be prevented.

" 4. While substantial progress has been made in the develop-
ment of a coal burning type of locomotive which will not throw
sparks nor- drop live coals, it has not yet been demonstrated that
in the continuous operation of these devices the danger risk will
be reduced to that minimum which under existing conditions in
the Forest Preserve must properly remain as the standard for
regulative guidance in railroad operation.''

Fires to clear land or fallow fires were once one of the agencies
which caused a large proportion of our fires. These fires are now
regulated. A permit must be obtained before such fires can be
legally set. The result is that it is the exception when they cause
a forest fire, and if they do so they are illegally set. These fires
amounted to but 20 in number, or 5 per cent, of the total, and
only one did appreciable damage. The results obtained in this
case suggest a solution of campers' and other fires, if such pre-
ventive methods become necessary.

We have, when necessity required, and when in our judgment
public safety would be amply guarded, appointed as special forest
ranger without pay, one or more reliable employees of a firm which
had a large amount of burning. This person had to be there during
the burning, had authority to issue permits and make reports to
us, thus saving the expense of detailing a ranger. The result has
been satisfactory.

Conservation Commission

81

The following table contains a summary of violations of sec-
tion 97 and section 98 (fire provisions) of the Conservation Law.
The total of such cases is but two-thirds as great as for 1913.

Violations of

Fire Law

SECTION OF LAW

Total
number
of cases

Cases
dropped

Cases
pending

Cases
settled

Amount of
recovery

97*

29
22

6
1

13
G

10
15

S105 85

98t

92 27

Total

51

7

19

25

$198 12

* Section 97 forbids setting fires without written permit.

t Section 98 makes person who causes fire liable for expense of extinguishing.

In 1908 several disastrous fires were caused by the railroads
operating coal-burning locomotives in the Adirondacks. Some of
these fires burned over State forest lands. Investigations as to
cause, negligence, extent, amount of damage, etc., as a result of
such fires w^ere instituted, and actions brought. A careful an-
alysis of the situation disclosed the fact that the Delaware &
Hudson Company was not responsible for all the fires alleged to
have been caused by it. After a full examination, a settlement
was reached. The New York Central Railroad caused two such
fires, which burned 1,454 acres near Beaver Eiver, and 500
acres near Saranac Inn. Actions were brought and the cases
tried. Judgments were recovered for the entire loss as determined
by the jury. It was our contention that although the timber was
not consumed, the State suffered a total loss. We conceded that
in case of a similar fire on private property, there would have
been a deduction for salvage, but contended that in view of
many and decided opinions of the Attorney-General in regard to
use of such property in similar cases the merchantable material
could not be utilized. The railroad company contended that it
was entitled to salvage. The Court of Appeals during jSTovember
handed down an opinion that the measure of damage was the
value of property before the fire minus the value after the fire.
The court did not pass directly upon the question of utilization
of the timber but said the judgment was not upon a proper basis
of facts and ordered the case back for a new trial. The verdict
in the Beaver River fire case was for $13,500, and in the Saranac
Inn fire $9,018.

82 Fourth Annual Repoet of the

At the time these fires occurred there was no statute providing
penalty for killing of trees by fire. Such a law has since been
enacted.

May 21, 1911, this department alleged that the Erie Railroad
Company caused a fire which burned over 368 acres of State land
in the town of Hancock, Delaware county. Action was brought
for penalty and damages. We had but circumstantial evidence as
to cause. In former years fires had burned over this area and
there was a dispute as to particular trees being killed or injured
by this fire. After conferences the railroad company offered judg-
ment for $1,566,67, which was accepted by the Attorney-General.
This was under the circumstances a good settlement as it was for
more than the value of the property; the company spent a large
sum in examining the tract, the title to the land was not perfect,
and our proof was not conclusive.

Pkotective Measures

A force of sixty-five rangers and forty-nine observers was main-
tained through the latter part of the fire season. About a third of
the rangers and one-half of the observers were appointed during
the last ten days of April, Owing to uncertainty as to the funds
which would be available for fire protective work, the complete
quota of rangers and observers was not obtained until about June
10th, The records of fires during the year demonstrate better
than words the efiiciency of the force.

One new mountain station was constructed during the year. It
is located on Azure Mountain, near Gile, in western Franklin
county. This mountain station covers a large area, nearly all of
which has been lumbered. These are the areas in which large
fires often occur, and the station commands a range of this
territory.

The mountain stations have again demonstrated their useful-
ness and the observers' record shows that with one or two ex-
ceptions they attended faithfully to their duties.

The observers are required in most instances to live continuously
on the mountain. It has been necessary during the year to build
eight new cabins for the mountain stations. Some of these were
to replace tents which were used by the observers, but which were

Conservation Commission

83

far from satisfactory on account of the rigorous weather conditions
encountered on the mountain tops. The new cabins have been
substantially constructed of lumber or logs, at small expense.
The labor has been supplied from the ranger force, and in several
instances land owners have donated materials. Eight lookout
towers have been erected to take the place of old towers which be-
came unsafe for the observers' use.

List of Mountain Stations in 1914 and Number of Fires Reported

from Each

STATION

Fire
district

County

Town

Fires

reported,

1913

Fires

repyorted,

1914

2
1
3
1
3
5
3
2
5
2
3
2
3
3
4
2
1
3
4
2
4
5
5
1
3
1
1
2
5
3
3
1
4
3
2
1
2
3
1
5
4
3
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
1
3

Essex

Newcomb

Harrietstown . . .

Piercefield

Waverly

Croghan

Hardenburgh . . .

Webb

Moriah

Shandaken. . . .

Dresden

Indian Lake. . .
North Hudson.

Clifton

Colton

Benson

Johnsburgh. . . .

Duane

Indian Lake . . .

Wilmurt

Johnsburgh ....
Lake Pleasant . .
Wawarsing ....

Jewett

Keene

7

21

4

47

4
13

6
16
13
14

6
25
31
67
27

6

ii

17
36

5
18
25
11
16
27

9
10
13
14

8
24

7
22

6
24

8

7

29

42
18

7

Franklin

St. Lawrence . . .

Franklin

Lewis

5

Arab*

4

1

Bald

IS

Ulster

o

Herkimer

Essex

2

Belfry*

6

Belleavre

Ulster

4

Black

Blue

Washington. . . .

Hamilton

Essex

8
7

Boreas

9

Cat

St. Lawrence. ..
St. Lawrence. ..

Hamilton

Warren

Franklin

Hamilton

Herkimer

Warren

Hamilton

Ulster

17

Catamount

15

Cathead

40

Crane

18

DeBar*

10

Fort Noble

3

Gore

17

HaTniltnn

24

High Point

15

TTiinter

Greene

Essex

Hurricane .... ...

43

Kempshall

Hamilton

Franklin

Clinton

Long Lake

Franklin

Saranac

North Hudson.

New Paltz

Colton

Lyonsdale

Altamont

Day

9

Loon Lake

19

Lyon

2

Makomis

8

Mohonk

Ulster

4

Moosehead

St. Lawrence. . .

9

Moose River

5

Mt. Morris

Franklin

Saratoga

Hamilton

Essex . . .

10

Ohmer

20

Owlshead*

Long Lake

Schroon

Chester.Reld....

Caldwell

Webb

Santa Clara

Shandaken ....
Indian Lake . . .

Webb

Hague

Arietta

Clare

5

Pharoah

14

Poke-O-Moonshine*

Essex

7

Prospect

Warren

Herkimer

Franklin

Ulster

Hamilton

Herkimer

Warren

Hamilton

St. Lawrence. . .

Delaware

Essex

Hamilton

Hamilton

Essex

Herkimer

20

Rondaxe*

2

St. Regis

13

Slidet

Snowy

Stillwater

6
22

Swede*

10
2

Tooley Pond

5

Twadell

Hancock

Minerva

Lake Pleasant . .

Long Lake

Wilmington ....
Wilmurt

13
28
5
11
19
26

2

Vanderwhacker

12

Wakeley*

3

West

Whiteface

15

Woodhull

4

Total

816

.503

* No observers appointed in 1914 until after June 5th.
t Not operated during season of 1914.
t Not operated until October Is t

84 FouETH Annual Report of the

Special efforts have been made to improve the service on the
telephone lines owned by the department. A nnmber of the old
lines have been repaired and improved ; and some new lines have
been bnilt to fill in gaps which appeared in the telephone system.

In order to facilitate the making of prompt repairs to telephone
lines by observers and rangers, ten new linemen's test sets have
been purchased and distributed among the members of the field
force at points where they would be on hand in case of line
troubles.

The following table summarizes the construction of telephone
lines during the year. Nearly all this work was done with ranger
labor :

Telephone Lines

Distrct

1

2

3

4

5

Total

In order to render large unbroken blocks of forest land more
accessible to fire fighters, the rangers and observers have been
directed to work at clearing out trails during wet weather. Con-
siderable has been accomplished along this line, as the following
table shows.

Trails Cleared Out 1914

District Miles

1 ; 20

2 30

3 10

4 9

5 6

Total 75

Miles built
1914

Total miles

State line

to date

1

37

30

98

5

54

3

78

2

20

41

287

Conservation Commission 85

The so-called " top loppiug " law remained unchanged during
191-i. Its enforcement has been carried out conscientiously by the
ranger force. Practically all lumbermen operating within the
areas to which this law applies, have done the lopping in a
satisfactory manner, only two violations having been reported.
These cases are both pending at the time when this report is
written.

Mention should be made of the co-operation by the State De-
partment of Highways in the reporting of forest fires. In Sep-
tember a request was made by the Conservation Commission that
the Highway Department instruct its road patrolmen to extinguish
small fires when they could do so without serious interference with
their regular duties, and to report all fires to the nearest forest
ranger or fire warden. The Commissioner of Highways acceded
to this request and sent letters of instruction to each patrolman
employed in the area embraced within the fire towns. In this
way, an auxiliary force of seventy-two men has been added to our
ranger force. The reporting of fires by rural mail carriers has
been continued as in 1913. There can be no doubt that the
assistance of these persons is of considerable value. Many fires
are started each year by persons traveling along the highways,
and these fires should all be picked up by our new auxiliary
observers.

The tables accompanying this report summarize, the fires of
the year classified in two ways — by counties and by causes. The
preventive and protective measures have held down the acreage
covered by the 413 fires to 13,837, as against 54,796 acres
burned in 688 fires in 1913. The expense of fighting fires was
$13,978.18 in 1914, as against $42,979.04 in 1913; the damage
done by fires in 1914 was $14,905 as against $51,455 in 1913.

These figures show a great reduction in both acreage and cost
in 1914. While it must be remembered that 1913 was the worst
fire year since 1908, still there were two or three periods of great
drought in 1914, namely in May and early June, in September,
and in late October and early November. The last period was
especially dry in the Catskill region.

86

Fourth Annual Repoet of the

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CONSEBVATION COMMISSION 89

Less than two-tenths of one per cent of the area under pro-
tection was burned. The cost of protection on the entire area of
7,270,000 acres included in the fire towns was less than one cent
per acre. This figure includes salaries and expenses of the fire
protection force, expense of equipment, and the cost of extra
labor employed to fight fires.

There were four bad fires during the year, three in the Adiron-
dacks and one in the Catskills. The first was in the town of
Keene, Essex county, and burned over 425 acres of State land.
This fire was thought to be of incendiary origin, although all
eftorts to apprehend the ofi^enders have failed.

The second fire was in the town of Santa Clara, Franldin
county. It started from a small fire — probably left by fisher-
men — when a terrific wind sprang up on the afternoon of May
31 and swept the flames across 1,550 acres of State land before
they could be controlled by the fire fighters. All but eighty-five
acres of the above area was land which had previously been burned
over.

The third fire occurred in the town of ]Srorth Elba, Essex
county, in the latter part of June. It was apparently caused by
the carelessness of some person passing along the trail from Lake
Placid to Mt. Marcy. The fact that the fire, although in an al-
most inaccessible portion of the mountains, did not burn over
more than 200 acres before it was checked, redounds greatly to
the credit of the fire fighters.

In the Catskills no great damage was done by fires, until one
was started near Mt. Pleasant, presumably by hunters, on October
12. Although quick action by the ranger force got men on the
fire line promptly and kept them there day and night until rain
finally came, a large quantity of timber was destroyed on the 450
acres burned over.

It is interesting to note the effect of the period of dry weather
as indicated by the accompanying tabulation of fires classified
by months and counties. More fires originated in May than in
any other month. May -is ordinarily a bad month for fires since
the snow has mostly gone from the ground and the green vegeta-
tion has not yet appeared. These conditions prevailed this year,
and to make matters worse very little rain fell during the entire
month.

90

FouKTH Annual Eepokt of the

Forest Fires, 1914 — Summary by Months and Counties

COUNTY

Mar.

Month

April

May

June

July Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov. ! Totals

Clinton

1
1

1

" i
1

ADIl

10
11
25

1

7

1

5

■■ 2

19

15

2

lOND^

8

12

12

1

7

1

4

2

3

7

10

iCKS

3
10

8
....

1
2

'"i

5
1

6

9

14

'"6
6
5

"5

12

7

3

2

1
2

"i
"4

4
5

2

17

2

2

■"2
6
3

2

'"3

31

Essex

2

56

Franklin

68

Fulton

4

Hamilton

Herkimer

Lewis

42
12
21

Oneida

2

Saratoga

St. Lawrence

Warren

12
49
43

Washington

9

Total

2

5

98

67

32

73

13

45

14

349

Delaware

Green

C

10
7

1
9

ATSKI]

3

2

■■■3

LLS

"i

"2

1
1
1
3

1

2

1
12

1
. . . .

16
15

Sullivan

"2

3

Ulster

30

Total

2

27

8

1

2

6!

16

2

64

SUMMARY

Adirondacks

2

5
2

98
27

67
8

32

1

73
2

13
6

45
16

14
2

349

CatskUls

64

Total

2

7

125

75

33

75

19

61

16

413

Weeks Law
Under the provisions of the Weeks Law, an allotment of
$10,000 was made by the United States Department of Agricul-
ture for the use of New York State in protecting the forests from
fire on the watersheds of navigable streams. Of this amount
$8,000 was made available for use within the area included in
the " fire towns." In 1913, the allotment for use in the fire dis
tricts was only $5,000 ; but at the end of the year the Commission
requested that it be increased to $10,000 in 1914. The allot-
ment under the Weeks Law depended upon the approval of an
item in the United States Department of Agriculture appropria-
tion bill which came before Congress last spring. Letters were
sent by the Conservation Commission to all of New York State's
senators and representatives in Congress, asking them to work
for the passage of the above item. Practically all the Congress-

Conservation Commission 91

men stated that they favored its passage, and the bill was finally
passed.

New York was allotted $8,000, which was used to pay the
salaries of seventeen observers on mountain stations for six and
one-half months. During the dry period of the early fall eight
additional observers were designated as emergency employees
under this act and paid from this fund for a period of about five
weeks.

The cooperation of rural mail carriers and star route carriers
was continued as in 1913. Two fires, according to the records,
were reported by these men in 1914.

Recommendations

The greatest single need of the fire protective organization is
an assured and ample appropriation. In my opinion, the com-
plete summer force of rangers and observers should be appointed
not later than April 15, and in some districts these men should
be on duty by April 1. During the past two years it has been
impossible to do this on account of the uncertainty as to the
amount which would be available for the work.

Furthermore, there is need of at least eight new mountain
stations. These stations should be constructed, equipped and
manned in the spring of 1915. The equipment at all the
mountain stations should be gone over and much of it renewed.
A few of our lookout towers are becoming unsafe and should be
replaced with steel towers.

The publication of a Manual of Instructions for the use of
rangers and observers is strongly urged. Copy for such a pub-
lication has been prepared and could be made ready for printing
at once. A manual of this kind would make it easier for the field
employees to do their work right ; it would greatly lessen the work
of this office in correcting errors made in the field ; and it would
improve the efficiency of the force.

With but one exception our rangers are being paid sixty dollars
per month and their traveling expenses. The maximum salary
which the law allows a ranger is seventy-five dollars per month.
Rangers' expense accounts average thirty dollars per month. I
believe we would be able to secure better men for the position of

92 Fourth Annual Report of the

ranger if we should pay a fixed salary of, say, eighty -five or ninety
dollars per month with no allowance for expenses. It should be
stipulated that, where necessary, the ranger should keep a horse.
In order to pay the salary mentioned above, an amendment to
the statute would, of course, be necessary.

There are a number of rangers who have been in the employ
of the Department for several years. Some of these men have
proved their ability and their experience has made them more
valuable for the work. I believe that small increases in salary
should be given to those rangers who have earned them by
meritorious service.

The area within which the Conservation Commission has juris-
diction over fire protection is defined by section 97 of the Con-
servation Law. This section enumerates ninety-seven towns in
the Adirondack and Catskill regions which comprise the pro-
tective area. The intent of the framers of the law was apparently
to name the towns which would include the more densely forested
portions of the regions in question.

However, in the Catskill region there are large areas of forest
land outside of the present fire towns. In Greene county the
town of Halcott is largely forest land. To include this town as
a fire town would not onty extend fire protection to areas where
it is needed, but would also facilitate the administration of the
fire law by rounding out the exterior boundaries of the pro-
tective area.

Quite another condition exists in Sullivan county. Two forest
towns — Neversink and Eockland — in the northern part of the
county are now included among the fire towns. A belt of forest
extends around the outside of the county, although the central
portion is agricultural land. In order to facilitate administra-
tion, I recommend that the entire county be included in the pro-
tective area.

CUBA RESERVATION

The plans made last year have, during this season, been put into
effect. The survey to locate the boundaries of the property has
been completed. Seventeen concrete and numerous iron monu-
ments designating corners have been erected. Such portions of
the property as are suitable for camp sites have been surveyed

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION" 93

into lots. A map sliowiug the allotmeut is iu preparation. Two
liuudred and sixty-six lots with approximately one hundred feet
frontage each have been made.

Careful consideration was given to the preparation of a lease.
It was determined that live years (the limit defined by statute)
was the most desirable period that could be arranged. The lease
requires payment annually in advance, contains restrictions as to
erection of buildings, and provides that assignments of lease shall
not be made without the approval of the Commission. Various
rules and regulations (published in full below) were adopted and
made a part of the lease.

Rules and Regulations Governing the Use and Occupation of the
Premises Leased Pursuant to the Provisions of the Agreement
Hereto Attached

1. No permanent structure or addition to existing structure
shall be erected upon leased premises without the written consent
and approval of the Conservation Commission.

2. Tents are not to be pitched without the written consent of
the Conservation Commission, or its duly authorized agents.

3. Before the work of construction is begim the plans of any
proposed structure must be presented to the Commission for writ-
ten approval.

4. No dock or docks shall extend into the water of the lake
more than fifty feet from the shore line and such lines to be de-
termined by the level of the spillway, without the written consent
of the Conservation Commission. In case, however, the depth of
the water at the end of such dock or docks is less than four (4)
feet such dock or docks may be extended to such depth.

5. All buildings shall, at reasonable hours, be open to inspec-
tion by officials of the Conservation Commission or its duly au-
thorized agents in order to determine if the provisions of the
lease are being complied with.

6. The Conservation Commission or its duly authorized agents
shall have the right of passage over any leased property.

7. No business of any character shall be conducted on premises
herein leased without a special written permit from the Com-
mission.

94 JFouRTH Annual Report of the

8. All cottages shall be equipped with a lire extinguisher of a
kind which shall be approved by the National Board of Under-
writers.

9. In case of fire of any character on or near State property,
occupants of State land may be called upon to fight the same with-
out pay.

10. Firearms must be used carefully so that there will be no
danger to human life or property.

11. Each privy shall be equipped with removable galvanized
iron cans or any metal water-tight container and the privy shall
be built in such a way that the cans may be easily removed.

12. Each lessee shall provide a plentiful supply of lime and
dirt and use the same in any privy on said premises and such
privy shall be cleaned and all fecal matter removed by the lessee
at such frequent intervals as to prevent offensive and unnecessary
odors.

13. Every cottage shall be equipped with an iron garbage can
with cover and all garbage must be placed therein and shall be re-
moved by the lessee at frequent intervals.

14. No garbage, dishwater, sw^eepings, bottles, broken glass or
waste material of any character shall be thrown in the lake.

15. Each lessee will be held responsible for his leased parcel
and must keep it free of broken glass and debris of all kinds.

16. Stable manure must not be deposited within thirty feet of
the shore line and must be removed at least every two weeks.

17. The Conservation Commission reserves the right to pro-
mulgate and enforce regulations in regard to contagious or in-
fectious diseases.

18. No trees or shrubbery upon the reservation shall be cut or
mutilated without the written consent of the Conservation Com-
mission. Horses must not be hitched to trees.

19. The Conservation Commission shall have the right to plant
trees on any location which will not interfere ^vith the proper
use of the lands by lessee.

20. Lessees shall do all in their power to keep the land and
water of the reservation clean, sightly and sanitary,

21. The Conservation Commission will require that order and
decorum be observed at all times.

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION 95

22. Lessees are required to assist in the prosecution of any
violations of the law committed upon the lake or upon lands
owned by the State adjacent thereto.

23. To best promote the interests of all concerned, the Con-
servation Commission requests that every occupant of the reser-
vation promptly report to the Conservation Commission or its
duly authorized agent every infraction of these rules and regu-
lations.

The foregoing rules were duly adopted by the Conservation
Commission on the 13th day of May, 1914.

A conference was held at Cuba "with a committee of cottagers
and these provisions were finally accepted. It was also decided
that $15 was a fair and equitable annual rental value for a lot.

Since May 1st leases have been executed as follows :

167 cottage lots, at $15 $2,505 00

1 boathouse site, at $3 3 GO

14 agricultural leases 121 20

1 store permit 10 00

Total revenue (gross) $2,639 20

The only fixed annual expense is that of a caretaker, who at
present receives a salary of $600. There should also be a small
sum for miscellaneous expenses. We believe that a large number
of additional leases will be applied for next year and estimate
that the gross income will reach $3,000.

The wisdom of the statute fixing a policy for the use of this
property and providing for administration thereof has been
markedly demonstrated. The people residing thereon were form-
erly " squatters " and there was no one in authority. They wel-
come the security of a lease, the effect of authority and benefits
which accrue therefrom. This has led to a definition of area.
They now feel secure in their rights and are making improve-
ments. The general aspect, the sanitary conditions and type of
buildings have been greatly improved.

The State lands about the lake are practically treeless. Inas-
much as this is and will continue to be a great summer resort,

90 FouKTH Annual Report of the

we should at oiice begin extensive tree planting for shade pur-
poses. A plan to carry out such an idea has already been pre-
pared. An appropriation should be made to carry on the work.

LEGISLATION

The past few years embrace a period during which there has
been much discussion and elfort put forth along the line of
advanced forest legislation. The central feature has been the
State's control over private forests. There have been many per-
sons and various organizations interested in these conferences.
Many proposed measures have been drafted, but the bill intro-
duced at the last session of the Legislature was supposed by its
sponsors to cover the situation.

The principle of the proposed legislation was State control,
in some cases optional and in others mandatory, but in any event,
the owner received relief from taxation and usually other benefits.
The main features of the bill were embodied in sections 88, 88a,
88b, 89 and 89a. For the convenience of the reader an attempt
has been made to prepare a synopsis of the several provisions.
There is a distinction made according to the location of lands.
The classification depends upon whether or not they are located
within either the Adirondack or Catskill parks. Each .section
will be considered separately and in order:

Section 88. This, the first provision, is the entering step.
It is entirely optional, and may- be said to provide for a declara-
tion by an owner that he desires to place his property under a
system of forest management, controlled by the State authorities.
It applies to any private land within the parks and to " unim-
proved," " non-agricultural ■' lands whose value is $10 per acre
or less if located without the parks. The prescribed procedure is
an application by the owner, an examination by the Commission,
submission of a plan for management by the owner and approval
of the latter by the Commission. The advantages to the owner
are that it permits him to be entitled to the benefits as provided
by section 88-b (State to reforest) also section 89-a (State to
pay taxes).

Section 88-a. This section in brief means compulsory reforesta-
tion under certain conditions. It is applicable within the parks

Conservation Commission 97

only where the forest growth is destroyed aud the hind is uuim-
proved and non-agrieultural, provided the owner does not enter
his land under section Sb. It provides that the owner of such
lands shall after notice reforest, or if he fails, the State shall do
so ; that an account of the cost shall be kept and that the expense
incurred by the State shall be subject only to existing liens and
taxes ; that interest shall be computed at 4 per cent, simple. Cut-
ting of timber is made subject to State control and the expense
incurred by the State must be paid before removal of the timber.
There is no provision for tax reduction but the State cannof be
reimbursed for its outlay in excess of 50 per cent, of the stumpage
value.

Section 88-b. This provision provides for the State to contract
to reforest private lands. It applies to lands entered under sec-
Lion 88 if in parcels of 300 acres or upv/ards. The owner may
apply but the State must reforest when such applications are
made. The future lumbering is restricted. The expense of
planting, with 4 per cent, simple interest, becomes a lien on the
wood growth only, but the State cannot recover on account of such
expense more than 50 per cent, of the stumpage value, on account
of such disbursements. The owner is entitled to the taxation
provisions of section 89-a. A cutting tax of 10 per cent, is
levied in lieu of taxes advanced.

Section 89. This is the present provision of the Conservation
Law relative to taxation of forest lands. It was amended in the
bill so as to apply only to lands without the Adirondack and Cat-
skill parks.

Section 89-a. This section provides that the State pay taxes on
forest lands under certain conditions. It is applicable to private
lands in parcels of 100 acres or upwards, whose land value is $10
or less per acre, situate within the parks, provided they have been
classified under section 88 or 88-b. It fixes an assessment value
of the land, exclusive of minerals or improvements, for a fifty-
year period. Lands covered with forests or lands planted may be
included. The cutting is regulated. The land and forest
growth shall be separately assessed. The owner shall pay the
tax on the land as assessed. The timber shall be separately asr-
sessed and the State shall pay the tax. A graduated cutting tax
4

98 Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

is provided, which is paid to the State as reimbursement for taxes
paid. The State Comptroller has some authority in limiting ex-
penditures of money in tax districts.

The Commission opposed the passage of this bill for the reason
that it contained provisions believed to be contrary to the inter-
ests of the State. An analysis of the several provisions and of
their application will, we believe, convince anyone that the facts
more than justify our position. A full discussion of this bill was
set forth in a statement, made by the Chairman of the Commis-
sion, as follows:

" Our opposition to this law is based upon the broad ground
that it is grossly unjust to the State.

" This statute commits the State to the policy of expending the
moneys of the State for (1) reforesting the denuded lands of
private owners ; (2) paying taxes upon the value of trees growing
upon private lands.

" No State or nation has ever, to my knowledge, undertaken to
expend money for the improvement of private property or for the
payment of taxes on such property.

" Some States pay taxes upon their owm forest lands, and in
rare cases States have exempted some woodlands owned by per-
sons from taxation; but no State has ever before, I believe,
actually paid the taxes upon such private property or expended
moneys thereon for the improvement thereof.

"A brief digest of the provisions of this law will serve to eluci-
date my point of view.

J. The State Required to Pay the Cost of Reforesting the
Denuded Lands of Private Owners
" This statute provides that the State shall at its own cost re-
forest all lands, ' suitable for tree growth ' situate on any water-
shed of the State provided that (1) the value of the lands alone,
exclusive of any trees thereon does not exceed ten (10) dollars
per acre; (2) that the area of such lands is not less than three
hundred (300) acres in contiguous parcels; (3) the owner classi-
fies the same as forest lands, and agrees to conduct lumbering
operations thereon according to the plans of the Conservation
Commission.

Conservation Commission 99

" The cost of reforesting such lands with simple interest at 4%
shall be a lien upon the trees (not on the land) which may grow
thereon, subject to existing liens, but in no event shall such lien
exceed fifty per centum (50%) of the value of the trees at the
time of cuttiny.

II. The State Required to Pay the Taxes Upon the Value of

the Trees 07i Private Lands

'' In the event that the lands so reforested at the expense of the
State are situate in the Adirondack or Catskill Parks, the owner
shall be exempt from the payment of taxes upon the value of
the trees which may grow thereon for a period of fifty years,
and shall only be required to pay taxes upon the value of the
land exclusive of the trees.

" This provision for the exemption from taxation upon the
value of growing trees not only applies to the lands so reforested
by the State but also to all private wood lands and timber lands
situate within the Parks, if such lands are classified as above.

" You will observe, therefore, that the only tax which the
owner is required to pay upon his forest lands within the Parks
is upon the valuation of such lands exclusive of the value of any
trees thereof. Such valuation shall not be increased for a term
of fifty years. The foregoing provision applies to areas upon
which there exists a valuable tree growth as well as to denuded
lands which have been reforested by the State.

" On the other hand all taxes upon the value of the trees shall
be paid by the State for such period. The assessor of the Tax
District in which such lands are situate is required to assess the
value of the trees annually, and upon such valuation the State
pays the taxes. In short, this statute provides that the State
shall pay all taxes on the value of trees which enhances in value
year by year and which is the most valuable part of any forest
land, while the owner pays taxes upon the bare land which, ex-
clusive of the trees, is c:enerallv of verv small value.

" In lieu of all these taxes paid by the State the owner is re-
quired to pay a cutting tax of ten per cent. (10%) upon the
value of tlie timber removed from the lands reforested at the
expense of the State and upon all other forest land a graduated

100 FouETH Annual Report of the

cutting tax varying from two per cent. (2%) to six per cent
(6^) of such value according to the time of cutting and re-
moval of such timber ranging from ten to fifty years.

'' The foregoing is the gist of this proposed law. in the case
of denuded lands requiring reforestation it provides for a sort of
copartnership arrangement with the owner of private lands to
conduct lumbering operations thereon. The owner furnishes the
land while the State furnishes the trees and plants the same.
The owner pays the taxes on the bare land exclusive of the trees
at a valuation lixed for fifty ^-ears. The State pays all taxes
on the value of the trees which increase annually, and at the end
of a period of fifty years the actual cost of reforesting with
simple interest at four per cent. (4%) per annum plus a cutting
tax of ten per cent. (10%) is returned to the State, but in no
event is the State entitled to receive more than fifty per centum
(50%) of the value of the timber subject always to any prior
existing lien or incumbrance.

" With regard to all other forest lands in the Parks, i. e., pri-
vate lands not requiring artificial reforestation on which there
exists tree growth of potential value, the owner pays taxes on
the value of the land only, and the State the taxes on the valu'*^
of the trees in lieu of which the State receives a cutting tax o\.
five per cent. (5%) of the value of the timber removed at the
end of fifty (50) years.

" Reliable estimates based upon experience show that the aver-
age value of the Park lands exclusive of trees does not exceed
two dollars ($2) per acre; that the average cost of reforesting
the denuded lands is eight dollars ($8) per acre, and the average
value of the timber on cut lands where trees of potential value
now exist is about six dollars ($6) per acre.

TIL The Ejfect of this Proposed Statute with Respect to De-
nuded Lands

" It is estimated that there exist within the State 430,000
acres of denuded private lands suitable for tree growth to which
this law is applicable. If reforested pursuant to the provisions
of this law the State must expend three million, four hundred
and forty thousand dollars ($3,440,000). In this proposed

CONSERVATIOX COMMISSION 101

venture tiie JState fumislies practically the entire capital — to
be precise, tlie State invests eight dollars ($8) every time the
ovs^ner furnishes two dollars ($2). The State assumes the entire
risk of destruction by fire and storm or injury by trespass, and
at the end of the period can in no event receive more than one-
half of the value of the crop. The owner has practically noth-
ing to lose and everything to gain; the State has everything to
lose and nothing to gain. Would one private individual enter
into a similar contract with another ? Will you undertake to
reforest my denuded lands upon the same terms ?

'" No business man would think of doing such a thing. Very
much less would any sensible man make such a bargain if he was
required to pay all taxes upon the growing crop of trees for a
period of fifty years.

" The State of ISTew York owns to-day approximately one hun-
dred and twenty thousand acres of denuded lands suitable for re-
forestation. These lands should be reforested before the State
enters upon the task of entering upon a jug-handle arrangement
to expend its money to improve private property for the benefit
of private individuals. Why not bend its energies toward the
reforestation of its own lands ?

" If the reforestation of its own denuded lands by the State
fails to insure adequate reforestation of our own forest covers,
why not purchase such lands from the private owners and plant
the same with trees ? Would not such a course be wiser and
more in tune with a legitimate governmental function than to
enter into a copartnership arrangement with private individuals ?

IV. The Effect, of ilie Taxative Provisiojhs of the Proposed

Statute

" The provisions of this law relating to taxation apply to two
classes of private lands situate in the Adirondack and Catskill
Parks :

" (1) Denuded lands suitable for forest growth.

" (2) Cut-over forest lands upon which there exists a stand of
trees growing of potential prospective value.

102 FouETH Annual Repoet of the

"A conservative estimate of the quantity of such denuded
lands is four hundred and thirty thousand (430,000) acres, and
of such cut-over la^ds one million seven hundred thousand
(1,700,000) acres

" The owner is required to pay taxes on the value of the land
alone exclusive of the trees, viz., tvro dollars ($2) per acre on an
average, which remains fixed for fifty (50) years, and the State
pays the taxes upon the value of the trees, which in the case of
reforested lands is eight dollars ($8) per acre, as shown above.
The value of the trees upon which the State pays taxes increases
year by year.

^'Assume for the sake of argument that the average increase in
value of the trees in each case is one dollar per acre per annum.
This is a very low estimate — much below the estimate of ex-
perts — and, moreover, it is obvious that unless such increase in
value exceeds this estimate the State will not receive the amount
expended for reforesting lands with interest added.

" Upon this very low basis of increase you will observe that
the average value of the trees for fifty years will be on reforested
lands twenty-nine dollars ($29), and upon cut-over lands twenty-
eight dollars ($28) per acre.

" Let us further assume that the assessors fix a valuation for
taxation purposes at sixty per centum (60%) of the actual value —
or, say, twenty dollars ($20) per acre per annum on an average.
The records will show that the average tax rate in the Adirondack
and Catskill Park section is about two per cent. (2%) per annum
upon the assessed valuation.

" Therefore, the State in fifty years' time would pay out in
taxes twenty dollars ($20) per acre, and in lieu thereof would
receive at the end of such time a cutting tax of ten per centimi
(10%) or five dollars and eighty cents ($5.80) per acre on re-
forested lands, and five per qentum (5%), or two dollars and
eighty cents ($2.80) on cut-over lands — a loss of fourteen dol-
lars and twenty cents ($14.20) per acre on one, and about seven-
teen dollars and twenty cents ($17.20) per acre on the other,
making a total loss to the State of over six million dollars
($6,000,000) on the four hundred and thirty thousand acres

CONSEBVATION COMMISSION 103

(430,000) of denuded lands requiring and suitable for reforesta-
tion, and over twenty-nine million dollars ($29,000,000) on the
one million, seven hundred thousand acres of cut-over lands.

" One-half of this loss would be sufficient to purchase all these
lands and defray the cost of planting such as require reforesta-
tion.

" It may be that some of the figures taken are not without ques-
tion, yet we have endeavored to assume rates of growth, land
values, rates of tax, stumpage values and other conditions which
do not prejudice our argument. In some instances, higher figures
might well be taken, but if so, the State's loss would be greater.
Any errors of this kind will not materially vary the calculation
or fail to show the futility of such a law as an example of State
policy.

" It is, however, apparent that the State could by one-half the
proposed expenditure acquire and reforest this area and thus be
the owner of the property. "WTiatever indirect benefits would re-
sult would similarly accrue under State ownership."

FOREST PRODUCT

I again submit statistics showing our annual forest product.
These figures are for the year 1913, because it is impossible to
compile data of a current year in time to incorporate in the re-
port therefor. Reports have been received from all the known
mills in the State that operated last year. A comparison of the
total product with that of other years shows a continued decrease.

Cotnparison of Forest Products hy Years

Year Feet B. M.

1908 1,226,757,365

1909 1,091,164,710

1910 927,933,291

1911 972,596,685

1912 942,545,269

1913 851,391,367

104 Fourth Annual Report of the

Forest Product 1913

Number

Lumber Feet B. M. of Mills

Spruce 35,492,950 325

Hemlock 121,867,000 1,481

Pine 66,200,650 1,028

Maple 71,553,900 1,172

Bircli 28,568,950 549

Beech 40,313,250 821

Basswood 24,818,294 1,183

Oak 24,788,250 871

Chestnut 16,683,700 577

Elm 11,016,425 758

Ash 9,927,700 927

Poplar . . : 1,364,525 202

Hickory 1,298,120 255

Cherry . 2,856,700 381

Balsam 360,900 10

Cucumber 204,750 15

Butternut 69,225 21

Cedar 21,900 4

Willow 59,550 6

Locust 180,450 12

Tamarack 23,750 8

Black walnut 12,300 5

Sycamore 5,000 3

Ironwood 1,600 5

Gum - 29,000 2

Total 457,718,839

717,072 cords, equivalent, B. M.. . 393,672,528

Grand total 851,391,367

Conservation Commission 105

Kound Wood : Cords

For excelsior, kilns, alcohol, etc 258,703

Piilpwood :

Spruce 327,905

Hemlock ^ 38,078

Balsam 42,930

Poplar 43,981

Basswood 5,475

458,369

Total 717,072

Pieces

Shingles 22,614,750

Lath 23,823,440

Heading 9,715,500

Staves 49,571,300

Eailroad ties 759,687

Posts 466,965

Poles 68,152

Figures as such mean little, but they enable important facts to
be deduced. Attention is drawn to the rapidly decreasing cut of
forest products in this State. The comparison would be many-
times greater if the product of a half century ago were taken.
Another comparison could be drawn showing our rapidly increas-
ing consumption. Decreasing supply and increasing demands
mean rapid exhaustion.

As a people who are interested in the future of our State, these
are facts we must carefully consider. We must chana-e our idea
of the forests. We must see the forest as a growing wood crop
and, what is more, treat it as such. Forestry is not sentiment,
it is business. Tt is growing wood crops. We not only thus secure
and assure a future wood supply, which is so necessary to us as a
State, but also derive numerous and incalculable benefits, such

106 FouKTH Annual Report of the

as protection to our watersheds, profitable use for poorer soils ; we
afford a game cover, add to the appearance of the community, and
secure raw materials and a field for employment of labor and
support of industries.

EXTENSION

*

In accordance with our past policy, we have endeavored to meet
requests for information in regard to forestry questions. This in-
formation has been circulated by means of correspondence,
pamphlets, exhibitions and lectures.

There are thousands of land owners who do not realize the
profit that might come to them through the proper use of their
non-agricultural lands. There are benefits that they might enjoy
through the provisions of the tax laws, which we administer.
Such benefits would accrue not alone to these people, but to the
whole State. We felt that the best way to interest this class of
people was by a small and inexpensive exhibit at various agri-
cultural fairs. We, therefore, arranged exhibits and had a com-
petent man at twenty-seven such fairs together with a demonstra-
tion of a small forest plantation and planting stock. The general
forestry work was explained by means of charts. Circulars giving
information in regard to reforesting, selection and purchase of
trees, and provisions of the Tax Law were distributed.

The fairs selected were held in localities where the application
of our exhibit was possible, and an attempt was made to cover the
entire State as far as possible. The exhibits were made as
follows :

August 11-14. Oswego County Fair at Fulton.

August 11-13. Silver Lake Agricultural Fair at Perry.

August 18-21. Cortland County Fair at Cortland.

August 18-20. Albany County Fair at Altamont.

August 18-21. Kensselaer County Fair at Troy.

August 25-28. Orange County Fair at Middletown.

August 24-28. Saratoga County Fair at Ballston.

August 25-28. Essex County Fair at Westport.

Aug. 31-Sep. 4. Oswegatchie Agricultural Fair at Ogdens-

burgh.
September 1-4. Tioga County Fair at Owego.

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION 107

September l-i. Wellsville Agricultural Fair at Wellsville.
September 1-4. Delaware Valley Fair at Walton.
September 1-4. Warren County Fair at Warrensburgh.
September 7-11. Chemung County Fair at Elmira.
September 7-11. Clean Agricultural Fair at Glean.
September 8-11. Boonville Agricultural Fair at Boonville.
September 7-11. Columbia County Fair at Chatham.
September 7-11. Clinton County Fair at Plattsburgh.
September 16-19. Genesee County Fair at Batavia.
September 15-18. St. Lawrence County Fair at Canton.
September 15-18. Franklin County Fair at Malone.
September 22-26. Queens County Fair at Mineola.
September 22-25. Erie County Fair at Hamburgh.
September 21-25. Cobleskill Agricultural Fair at Cobleskill.
September 29-Gctober 2. Binghamton Industrial Exposition
at Binghamton.

September 29-Gctober 3. Montgomery County Fair at Fonda.
'September 7-19. Eochester Industrial Exposition at Eochester.

It is too soon to measure the results of this effort. We found
much interest taken, secured names of interested parties, and sold
a large quantity of trees.

A bulletin on forest fires has been issued during the year. It
has served the purpose admirably and residents have evinced
much interest in this important work. We have prepared the
manuscript for two bulletins relative to the Forest Preserve. Gur
supply of Bulletin 7, " -Shade Trees," and Bulletin 9, " Farm
Woodlot," has been entirely distributed and new editions should
be printed. We have also issued a poster for use at Farmers'
Institutes and other gatherings of this kind.

REFORESTATION

The actual reforestation of our idle non-agricultural lands has
been pushed with increased vigor, and greater progress has been
made. The inventory of the nurseries shows an increase in quan-
tity; the purchase by private owners indicates a continued and
increased interest; the consumption by State institutions has
reached a fieiire not heretofore attained : while the reforestation

108 Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

l)y us of the denuded lands in the Forest Preserve has on but one
occasion (1912) been equalled, while other years show but a small
portion of such a large area planted.

NUESERIES

The same nurseries were in operation as in 1913. The only
increase in extent is at Saratoga where a small additional area
was made available. We are endeavoring to place all of our
nurseries on a crop rotation basis, i, e., use the soil for three to
four years for production of stock, then apply a heavy coat of
manure and sow a soil crop for one to two years. This results in
far better trees, prevents deterioration of soil and maintains fer-
tility at lowest cost. This plan will not necessarily mean exten-
sion of area or reduced output because we are using a different
transplant spacing. We have departed from our former system
of six-foot beds with two-foot paths, and now set the trees in large
blocks about fifty feet square. We have changed the spacing from
three to one and one-half inches for trees in the row, while the
distance between the rows has been increased from six to nine
inches. The net result is that the transplant area will be in-
creased sufficiently to allow for the crop rotation. We shall have
a greater stand per acre and the new spacing will permit use of
wheeled hoes. These factors will decrease the weeding expense
and thus tend to lower production cost.

The inventory of stock on hand November 23, 1914, shows a
total of 32,182,600 evergreen and 796,100 hardwood seedlings
and cuttings, or a grand total of 32,978,700. This is an increase
of approximately 5,000,000 over the same time last year. The
inventory shows coniferous stock by age classes as follows :

4-year transplants 2,743,000

3-year transplants 7,320,000

3-year seedlings 676,000

2-year seedlings 10,109,000

1-year seedlings 11,334,600

Total 32,182,600

Conservation Commission

109

There will be available for sale and field planting- in the spring
of 1915:

4-year transplants
3-year seedlings .
3-year transplants
2-vear seedlings .

Total

2,743,000

676,000

5,320,000

2,109,000

10,848,000

Inventory of Coniferous Trees in Nurseries November 23, 1914

(All figures represent thousands of trees)

Name of

Nursery

KIND OF STOCK

Total

Sara- Sala-

Adiron-

Syra-

Com-

Chubb

toga manca

dack

cuse

stock

Hill

White Pine4-yr. Tr.*

600 563

46

8

216

10

1,443

White Pine 3-yr. Tr. . .

575 956

654

116

600

2,901

White Pine 3-yr. S.t . .

376

376

White Pine 2-yr. S

385 656

49

1,328

2,418

White Pine 1-yr. S

1,080 700

104

30

1,218

3,132

Scotch Pine 4-yr. Tr . .

35

2

37

Scotch Pine 3-yr. Tr . .

300 32

416

66

325

1,139

Scotch Pine 2-yr. S . . .

160 176

130

128

344

938

Scotch Pine 1-yr. S . . .

120 160

184

4

530

998

Red Pine 4-yr. Tr . . . .

24

245

269

Red Pine 3-yr. Tr . . . .

650 169

iso

26

450

1,475

Red Pine 2-yr. S

140 180

756

1,712

2,788

Red Pine 1-yr. S

144 105

700

2,160

3,109

Norway Spruce 4-yT. Tr . . .

160 62

528

244

994

Norway Spruce 3-yr. Tr . . .

300 45

631

564

60

1,600

Norway Spruce 3-yr. S . . . .

300

300

Norway Spruce 2-yr. S

30 522

805

1,936

3,293

Norway Spruce 1-yr. S

528 540

1,036

42

1,392

3,538

White Cedar 3-yr. Tr.

180

25

205

White Cedar 2-yr. S . .

12 15

6

105

138

White Cedar 1-yr. S , .

10 30

18

4

110

172

European Larch 2-yr. S. . .

100 330

28

64

522

European Larch l-yr. S. . .

126 75

60

261

Blue Spruce 1-yr. S

20

20

Balsam l-yr. S

1.6

1.6

Hemlock l-yr. S

8

8

Maritime Pine 2-yr. S

12

12

Maritime Pine 1-vr. S

67

3

70

Siberian Larch l-yr. S

1

4

5

Engelman Spruce l-vr. S...

4

4

White Spruce l-yr. S

io

2

12

Douglas Fir, l-yr. S

4

4

Total

5,624 5,431

6,282.6

471

14,304 70

32,182 6

* Tr. means transplant, i. e. seedling trees set at a wide spacing in nursery; the age above two
years indicates years in transplant beds.

t S. indicates seedlings, i. e. small trees in thick stand in seed beds.

110

Fourth Annual Report of the

Inventory of Hardwood Trees and Cuttings in Nurseries, Novem-
ber 23, 1914

("AH figures represent thousands of trees.)

KIND OF STOCK

Name of Nursery

Total

Salamanca

Comstock

Syracuse

Saratoga

Red Oak, l-yr

27
49
12
11
52
52

i96

39

24
10

86

ios

27

1

26"
.1

27

Red Oak, 2-yr

331

Black Walnut, l-yr

12

White Ash, l-yr

11

White Ash, 2-yr

199

Black Locust, l-yr

76

Black Locust, 2-yr

10

Carolina Poplar Cuttings

40
12
30

87

Carolina Poplar, Rooted Cuttings

Willow Cuttings

13.1
30

Total

285

269

222

20.1

796 1

Tree Distribution

There have been sent from our nurseries during the year 4,612,-
038 trees for forest planting, and 16,560 to State institutions for
shade or ornamental purposes.

The sale of trees to private owners was divided as follows:
2,387,125 for spring planting and 222,738 for fall use. The in-
crease in sales is encouraging. The report from planters shows
a very large percentage of trees succeeding and making a promis-
ing growth. The great problem at present is to interest owners
of idle non-agricultural lands and get them to reforest. There is
a tendency toward the development of municipal forests. Many
of our cities have already reforested large areas on their water-
sheds.

A very commendable exhibition of civic betterment was ex-
hibited at Saranac Lake. A lecture given by the writer called the
residents' attention to the barren and fire-scarred slopes of Baker
Mountain, which overlooked a greater portion of the village, and
showed them that it was possible to hide this defaced area by re-
foresting. The Saranac Lake Fish and Game Club immediately
took up the work, raised money and purchased 14,000 trees which,
with the assistance of the townspeople, were planted on a portion
of this mountain owned by the Adirondack Cottage Sanatorium.

There have been given to the various State institutions 908,025
trees for reforesting purposes, and 16,560 trees for shade or orna-

*•

t "^^. 'p ■*

.^i'

*»'

■">"),

■:./f -;)'

•,»•

1^-

r* V'

"t ■ ■

• "' J^

I'hdto. K. W. Goldnoth
Reforesting Baker Mountain — Work Done ky Saranac Lake Fish

AND Game Club

I'liMin. K. W. Goldnoth

Baker Mountain, Aeak Saranac J.ake, Denuded ky Iii!E

Conservation Commission

111

mental planting. The distribution will be found in the attached
table. There have also been taken from the nurseries 1,094,150
trees which were used in reforesting the Forest Preserve.

Reforesting State Lands

The supply of materials and funds has made it possible this
year to make a large planting upon State land. The work has
not been confined to one or two localities, as has usually been the
case, but plantations already mad© have been extended and several
new ones instituted. We have also done some planting in the
Catskill Preserve.

Distribution of Trees to State Institutions

'Quantity and value)

INSTITUTION

Forest Trees

Shade Trees

Quantity

Value

Quantity

Value

Willard State Hospital

Central Islip State Hospital . . .
Binghamton State Hospital ....

Mohansio State Hospital

Hudson River State Hospital. .
Middletown State Hospital . . . .

Rochester State Hospital

Ogdensburgh State Hospital . . .

Kings Park State Hospital

Women's Home, Osf ord

Letchworth Village

Agricultiiral School, Industry. .

Reformatory, Bedford

Craig Colony, Sonyea

Custodial Asylum, Rome

Dannemora Prison

State College of Forestry

Palisade Park Commission

Saratoga Reservation

Niagara Reservation

College of Agriculture

Stony Point Reservation

Malignant Institute, Buffalo. . .
Girls Training School, Hudson .

Total.

,000
,000
,000
,200
,500

20
6
1

19

7.5
143

86
405

65
4

46
1

15
4

,000
,200
,000
,025
,000
,000
,500
,000
,000
,000
,600
,000
,000
,000

$19 00

1 00
12 00

2 43
12 75

80 00

22 20

4 00

60 29

117 50

538 00

198 26

1,287 50

232 50

11 00

130 23

3 88

49 00

15 00

908,025 $2,796 54

525

675

2.800

1,900

600

4,000

36

125

335

500

3,500

1,564

16,660

$20 75

15 75
53 50
77 00
17 00
70 00

1 08
3 75

16 75
11 00
35 00
34 20

$355 78

The major part of the planting was done during the months of
September and October, although 75,000 trees were planted last
spring near Paul Smith's.

The fall plantings were made at or near the following points:
Beaver River, Childwold, Paul Smith's, Chubb Hill, Schroon
Lake, and Aiden Lair in the Adirondacks. Also Dunraven,
Oliverea and Spruceton in the Catskills.

112 FouETH Annual Eepoet of the

The plantation at Mountain Pond near Paul Smith's, which was
commenced in 1905, was increased by planting 100,000 four-year-
old white pine during the spring and 530,000 of the various kinds
of pine during the fall.

The Chubb Hill plantation, near Lake Placid, was also enlarged
by adding 210,000 trees. This planting was done during Sep-
tember and October and the labor performed by twenty-five con-
victs from Dannemora prison. The growth of the older portion
of this plantation is excellent. During the summer a committee
of the Wisconsin Legislature visited this and other of our planta-
tions, also the nurseries, and they were greatly impressed with
the excellence of the growth and the thrifty appearance of the
trees.

Planting was also commenced on a large tract of denuded land
near Childwold in eastern St. Lawrence county. The work was
supervised by one of our forest rangers. At this place 400,000
four-year white pine transplants were set during the month of
September. ♦

The reforestation of an old bum near the head of the Beaver
River flow was commenced. Another ranger set out 25,000 four-
year-old Norway spruce at this place.

There are several thousand acres of denuded State lands in
Township 30, T. & C. P., near Aiden Lair in Essex county. The
task of reforesting this large area was commenced this fall when
we planted 89,000 white pine and ISTorway spruce. The work was
done by twenty-five convicts from Comstock prison.

Another planting was made in the Adirondacks near Horseshoe
Pond about three miles west of Schroon Lake. Ten thousand
white pine transplants were set out under the direction of a forest
ranger. This is the third plantation in this locality.

There were three plantings made in the Catskills. Fifteen
thousand trees were planted by a forest ranger on Balsam Moun-
tain and 12,000 by another ranger near Spruceton, Greene county.
The planting of abandoned fields, which are a part of lands ac-
quired for the State Fish Hatchery at Dunraven, was continued.
About 100 acres were planted in 1908 and 3,000 more trees were
planted this year. The latter work was performed by employees
of the fish hatcherv.

Conservation Commission

113

Convict Labok

We have since 1912, when a nursery of live acres was estab-
lished at Great Meadow Prison, been using convict labor in grow-
ing planting stock. This nursery has since been increased in size.
It now has an area of fifteen acres and contains approximately
14,500,000 trees. The management of this nursery has been the
same as others. We have purchased all seeds, materials and
equipment, also employed necessary supervision. The prison has
furnished land and labor. The stock produced has been used the
same as if from other nurseries. All the proceeds from sale of
trees have been turned into the State treasury. The Prison De-
partment feels entitled to the fruits of this labor, and has asked
that we pay over to that department such portion of the proceeds
of sales as represents the convicts' work. If this request is to be
caried out, it can be done only by an amendment to existing law.

Prison labor was first used for field planting in 1912, when
108,250 trees were planted on the Dannemora Prison lands by
convicts working under the supervision of one of our foresters.
The result of such planting was very satisfactory and there was
an average of fifty-one trees planted per man per hour.

As has already been stated, two crews were assigned to us by the
Prison Department this fall for the purpose of reforesting State
lands. The question that naturally arises is the efficiency of the
labor and the economy resulting. The following table has been
prepared to show the comparison of convict and civilian labor for
^his purpose under similar conditions:

Comparisons of Convict and Civilian Lahor ■ — Tree Plavting

plantation

Year

Total

trees
planted

Total
hours

of

labor

planting

A^'e^aJze
number

trees
planted
per hour

Average

per
two-men

crew
ten hours

Hours

kitchen

labor

Hours
kitchen

labor
per M.

trees

KiT d

of
labor

Dannemora

Mountain Pond

Mountain Pond

Aiden Lair

1912
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914

108,250
100,000
500,000
89,000
210,000
100,000

2,151
1,583
9,662
2,220
4,002
1,782

51
63
52
40
52
56

1,020
1,260
1,040
800
1,040
1,120

*

312
1,130

760
1,410

t

"'3!i2
2.6
8.5
5.6

Convict
Civilian
Civilian

Chubb HiU

Convict
Civilian

Seveys (ChUdwold) . . .

♦ Data not compiled.

t Men boarded themselves.

114

Fourth Annual Repoet of the

The records of 1,120 at Seveys and 1,260 at Mountain Pond are
about the average of our former plantings. We have found that
two men would average an acre per day, which requires 1,100 to
1,200 trees. It therefore seems fair to say that the best of
convict labor will plant about five-sixths or 80 per cent, as many
■trees as the average of good civilian labor.

An examination of the planting indicates that this labor can be
used for field planting and the results so far show no particular
difiiculty. It is not to be expected that they would be as eflicient
as average civilian labor, and the progress which they made shows
that much can be accomplished by their assistance.

The real question is the saving effected. Under our arrange-
ment with the Prison Department, we were to pay transportation
to and from the prison, also maintenance and incidental expenses
of the convicts and guards. It is the practice to employ civilian
labor locally for planting, therefore the cost of field work usually
represents only wages. If men are boarded, the rate of wages
is correspondingly less and covers the average price of board.
The question of expense, therefore, resolves itself into the ex-
penditures in either case. The question of a saving is answered
by a comparison of these two charges.

The following table shows a comparison of expenditures for field
work, except transportation of trees. The latter is a variable
factor but not dependent upon the kind of labor employed to plant.

Coynparative Expenditures, Convict and Civilian Labor

PLANTATION

Total

trees

planted

Cost of

BOiRD

Cost of
Labor

Cost op
Trans-
portation

MlSCEI/-

LANBOUS 1 STiMMABT

Costs

Total
expense

Cost
per
1,000
trees

Total

expense

Cost
per
1,000
trees

Total
expense

Cost
per
1,000
trees

Total
expense

Cost
per
1,000
trees

Total
expense

Cost
per
1,000
trees

Mountain Pond
Mountain Pond

Seveys,

Aiden Lair

Chubb Hill....

100,000
500,000
100,000
89,000
210,000

3244 29
936 61

*

388 06
491 85

$2 44

1 87

"4'35

2 34

$252 27

1,440 70

363 15

t

i

$2 52

2 88

3 63

$116 36
26 20

si'so

12

S9 80
23 36
27 72
46 50
100 65

$0 10
05
28
52
49

$506 36

2,400 67

390 87

550 92

618 70

$5 06
4 80
3 90
6 19

2 95

* Men employed locally and boarded themselves,
t Labor secured locally and no transportation paid.
t Convict labor used.

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION 115

The average cost of plantations made with civilian labor was
$4.71, while the average cost with convict labor was $3.91. Be-
fore a correct conclusion can be drawn, it is also necessary to con-
sider the ease or difficulty of the several planting fields. The
conditions at Seveys and Aiden Lair were very similar, while the
cover at Chubb Hill and Mountain Pond were very much the
same, but planting was slightly more difiicult at Chubb Hill on
account of the prevalence of large stones and boulders. There
were some factors which increased the cost of the Aiden Lair
plantation, that could be avoided in the future. These charges
are estimated at $1 per thousand. If the convicts assigned to
this work are men who are familiar with the use of a grub hoe
and in charge of a guard who has had experience in planting and
is of the type that is able to get work out of the men, the cost
of approximately $3 per thousand at Chubb Hill ought to be
a fair basis and would mean a saving of about $1 a thousand in
reforesting.

PERSONNEL

During the year there have been many changes in our office
force. Of nine men who were employed at' the beginning of the
year, but five remain. I have already referred to the great loss
sustained through the death of David C. Wood, our chief land
surveyor.

Mr. Lester S. Emmons, who had been connected with this
Commission and its predecessors for a period of nineteen years,
resigned on account of personal reasons. He, from 1895 to 1900,
was employed as a game protector. In the latter year the posi-
tion of chief fire warden was created and he, on account of his
efficient record as protector, was appointed to this office. Dur-
ing a period of nine years until the office was abolished, he ren-
dred the State very efficient service. He organized the fire force
of wardens in the approximately one hundred towns and audited
aU fire bills wherein the State paid a rebate. This was a most
trying and exacting duty. He performed the service with dis-
cretion and saved the State many thousands of dollars. After
the present protective fire force was inaugurated, he became au-
ditor of fire accounts.

116 Annual Report of the Conservation Commission

Two foresters, Messrs. Frederick A. Gaylord and Robert Rosen-
blutli, have resigned to accept positions elsewhere. Mr. Gaylord
is now superintendent and forester for one of the largest estates
in the Adirondaeks, while Mr, Roseubluth is superintendent of
an institution maintained bv the city of New York. These men
rendered efficient service and knew our work and it is to be re-
gretted that this department cannot secure necessary appropria-
tions to pay them as large salaries as they can command outside.

The efficiency of our work depends upon continued experience
and training of our men, and results cannot be accomplished
unless men who know what is to be done and how to do it can be
retained.

Respectfully yours,

C. R. PETTIS,

8upt. State Forests

APPENDIX TO ANNUAL REPORT

OF

FORESTRY BUREAU

[117]

APPENDIX PART I

A FOREST SURVEY OF A PARCEL OF STATE LAND

[119]

INTRODUCTION

Any successful system of forest management must be based
upon reliable and complete knowledge of tbe property. Such in-
formation can best be secured by what foresters term a " recon-
naissance," or valuation survey. This means an examination of a
sufficient percentage of the area, under average conditions, to en-
able the forester to prepare a report of the whole based upon such
partial examination. This plan offers the most accurate, cheap
and feasible plan to secure reliable data.

The information gained as a result of a valuation survey cor-
responds to the stock-taking or inventory of the business man or
merchant. Timberland is the stock in trade of the operating for-
ester. He cannot conduct his business along rational lines unless
he knows what that stock in trade is. He cannot plan timber sales
unless he knows how much timber he has to sell, and its location ;
or improvement cuttings, unless the condition of the forest is such
as to warrant them ; or reforesting operations, unless he knows the
areas which require them ; or securing financial assistance for
operating the tract until he can produce proof to convince capital
that he is able to offer adequate security.

A valuation survey is the first logical step to be taken before
beginning to operate a tract of forest. Let us analyze what we ob-
tain from it:

1. A written description of the land and timber on the tract
which shows the various types and classes of timber.

2. Accompanying the written description a map which shows
(a) the location of the different forest types, their area and the
possible cut per acre; (b) the non-timbered areas, such as ponds,
lakes, swamps, burns, etc., upon which may be indicated the por-
tions needing reforesting; (c) and the topography including roads
and streams, which when considered with the location of timbered
areas and of markets enable the prospective operator to plan his
work in advance and estimate closely the cost of each step in the
work.

With tlie aid of an accurate topographic forest map log roads
or railroads can be laid out, camps located, and the whole season's

[121]

122 FouETH Annual Repoet of the

work planned and its extent estimated, without tlie operator having
to leave his office.

3. Stand tables and stock tables (see Tables 6 and 7) give a
summary of the number of trees and the volume of wood per acre.
These tables enable the operator to ascertain just how much timber
he will secure by cutting to any given diameter limit, and at
the same time just how much timber will be left to form the basis
of the future crop. Stand tables taken with studies of the rate
of growth of the different species of trees make it possible to learn
how long it will be necessary to wait until a second cut can be
had on a given area, and how much timber may be cut at that time.

The graduate students in the department of forestry. State Col-
lege of Agriculture, at Cornell University, perform such field
work as a part of their course of instruction. During the month
of May, 1914, a reconnaissance survey and estimate of timber
upon a certain part of the State Forest Preserve in the vicinity
of Big Indian, Ulster county, liew York, was made. The area ex-
amined comprised lot 3 of Division 2, and lots 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
Division 3 of the Livingston tract which is a part of great lot 7
of the Hardenburgh patent. This tract lies in a solid body just
north and west of the highway from Big Indian to Claryville in
the town of Shandaken.

The area according to the published land list, is 4,173.86 acres,
but in our work we used a strict horizontal survey which computed
gave an area of 3,429.04 acres. This variation in area is largely
due to the difference between surface and horizontal measure-
ment. An examination of the map which shows irregularity of
lines will explain other discrepancies.

The work was done by four students and one member of the
forestry faculty. The first problem was the location of the prop-
erty boundaries of the tract. Survey stations, to be used as bases
for running strips, were established at intervals of ten chains
apart as the boundary lines were being retraced. The plan of
such a survey is to gridiron the area with strips usually one
chain (66 ft.) in width upon which all trees which are to be
taken are measured with calipers at breast-height (4^ feet from
the ground) .

t/3

a

CONSEBVATION COMMISSION 123

The work is done by four men working as a crew or unit. Two
men are chaining and the other two are calipering, each caliper
man covering the half of the strip on his side of the center where
the chain lies. The head chainman has a compass and the front
end of the chain is attached to the back of his belt. He runs the
compass and produces a line from station to station. Such lines
are parallel and the result is a succession of parallel lines across
the area. The chainmen together measure distance and tally the
chains. They also note topography, location of streams and roads,
different types of growth and other items of value. The measure-
ments made by the caliper men are called off by species and di-
ameters and tallied by the rear chainman.

The north boundary of lot 1, Division 3, was run out and the
southwest corner of the lot located. The line was continued to
" Cone Rock," and this point also entered on the map. The town
line between Shandaken and Denning has been a matter of con-
tention. The State Engineer has, however, accepted the 1892
retracing of the Cockburn line of 1784 as constituting the bound-
ary between the towns of Shandaken and Denning. Cone Hock
is at the westerly end of the so-called Davis line of 1846, which
has been proved to be no boundary of any property whatever.
The to^vn line was not traced for lack of time; two points on it
were located, one at either end, and these connected by a straight
line (see map).

From the survey stations strip estimates were run one-quarter
of a mile (20 chains) apart, each strip being one chain wide.
These strips crossed the main ridge being almost at right angles
to the town line (bearing S. 30 degrees W. and 'N. 30 degrees E.,
respectively). All balsam fir and hemlocks seven inches and over
in diameter at breast-height, and all hardwoods thirteen inches
and over in diameter at breast-height, were calipered and re-
corded. The lines were run with a hand compass and distances
measured with a 66-foot steel tape. Eighteen such strips were
run, covering a total of 170,17 acres, about 5 per cent, of the
total area of 3,429.04 acres. The acreage was kept distinct for
the two types (see forest description) and for burns and cut^over
areas. Alienated areas were not estimated. There were :

124 Fourth Annual Keport of the

Acres

In the slope type 1,730 .48

In the ridge type 1,494 . 81

Burn (slope type) 131 . 57

Cut-over (slope type) 72 . 18

Total State land in tract 3.420 . 04

The actual estimating required two weeks, and an additional
day was spent in taking height measurements. Altogether twenty
days were spent in field work. If salaries had been paid the men
would probably have received an average of $50 a month* and
expenses. This is $1.66 per man per day, or a total of $166 for
the five men. Allowing a liberal $1 per day per man for subsist-
ence, etc., would have made the expenses total $100, a grand total
of $266 for 3,429 acres surveyed, or 7.76 cents per acre. For a
larger project, bigger crew and less rugged topography, the cost
could easilv be reduced to five cents an acre. The cost of the
oflice work came to one cent an acre.

The data were worked up in Ithaca for greater convenience.
The estimate sheets were tabulated separately for slope type and
for ridge type, so as to get the total number of trees of each species
and of each diameter. These totals, divided by the number of
acres estimated in each type, gave a stand table, showing the num-
ber of trees of each species and diameter on an average acre for
each type. (See tables 4 and 6 in forest description.)

In order to figure the volumes it was necessary to decide upon
what volume table to use for each species, to prepare a height
curve for the species and then to apply these heights to the chosen
volume table by interpolation. For balsam fir Table 41, page 55
of United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 55 was
used. For hemlock of the smaller diameters. Table 6, page 118
of Forest Service Bulletin 36 was used, and for the larger
diameters, Table 12, page 124 of the same bulletin.

For beech, birch, maple and the miscellaneous hardwoods,
Tables 2, 5, 7 and 2 respectively on pages 114, 117, 119 and 114,
respectively^, of Bulletin 36 of the forest service, were used. For
basswood and ash, it was necessary to adopt Table 29 of the forest

*One party chief at $1,600 per year; four assistants at $30 per month.

Conservation Commission

125

service, being a \-oliime table for yellow poplar. The height and
volume tables are given at the close of the forest description
(Tables 8, 9, 10 and 11).

These volumes were then applied to the stand table showing the
number of trees on an average acre of each type, resulting in a
stock table which shows the volume for the average acre of each
type and separately for each species and diameter. (See tables
5 and 7 in forest description.)

The following tables show how the final estimate for each type
was computed based upon the stock table for volume and the area
of the type as planimetered from the map.

Table 1. — Final EsmrATE — Slope Type

1,730 Acees

SPECIES

Per Acre

Full

volume

board

feet

Volume

reduced

15 per cent

for defect

board

feet

Number

acres
in type
(plani-
metered
from
map)

Total Volume

Board
feet

Per cent
of total
volume

Balsam

Hemlock. . . .

Beech

Birch

Maple

Ash

Basswood. . . .
Miscellaneous

Total . . .

14.51

403.08

1 , 257 . 53

2,698.84

1,348.23

56.73

202.81

6.96

12.33

342 . 62

1,068.90

2,294.21

1,146.00

48.22

172.59

5.92

1,730
1,730
1,730
1,730
1,730
1,730
1,730
1,730

21,321

592,753

1.849,197

4,086,983

1,982.580

83.421

302,681

10.242

5,988.69

5,090.79

1,730

8,899,178

.24

6.65

20.79

45.59

22.28

.94

3.40

.11

100.00

Table 2. — Final Estimate — Eidge Type 1,495 Acees

Per

Acre

Number

acres
in type
(plani-
metered
from
map)

TOT.A.L V

OLUME

SPECIES

FuU

volimie

board

feet

Volume

reduced

30 per cent

for defect

board

feet

Board
feet

Per cent
of total
volume

Balsam

470.92

6.96

216.21

3,730.96

620.82

329 . 64

4.87

151.35

2,611.67

434.57

1,495
1.495
1,495
1.495
1,495
1,495
1,495
1,495

492,812

7.281

226,268

3.904,447

649,682

9 18

Hemlock

13

Beech

4 22

Birch

72 90

Maple

12 18

Ash

Basswood . .

2.43
69.15

1.70
48.41

2,542
72,373

04

Miscellaneous

1 35

Total

5,117 45 i 3 ssa '>^

1,495

5.355,405

100 00

126 Annual Report of the Conservation Commission

Table 3. — Summary of Estimates (All Types)

Being the mercliantable stand on 1,730.48 acres of the Slope
Type and on 1,494.81 acres of the Ridge Type; a total of 3,235.29
acres. Based on Tables 1 and 2.

Total

V

OLrME

SPECIES

Board feet

Per cent
of total
volume

Balsam

514,133

600,034

2,075,465

7,961,430

2,632,262

83,421

305,223

82,615

3.6

Hemlock

4.2

14.5

Birch

55.8

Maple

18.6

Ash . ...

.6

Basswood . . .

2,2

.6

Tctal

14,254,583 ft.
4,4C6 ft.

b.
b.

m.

100

The necessity of such a tremendous ded action for defect is
explained in the forest description.

The map, which accompanies this report, is based upon strictly
horizontal measurements. Topography was adapted from the
Phoenicia and Margaretville quadrangles of the United States
Geological Survey. In future work of a similar nature, eleva-
tions could better be secured by means of aneroid barometers.
The location and names of the chief peaks is somewhat different
from that shown on the geological survey maps; a new name
(Mt. Leonard) has been adopted to distinguish the high point
of Big Indian mountain from the peak which is locally known as
Big Indian.

AU the original figures have been kept on file in the Depart-
ment of Forestry at Cornell University, where access may be

had to them at any time.

A. B. RECKNAGEL.

Ithaca, IST. Y., June, 1914.

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I-

FOREST DESCRIPTION

By B. H. Paul

The area covered by the estimate comprises lots 1, 2, 3 and 4
of division III and a parcel of lot 3 of division II, of the Liv-
ingston tract, in the township of Shandaken, Ulster county, IST. Y.,
all in the southeastern portion of the Catskill mountains. The
area is bounded as follows : On the north by lots 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
Division II of the Livingston tract; on the east by lot 5 of
Division III belonging to the Winnisook Lodge; on the south by
the towTi of Denning; and on the west by the to^vn of Harden-
burgh. The total area, exclusive of alienations, is 3,429.04 acres.

The topography is generally rugged with comparatively little
level land and many steep slopes. The height of the hills ranges
from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the streams in the vallevs. The
area is drained by the following streams : the Elk Bushkill, Cas-
cade, and Hanging-birdsnest creeks, tributaries of the Esopus;
Biscuit, Pine Shanty, Peck Shanty, and Rock creeks, tributaries
of the west branch of the ISTeversink; and the headwaters of the
east branch of Dry Brook. N^eversink and Dry Brook are Dela-
ware drainage. The Esopus drains into the Hudson, but is im-
pounded at the Ashokan dam and constitutes the main source of
water supply for ISTew York city.

The slope ranges from medium to precipitous; the aspect on
the north side of the ridge is mainly northeast and on the south
side southwest.

The structure of the Catskill * mountains is simple. The strata
lie almost flat, with slight dips to the west, northwest and south-
west in various places. Shale commonly outcrops on the lower
slopes of the valleys, but sandstones occur higher in the section,
and on the summits of the principal peaks the rock is generally a
conglomerate, very durable and thick. The flatness of the strata
is expressed in the flat summits of the mountains, a characteristic
feature and one that often interferes with the view. While the
valleys among the mountains are broad and open, their sides are
often cliffed to a notable extent for some distance. This is due
to the system of almost vertical joints, which are the principal

* See Bowman. " Forest Physiography," pp. 691-092. John Wiley & Sons, New York city.

[127]

128 FouKTH Annual Report of the

lilies of weakness along which secondary erosion and valley widen-
ing take place. Abrupt ledges are frequent and are often a
source of great difficulty in ascending a peak by unsual paths.
To the vertical jointing and erosion along the joints is also to be
attributed the successive steps which are common features of the
valley floors and give rise to numerous picturesque cascades.
(See Plate No. IV.)

Although the Catskills were overridden by pleistocene ice, signs
of which are everywhere abundant, the ice appears not to have
had any important effect upon the topography; rather, it con-
formed to the broad slopes, only slightly moulding them here and
there by the deposition of small quantities of glacial till or by the
erosion of the sharper forms.

The soil consists of a stony sheet of glacial till composed for
the most part of a sandy loam. In the valleys and on the lower
slopes it is of good depth, but becomes very shallow on the upper
slopes and ridges. Places are to be seen where the surface of
the ground is covered to a depth of several feet with large
boulders, the only soil being a slight accumulation of decaying
leaves and other debris. While in these places no water is ever
found on the surface, it can often be heard running through the
rocks a few feet below. Practically none of the land on the area
described is of such a character that it could ever be used for
agricultural purposes.

In the forest cover the following types have been recognized
characterized by differences of topogTaphy and composition of the
stand :

(1) The slope type comprises the area along the small streams
and extends up the hillsides to the steeper slopes where a cihange
to a certain extent in composition, but mainly in the form and
height of the trees, becomes very marked. (See height tables for
slope type and ridge type.)

The most noticeable change in composition is the dropping out
of such species as basswood, white ash and hemlock as one begins
to ascend the steeper slopes and the prescence of balsam fir and
black cherry on the upper slopes and ridges.

The heaviest stands and best timber are necessarily found on
the lower slopes where the deeper soil affords a more abundant
supply of moisture and plant food elements. On the lower slopes

Second-Growth Forest — Slope Type

Ridge Type of Forest

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION 129

iu places where the original stand has at one time or another been
removed, excellent stands of second growth hardwoods have sprung
up. (See Plate III.) Although such stands cover only a small
part of the area, they form a striking contrast with the over-
mature and decadent stands which cover the greater part of the
area. (See Plate I.)

The original stand found on the slope type was composed of a
mixture of hemlock and hardwoods. During the period of the
hemlock bark industry in this region, most of the hemlock was
cut, the bark peeled and dra'^vn to market while the bodies of the
trees, representing many thousands of board feet of timber, were
left to decay in the forest. The massive trunks of many of
these old specimens may be seen lying in the woods, now in the
last stages of disintegration and decay. A few of these large
hemlocks standing in the most inaccessible situations w^ere left
untouched (see Plate V), but their numbers were insufficient to
furnish seed to fill up the blank spaces, and the faster growing
hardwoods now occupy the area; that is, the stand now consists
mainly of beech, birch and maple, the greater part of which is
overmature and suffering from decay and which could be better
replaced by a more thrifty second growth. (Compare Plates I
and III.) '

Conservative lumbering could well be practised on this type,
since the character of the site is such that natural reproduction of
the stand could be easily attained under silvicultural manage-
ment. By so doing, this area could be made to produce valuable
crops of timber, whereas, the present production is, in all proba-
bility, more than offset by decay of the overmature timber.

At present there is practically no reproduction of the stand in
the slope t}^e. The removal of the overmature and decadent trees
would afford an opportunity for the beginning of a new crop.
(Selection system.)

The forest floor is in good condition, plentifully supplied with
litter and humus. Underbrush is not very abundant, being con-
fined to such species as striped maple, mountain maple and witch-
hobble.

The general distribution of the tree species found in this type
is as follows: beech, birch and maple are about evenly distributed

5

130

FouETH Annual Repokt of the

throughout the type, but the larger trees are found in the moister
situations where the soil is of superior quality. The ash and
basswood is restricted to the deeper soils on the lower slopes and
consists mainly of second growth which has come in since the
removal of the hemlock from the original stand. The hemlock
was formerly well distributed in this type, but now occurs only
locally. Balsam fir and black cherry enter into the composition
of this type to a very limited degree only. (See stand table 4.)
This type comprises merchantable area of 1,730.48 acres with
an average stand of 81 trees per acre and an unreduced volume
of about 6,000 board feet of merchantable material. There are
within this type also 131.57 acres of unmerchantable burn and
72.18 acres of cut-over land, making the total area of the slope
type 1,934.23 acres.

Table 4. — Stand Table

Slope Type — Average number trees per acre based upon 84.86
sample acres.

D. B. H.

Balsam

Hem-
lock

Beech

Birch

Maple

Ash

Bass-
wood

Miscel-
laneous

Total

7

.35
.18
.06
.07
.06
.01

.34
.31
.29
.31
.33
.31
.23
.15
.09
.09
.09
.07
.04
.02
.04
.04
.05
.02
.02

".'62
.05

"'.'6i
' " .'6i

4.07

3.75

3.91

4.13

2.85

3.31

2.66

2.07

1.41

1.20

.67

.44

.24

.16

.09

.05

.02

.01

.02

".'6i

3.88

2.95

1.79

1.51

1.14

1.32

1.24

1.06

1.17

1.15

1.13

.94

.69

.67

.61

.55

.47

.54

.44

.39

.21

.19

.09

.09

.11

.06

.04

.01

.04

.01

"'.'6i

2.17
1.62
1.06
1.07
.90
.75
.74
.72
.63
.61
.64
.49
.53
.30
.31
.29
.27
.22
.11
.09
.11
.07
.04
.02
.01
.03
.03
.01

.60
.46
.54
.34
.14
.11
.07
.12
.07
.04
.05
.02
.01

""6i

.02

.60
.44
.31
.29
.17
.17
.18
.12
.08
.12
.06
.11
.08
.06
.07
.05

■ ■ .oi

.04

' ' .'6i

.78
.64
.36
.24
.18
.14
.07
.01

12.79

8

10.35

9

8.32

10

7.96

11

5.77

12

6.12

13

5 14

14

4.25

15

3 45

16

3 21

17

2.64

18

2.07

19

1 59

20

1.21

21

1.13

22

1.00

23

.81

24

.80

25

.63

26

.48

27

.35

28

.31

29

.13

30

.12

31

.13

32

.09

33

.07

34

.03

35

.04

36

.01

37

38

.01

39

40

Total

Per cent

.73
.9

2.93
3.62

i

31.07
38.35

24.50
30.24

13.84
17.08

2.55
3.15

2.97
3,66

2.42
3.00

81.01

Yellow Birch Thicket o.\ Old Burn

Slope Type of Forest

Conservation Commission

131

Table 5. — Stock Table

Slope Type — Average volume per acre based upon 84.86 acres,
board feet.

D. B. H.

Balsam

Hem-
lock

Beech

Birch

Maple

Ash

Bass-
wood

Miscel-
laneous

Total

7 ....

4.55
3.78
1.74
2.73
1.06
.65

6.80
6.41
12.18
17.98
24.09
28.83
26.68
21.45
15.48
18.36
22.23
20.51
13.60
7.78
17.56
19.68
27.15
11.86
12.80

I

11 35

8

10 19

9

13.92

10

20 71

11

25 15

12

29 48

13

220.78

238.05

200.22

200.40

126.63

92.84

57.60

44.00

28.26

17.95

8.28

4.73

10.66

73.16

100.70

146.25

167.90

184.19

174.84

149.73

167.50

181.17

181.05

170.61

209.52

179.52

169.26

58.70

95.95

49.05

52.92

68.09

38.94

27.16

7.09

29.56

7.69

69.94

85.68

89.46

98.82

117.68

101.43

122.96

76.50

87.73

92.51

95.58

84.04

45.10

38.70

48.95

32.20

19.00

9.80

5.05

15.60

16.00

5.50

4.90
11.04
8.19
5.76
8.65
4.20
2.54

'"3;45
8.00

12.60
11.04
9.36
16.06
10.38
23.10
20.32
17.70
24.15
20.00

5.81
1.15

403.87

14

469 11

15

468.96

16

507 30

17

469 76

18

416 92

19

366 75

20

313 48

21

342 32

22

339.19

23

301 62

24

5.20
23.40

315.35

25

271 48

26

207 96

27

14.50
38.25

7.13

129 28

28

166 40

29

68 05

30

9.50

72 22

31

8.851

1

81.99

32

54 54

33

43 16

34

10.05

22 64

35

29 56

36

7.69

37

38

1

8,29

8 29

39

;

40

1

Total

Per cent

14.51
.25

403.08
6.73

1,257.53
21.00

2,698.84
45.05

1,348.23
22.52

56.73
.95

202.81
3.38

6.96
.12

5,988.69

The ridge type occupies the upper slopes and the tops of the
mountains and ridges. This type is characterized by thin soils
covering the upper slopes, which are usually very steep or precipi-
tous, and the more or less flattened tops of the ridges. The balsam
fir is well distributed throughout this type and, although this
species constitutes a relatively small percentage of the stand, it
at onc-e becomes prominent because of its regular form and de-
velopment Vv^hich contrasts strongly with the short boles and ir-
regular crowns of the hardwoods found here. (See Plate II.)
Specimens of black cherry are frequent but they are of too poor
form to be of any value. The remainder of the stand consists
of about an equal distribution of beech, birch and maple, all of

132

FouETH Annual Repoet of the

which are in a very poor condition. Many of the trees are dead,
especially of the beech and birch, thought to be the result of
severe winter injury some ten or twelve years ago, leaving the
stand in a very open condition.

As a result of the opening up of the stand a large number of
herbaceous plants have come in (see Plate II), also some moun-
tain maple and a considerable quantity of balsam lir reproduc-
tion now five to ten feet in height and well distributed through-
out the whole type. If not interfered with, the balsam should
in lime fill the open spaces left by the dying out of the hard-
woods, though it is not sufiiciently tolerant to develop very
rapidly in the more shaded places. Growth in this type is neces-
sarily slow because of shallow soil, lack of moisture during the
summer season and a high altitude, all of which contribute to
the development of short and poorly formed trees.

The maintenance of forest cover upon this type is of import-
ance primarily for the protection of water supplies and game.
Its value for the protection of the watershed of Esopus. creek
cannot be too greatly emphasized because of the enormous amount
of money recently expended by iSIew York City in building a
water supply reservoir upon that stream.

The general distribution of the trees in this type by volume
and number is shown in the stand table and the stock table for
the type (Tables 6 and 7). The type comprises a merchantable
area of 1,494.81 acres with an average stand of 86 trees per acre
and an unreduced volume of about 5,000 board feet of merchant-
able material.

Table 6. — Stand Table
Ridge Type — Average number trees per acre based on 79.91

acres.

D. B. H.

Balsam

Hem-
lock

Be;ch

Birch

I\!aple

A?h

Bass-
wood

Miscel-
laneous

Total

3.13

2.86

2.50

2.00

1.16

.95

.40

.27

.17

.09

.02

"ioi

.01
.01

"!6i

3.02

3.32

2.77

1.93

1.20

1.25

.06

.43

.30

.20

4.31
3.89
3.19
3.45
3.23
3.45
3.47
2.49
2.27
2.53

1.89
1.44
1.14
.87
.86
.89
.71
.56
.66
.45

. . . . .

";6i

"'.6i

1.00
.75
.42
.30
.25
.20
.14
.10
.12
.05

13.37

8

12.26

9

10.03

10

8.56

11

6.71

12

6.75

13

5.39

14

3.86

15

3.52

16

3.. •52

Conservation Commission

133

Table 6 — Continued

D. B. H.

Balsam

Hem-
lock

Beech

Birch

Maple

Ash

Bass-
wood

Miscel-
laneous

Total

17

.04
.01
.01
.01

'".bi

:::::

.15
.02
.01

'".02

";6i

2.25
2.31
1.05
1.45
.66
.67
.47
.50
.31
.21
.12
.07
.01
.07
.10
.07
.01
.01

.34

.01

.05
.04

"■.'6i

2.84

18

24
21
16
15
09
05
09
01
04

2.62

19

1.29

20

1.63

21

.83

22

.76

23

.52

24

.60

25

.32

26

.25

27

.12

28

.07

29

01

.02

30

.07

31

.10

32

.07

33

.01

34

.01

Total

Per cent

13.60
15.82

.07
.08

15.29
17.78

42.62
49.56

10
12

86
62

.01
.013

.02
.027

3.43

4.0

85.90

Table 7. — Stock Table
Ridge Tj^e — Average volume per acre based upon 79.91

acres, board feet.

D. B. H.

Balsam

Hem-
lock

Beech

Birch

Maple

Ash

Bass-
wood

Miscel-
laneous

Total

7

40.69

60.06

72.50

78.00

59.16

62.75

31.60

26.11

18.36

11.07

5.52

1.54

1.70

1.86

.40

";42

.58
.73

'i;43

■3:46

54; 78
49.45
32.60
33.40
28.35
4.22
2.40

'6!28
'4.'73

'264; 73

236.55

263.75

369.38

366.75

429.66

227.85

362.50

205.92

221.77

170.61

194.00

126.48

91.14

56.40

35.35

5.45

41.16

61.90

45.43

6.79

"'7.'39

1

'\\.h2

11.50

17.04

8.35

9.45

8.44

"2.'75

41.09

8

57 .'5i
56.64
92.72
72.90
62.56
49.68
28.72
40.80
42.45
28.71
17.70
34.38
4.10
17.20

"4^75

1

'.'.'.'.'. ! ".'76
'.'.'.'.'. ' i ! 73

60.06

9

72.92

10

78.58

11

59.89

12

62.75

13

360 . 94

14

391.68

15

424.47

16

495.10

17

474 . 36

18

493.54

19

264.07

20

407.91

21

254 . 65

22

250.48

23

188.31

24

233.11

25

130.58

26

108.34

27

56.40

28

35.35

29

10.20

30

41.16

31

61.90

32

45.43

33

6.79

34

35

1
1

1

1

7.39

36

37

38

39

40

Total ....
Per cent

470.92
9.18

6.96
.13

215.21
4.22

3,730.96
72.90

620.82
12.18

2.43
.04

69.15
1.35

5,117.45

134 Fourth Annual Report ok the

On the uorthwest slo'pe of Hemlock mountain there is within
the slope type an area of 72.18 acres which has been heavily
lumbered (See map). No attention was paid to natural re^
generation of the stand and as a result the ground is now oc-
cupied by a rather dense growth of yellow birch, striped and
mountain maples and pin cherry.

In addition to the cut-over area, there is quite a large amount
of land which has been burned over by fires. This area is now
covered with a thicket of yellow birch in the small pole and
sapling stages, other species being almost entirely absent. While
this form of cover will afford protection to the site, such a stand
is not desirable from the silvicultural or commercial standpoint
(See Plate VI). Within the slope type 131.57 acres of burn
have been segregated as being entirely unmerchantable (See
map).

There follow the volume and height tables for the principal
species. (Table 8: Balsam Fir; Table 9: Hemlock; Table 10;
Ash and Basswood; Table 11: Beech, Birch, Maple and Miscel-
laneous Hardwood Heights.)

Table 8. — Volume and Height Balsam Fir

Volumes based on table 41, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Bulletin 55. Heights read from curve based on 53 trees.

Volume

(board

feet)

13

21

29

39

51

65

79

93

108

123

138

154

170

18^

Diameter

breast-high

(inches)

Total
height
(feet)

7

35

8

38

9

40

10

42

11

44

12

46

13

48

14

49

15

50

16

50

17

51

18

52

19

52

20

52

Conservation Commission 135

Table 9. — Volume and Height, Hemlock
Volumes based on tables 6 and 12, Forest Service Bulletin 36,

Heights read from curve based on 13 trees.

Diameter

breaat-high

inchiea

Height
(feet;

7

40

8

43

9

46

10

49

11

51

12

54

13

56

14

58

15

60

16

61

17

63

18

65

19

66

20

67

21

68

22

70

23

71

24

72

25

73

26

74

27

75

28

75

29

75

30

75

Volume
(board

feet;

20
31

42

58

73

93
116
143
172
204 '
247
293
340
389
439
492
543
593
640
684
725
765
805
845

136

Fourth Anitoal Eepoet of the

Table 10. — Volume and Height, Basswood and Ash

Volumes based on table 29, Forest Service Bulletin 36.
Heights read from curve based on 156 hardwoods of slope type.

Volume
(board

feet)

Diameter

breast-high

(iDchea)

Height
(feet)

7

50

8

56

9

62

10

66

11

70

12

72

13

75

14

77

15

78

16

79

17

79

18

80

19

80

20

80

21

80

22

80

23

80

24

80

25

80

26

80

27

80

28

80

29

80

30

80

70
92
117
114
173
210
254
295
345
400
455
520
585
655
725
800
875
950

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

137

Table 11. — Hakdwood Heights,* Slope and Ridge Types

Eead from curves based on 156 trees for the slope type and 72
trees for the ridge type.

Diameter, Breast-High

(Inches)

Total Height in Feet,

Beech, Birch, Maple and

Miscellaneous^Hardwoods*

Slope type Ridge type

7

40 30

8

45 33

9

48 35

10

52 38

11

55 40

12

57 41

13

59 42

14

60 43

15

62 44

16

63 44

17

64 45

18

• 6.5 45

19

QQ 46

20

67 46

21

67 46

22

68 47

23

68 47

24

69 47

. 25

70 48

26

70 48

27

70 48

28

70

29

70

30

70

* Excepting Basswood and Ash, for which see Table 10 preceding.

APPENDIX— PART H

REPORT UPON THE RESOURCES OF THE
FOREST PRESERVE

[139]

CONTENTS

I'AUE

Introduction 143

Creation 143

Inventory I43

Method 144

Classification 14g

Area 149

Timber Resources 149

Camp Sites I49

Area I49

Description I49

Tables I49

Types 153

Timber Resources I53

Tables 154

Camp Sites 165

Extent 165

Use 166

Constitutional Prohibition 169

Forest Management 170

Reconnaissance 170

Classification 170

Location 171

Utilization of Timber 171

Camp Sites 173

Indirect Uses 174

Fire Protection 175

Financial Aspects IvB

State Policy 177

[141]

INTRODUCTION

The fact that the people of the State of New York are the
owners of a vast forest area larger than the State of Delaware,
but that on the other hand, they do not possess accurate informa-
tion in regard to the forests thereon or the value of the property,
is of striking significance. This Commission has during the past
year attempted to examine the lands and compile data as to the
resources of this great estate.

Creation. — This large tract of land commonly called the Forest
Preserve is a result of several State laws. The beginning was
made when a statute passed in 1883, prohibited the further sale
of lands within certain counties situated in the Adirondack and
Catskill regions. Two years later the Forest Preserve (includ-
ing these lands) together with a Forest Commission, for ad-
ministrative purposes, was created. The act of 1883 automatically
withdrew from sale approximately 800,000 acres of land, the
major portion of which had once been sold by the State, later
partially lumbered, and permitted by the owners to revert to the
State for non-payment of taxes. The Preserve has subsequently
been increased by other sales for taxes, direct purchases, appro-
priation and through foreclosure of mortgages given by United
States Loan Commissioners. The area now approximates 1,800,-
000 acres of both land and water.

Inventory. — There has never been a thorough examination of
these lands in order to secure competent data as to the quantity
of timber or other property -thereon. In 1902* an examination
was made to ascertain the general character of the lands alone.
In 1908 data was compiled for the ISTational Conservation Con-
gress and it was then estimated that the total stumpage of the
entire State v^as 46,060,000,000 ft. B. M. Other recent estimates
placed the stumpage on State lands at approximately 12,000,-
000,000 ft. B. M. These are the only previous attempts to use
figures as a measure of these materials.

The fact that the State is the owner of such a large property;
that there has been much discussion by the people as to its use;

* See Eighth Annual Report of Forest, Fish and Game CommisBion.

[143]

144: Fourth Annual Report of the

and, furthermore, that the future management of these lands will
be determined by the Constitutional Convention, made it a neces-
sity that more accurate knowledge be secured. We, therefore,
have made an attempt to procure and compile data of this
character.

Method. — The absence of funds for the performance of this
specific task necesitated that the work be done by our field force
at times when fire conditions permitted and in connection with
their other duties. The approximately seventy forest rangers
were instructed last August to make reports upon all lands within
their respective districts. A copy of the instructions sent and
blanks used are found herein.

Conservation Commission 145

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

259.0

Albany, N. Y., August 26, 1914.
To Forest Eangers:

We require reliable information along the following lines in regard to the
State Forest Preserve:

1. Amount and kinds of timber.-

2. Value of the material.

3. Quantity of camp sites, and their location.

4. General description of the land and timber.

Your careful assistance is necessary in preparing this data. In order to
secure uniform information, a blank has been prepared. We require a
separate report upon each lot or lots situated together. Will you be careful
in securing the information and preparation of your reports?

We require a report upon all state lands in your district. In preparing
the report give attention to the following points:

1. Lot number, tract or patent, township, etc.

2. All facts in regard to lumbering operations on the parcel. State
whether hard or soft wood was cut, or both. Approximate year of last
lumbering. Size to which trees, generally, were cut on stumps.

3. Full report as to fires. Year they occurred. If light or severe burn.

4. If various parts of the lot are of different character, make separate
or complete reports.

5. Make a diagram of lot and character of forest growth.

6. If the lot is covered with brush, give name of principal kinds of trees.

7. If land is open plains, marsh, blueberry plains, barren rock, water, so
state.

8. If the lot contains a cut of timber, give best estimate of quantity and
value as required.

9. The value required is the worth of the material on the stump,

10. Be sure to say if price is per thousand feet, cords, markets, stand-
ards, etc.

11. The matter of camp sites is important because there is the possibility
of the Constitution being changed >,nd permitting their leasing.

12. Give your estimate of what camp sites of one acre ought to lease for
per year, these figures separate for different lakes and ponds.

13. If there is anything in these instructions which you do not fully
understand, please write us at once.

This work is of great importance. It must be done carefully and con-
scientiously. A forester will be detailed to take charge of the matter and,
your work will be checked. We hope that you will be able to complete all
your reports by October 1. We will expect you to send them to us, as fast as
completed, every week.

We inclose blanks for your use. If you need additional supply advise us.
Very truly yours,

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION,

By C. R. PETTIS,
Supt. State Forests.

146 FouKTH Annual Report of the

INVENTORY OF STATE LAND Date

Tract or patent

CONSERVATION COMMISSION '^^P' ^^^ ^^^^^ ^°*)

STATE OF NEW YORK ^°*

Town

Report by County

History of past operations.

History of fires.

General character of parcel.

Topography

Estimated miles of shores of lakes, ponds and large rivers

Miles of good camp sites

Annual rental value of camp sites $ per year (camp site 1 acre)

Miles to nearest highway

Area bearing merchantable timber acres

Area bearing only trees too small to be merchantable acres

Area bearing no timber whatever (exclusive of water) acres

Area in water acres

Total area acres

Remarks

Conservation Commission

147

TIMBER ESTIMATE

Timbered area acres

SPECIES

Ft. B. M.; cords or
markets

Stumpage

value per

unit of

To+al

value

Quality of
timber

Spruce . .

Pine

Hemlock .
Balsam. .
Cedar . . .

Total Softwoods.

Beech ....

Birch

Maple ....
Cherry . . .

Ash

Ebn

Oak

Chestnut .
Poplar . . .
Basawood.

-.^a<f^#

Total Hardwoods.

Grand Total.

Estimated average cost of logging oq this parcel S per..

Note. — In column (2) cross out units of measurement not used.

148 Fourth Annual Report of the

The rangers were, generally speaking, men who were ex-
perienced in lumbering and log scaling, and familiar with the
tracts they were asked to examine. They examined these lands,
interviewed competent people who were familiar with the
lands and timber; secured knowledge of past operations; con-
sulted maps showing the burned areas and otherwise secured im-
portant and helpful information. It must be borne in mind that
this data is based upon ocular estimates of timber except in rare
cases where more accurate figures were available, together with
other reliable information. They incorporated the results of their
work on the report blanks. These blanks were again checked by
men familiar with the lands and the results compiled by a
forester.f We do not claim that the figures are absolutely correct,
but that they represent the best that could be done under the
circumstances and will be very useful.

CLASSIFICATION

The information secured has been compiled in three ways. We
have computed the area of lands of different character; the
quantity of timber by species and location ; and finally the extent
of shore front suitable for camp sites.

The Preserves are situated in the Adirondack and Catskill,
regions; form parts of sixteen counties; consist of nearly seven
thousand parcels; are bounded by approximately nine thousand
miles of lines; and are intermixed with several times their area
of private holdings. The area in its entirety is technically called
the " Forest Preserve." The portions which lie within the Adiron-
dack or Catskill counties are more particularly referred to as
either the Adirondack or Catskill Preserve. There has been
established by statute" in each of these sections a park which
includes the more central portions of these territories. The park
boundaries are indicated on our published maps by a heavy blue
line. They include both State and private owned property. The
idea of a park line has been to define an area within which the
State should, as a matter of policy, confine its acquisition of lands

t The author wishes to acknowledge the services of Arthur S. Hopkins, a
forester of this Commission, who carefully compiled data secured by the
several rangers.

* Conservation Law, sections 51 and 52.

Forest Preserve
Comparative Areas

lOTAL

i,8Ei,6i4.37 Acres

Merchantable Forest '66.1%

Non-Merchantable Forest 14.4%

Denuded Land 6.4%

Water 13%

^Unclassif/ed Land 0.1%

Conservation Commission 149

for preserve purposes. This explanation is made for the reason
that the sale of outside lands has been advocated by many and,
therefore, our data has been compiled separately.

Area. — The definition of the Preserve (Sec. 50, Conservation
Law) reads as follows :

" Sec. 50. Forest Preserve. The forest preserve shall include
the lands owned or hereafter acquired by the State within the
County of Clinton, except the towns of Altona and Dannemora,
and the counties of Delaware, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamil-
ton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, Saratoga, St. Lawrence, Warren,
Washington, Greene, Ulster and Sullivan, except

1. Lands within the limits of any village or city, and

2. Lands not wild lands acquired by the State on foreclosure
of mortgages made to loan commissioners."

There will be found on the following pages statistics and other
data showing the character of these lands.

Timber. — We have also summarized the reports and prepared
tables showing the quantity of merchantable timber by species
and by counties, also according to location within and without
the parks.

Camp Sites. — There are along our hundreds of lakes and
ponds ideal camping places, and the advisability of leasing a
portion of these areas has been discussed. Our study and tabula-
tion includ-es this possible resource.

On account of the importance of these subjects they will be
treated under the three divisions, viz. : Area, timber resources,
and camp sites.

AREA

Description. — The statutory Preserve includes not only lands
with forests, second growth and brush, but also denuded areas,
marshes, and lands under water. The first purpose must be to
consider the land from the standpoint of forest growth and
adaptability. The classification has been taken as of two gen-
eral groups, viz. : Timbered and non-timbered and then follows a
further delineation of each group.

Tables. — Table I represents the summary of the data of all
kinds in both Preserves and both within and outside the parks

150

FouETH Annual Report of the

Table II gives similar information for only the areas within the
two parks. Table III includes the areas outside the two parks.
It will be noticed that no parts of Glintonj Fulton, Lewis, Oneida
or Washington counties lie within the parks, and that no portion
of Hamilton county is without the Adirondack park. These
figures show that 75 per cent, of the area within the parks, con-
stituting 1,134,631 acres, contains merchantable timber, while
15 per cent, more (225,096 acres) is also forest-covered although
the growth is not of merchantable size. It is, therefore, ob-
served that 90 per cent, of the lands within the parks are forest
covered. A further examination indicates that 3.5 per cent, is
water and 6.5 per cent, is denuded.

TABLE I

Land Classification, Forest Preserve

Entire Area

COUNTY

Clinton

Essex

Franklin ....

Fulton

Hamilton . . .
Herkimer. . .

Lewis

Oneida

St. Lawrence.
Saratoga ....

Warren

Washington. .

Total .

Adirondack.
Catskill

Timbered

Merr hant-
able

Non-
merchant
able

NON-TIMBEKED

Denuded

Water

Unclas-
sified

ADIRONDACK

Acres

6,337.83

167,327.54

89,957.57

19,787.25

542,942.33

171,729.91

1,380.32

2,193.00

19,244.91

7,272.00

95,441.13

670.00

Acres
4,004.28
105,978.25

35,640.35
1,462.92

32,492.88

16,316.73
2,201.43
1,979.04

12,265.30
1,949.94

21,480.52
1,095.00

Acres

3,330.66

31,178.26

32,362.51

1,503.10

23,711.32

632.87

1,119.63

1,173.02

8,421.54

846.60

8,066.98

378.00

Acres

37,850.00

58,591.30

12,690.80

521.58

22,364.42

7,632.13

15.00

23,294.00

40,695.07

2.00

30,161.69

2,177.00

1,124,283.79 236,866.64 112,724.49 235,994.99
CATSKILL

145.81

145.81

Tot»l

Acres

51,668.68

363,075.35

170,651.23

23,274.85

621,510.95

196,311.64

4,716.38

28,639.06

80,626.82

10,070.54

155,150.32

4,320.00

1,710,015.72

Delaware

Greene

10,150.75
4,789.22

1,860.36

7,845.54

823.60

16,130.65

1,077.00
622.50
219.95

1,114.60

162.00
36.00

i; 328! 65

13,250.11

2.00

13,295.26

1,043.55

Ukter

65,314.33

121.60

84,009.73

Total

80,254.30

26,660.15

3,034.05

123.50

1,626.65

111,698.65

SUMMARY

Grand total.

1,124,283.79
80,254.30

1,204,538.09

236,866.64
26,660.15

263,526.79

112,724.49
3,034.05

235,994.99
123.50

115,758.54 236,118.49

145.81
1,526.65

1,672.46

1,710,015.72
111,698.65

1,821,614.37

Forest Preserve

Comparative Areas

Lands Outside Parks

3I3.E77.37 AcRES

Merchantable Forest <?2 %

Non-Merchantable Forest )2%

Denuded Land G%

Water 5^,5 yo

^Uncla55if/ed Land 0.5%

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

151

TABLE II

Land Classification, Forest Preseeve

Within Parks

COUNTY

Timbered

Merchant-
able

Non-
merchant-
able

Non-timbered

Denuded

Water

Unclas-
sified

Total

Essex

Franklin ....
Hamilton . . .
Herkimer. . .
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga ....
Warren

Total .

Adirondack.
Catskill

ADIRONDACK

Acres

Acres

Acres

Acres

Acres

164,232.69

97,889.55

29,723.13

2,432.00

244,277.27

82,555.57

33,495.35

26,842.00

11,676.80

154,569.72

642,942.33

32,492.88

23,711.32

22,364.42

621,510.95

165,766.40

16,014.66

570.65

7,632.13

189,983.84

18,730.91

10,278.00

7,198.68

6,695.07

42,902.56

1,860.00
82,482.20

37.00
11,539.25

472.00
5,794.88

2,369 00

i, 469. 69

101,286.02

1,058,570.00

201,746.69

94,312.56

52,270.11

1,406,890.83

CATSKILL

Delaware

6,226.50
4,789.22

749.00

7,845.54

57.00

14,697.40

56.00

622.50

67.00

1,077.85

"36!66
"54!75

7,031.5°

Greene

2.00

13,295 26

Sullivan

114 OO

Ulster

65,045.38

121.50

80.996 88

Total

76,061.10

23,348.94

1,813.35

123.50

90.75

101,437.64

SUMMARY

Grand total. .

1.058,570.00
76,061.10

1,134,631.10

201,746.69
23,348.94

225,095.63

94,312.56
1,813.35

96,125.91

52,270.11
123.50

52,393.61

90.75

90.75

1,406,899.36
101,437.64

1,508,337.00

152

Fourth Annual Heport of the

TABLE III

Land Classification, Forest Preserve

Outside Parks

COUNTY

Timbered

Non-timbered

Merchant-
able

Non-
merchant-
able

Denuded

Water

Unclas-
sified

Total

ADIRONDACK

Ciintc n

Essex

Franklin ....

Fulton

Herkimer. . . .

Lewis

Oneida

St. Lawrence.
Saratoga ....

Warren

Washington. .

Total .

Adirondack.
Catskill

Grand total.

Acres

Acres

Acres

Acres

Acres

6,337.83

4,004.28

3,330.66

37,850.00

145.81

51,668.58

3,094.95

8,088.70

1,455.13

56,159.30

68,798.08

7,402.00

2,145.00

5,520.51

1,014.00

16,081.51

19,787.25

1,462.92

1,503.10

521.58

23,274.85

5,963.51
1,380.32

302.07
2,201.43

62.22
1,119.63

6 , 327 . 80

15.00

4,716.38

2,193.00

1,979.04

1,173.02

23,294.00

28,639.06

614.00

1,987.30

1,222.96

34,000.00

37,724.26

5,412.00

1,912.94

374 . 60

2.00

7,701.54

12,958.93

9,941.27

2,272.10

28,692.00

53,864.30

670.00

1,095.00

378.00

2,177.00

4,320.00

65,713.79

35,119.95

18,411.93

183,724.88

145.81

303,116.36

Delaware

3,924.25

CATSKILL
1,111.36 1.021.00

162.00
1,' 273! 90

6,218 61

Sullivan

766.60
1,433.25

162.95
36.75

929 55

Ulster

268.95

3,012.85

Total

4,193.20

3,311.21

1,220.70

1,435.90

10,161.01

SUMMARY

65,713.79
4,193.20

35,119.95
3,311.21

18,411.93 183,724.88
1 , 220 .70

145.81
1,435.90

303,116.36
10,161.01

69,906.99

38,431.16

19,632.63 183,724.88

1,581.71

313,277.37

Forest Preserve
Comparative Areas
Adirondack and Cats kill Parks
1,508,337. Acres

Merchantable Forest 75 %

Non-Merchantable Forest 15 %

^ F N U D £ : I A KO 6. 5 **/»

Water 3.4 *» %

^Unclassified Land 0.0 1 y^

Conservation Commission 153

The figures taken as a whole show a total area of 1,821,614.37
acres divided as follows :

Merchantable forest 1,204,538 acres 66. 1%

Non-merchantable forest 263,527 acres 14.4%

Denuded areas 115,759 acres 06.4%

Water 236,118 acres 13 . %

Unclassified 1,672 acres 00 . 1%

Thev further show that 313,277 acres are not contained in
either park, and that of this area 69,907 acres have merchant-
able timber, 38,431 acres have non-merchantable timber; 19,633
acres are denuded; 183,725 acres are water, with 1,582 acres
additional unclassified.

The total water area 236,118 acres includes 183,725 acres
outside of the Adirondack park, while all of the remainder, ex-
cept 123 acres, lies within the Adirondack park. The large area
outside includes lands under water in Lake Champlain, Lake
George, St. Lawrence and Hudson rivers. The 52,270 acres of
water within the Adirondack park are the beds of many lakes
and ponds.

The lands outside the two parks are by no means valueless.
The tables show that 55 per cent, of the Adirondack land and 41
per cent, of such Catskill areas supports merchantable timber.
There are instances where such lands are very valuable and
should be used for agriculture.

Types. — It would have been desirable to submit information
showing the extent and location of forests according to their
character and composition. Such data is very useful and would
be helpful in formulating a forest policy. ]\rap?. which show the
location of areas according to forest composition, are called
" type maps." They could not be attempted on account of the
insufficiency of funds.

TIMBER RESOURCES

The amount, kinds and quality of timber found upon these
lands will be of particular interest to some, and of general in-
terest to all. These facts, together with the cost of lumbering,

154' Fourth Annual Repoet of the

determine the value of this State property. There are so many
factors affecting value that we have not attempted to make an ap-
praisal but have limited our eiforts to ascertaining the quantity
of each kind of lumber.

Tables. — The accompanying tables IV-XX show totals for
all species, separate summary for hard and soft woods, together
with itemized reports by species for each county. The figures
are further classified and indicate stumpage inside and outside
of parks.

Comparative Quantity

OF

Timber on Forest Preserve

%

Spruce

1

Balsam

V

Hemlock

VZ7Z \

Pine -tamarack - CEDAR

Birch

Maple

;o

V.

(y

Beech

y/ ///A

z

^

po »i.>»r«~

M ISC E U L. ANCOUS H ARQW-OOPS

Shows QUantitv^ outside the Parks

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

155

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158

FoTJKTH Annual Report of the

Table VIL— Tot^l SOFTWOOD Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

3,981

3,440

42,133

38,495

3,981

Essex

433,854
406,617

437 , 294

Franklin

448,750

Fulton

38 495

Hamilton

2,678, i74
705,315

2,678,174

Herkimer

25,176

5,085

8,189

1,166

26,940

12,846

342

1,000

730 , 491

Lewis

5,085

Oneida

8,189

St. Lawrence

72,277

6,133

179,339

73,443

Saratoga

33 , 073

Warren

192,185

Washington

342

Delaware

245

2,927
36,561

1,245

Greene

2,927

Ulster

122

36,683

Total Adirondacks

4,481,709
39,733

167,793
1,122

4 , 649 , 502

Total Catskills

40 , 855

Grand total

4,521,442

168,915

4,690,357

Table VIII.— Total HARDWOOD Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

3,220

2,479

20,571

44,614

3,220

Essex

239,974
554,784

242 453

Franklin

575 355

Fulton

44 614

Hamilton

1,696,415
316,668

1,696,415

Herkimer

34,011

936

2,833

635

31,068

16,952

302

4,119

350 679

Lewis

936

Oneida

2,833

St. Lawrence

Saratoga

Warren

Washington

46,222

11,790

169,735

46,857

42,858

186,687

302

9,503

2,327

117,699

13,622

Greene

2,327

Ulster

117,699

Total Adirondacks

3,035,588
129,529

157,621
4,119

3,193,209

Total Catskills

133,648

Grand total

3,165,117

161,740

3,326,857

Conservation Commission

159

Table IX.— Total Stumpage, ALL SPECIES, M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside

park

Total

7,201

5,919

62,704

83,109

7,201

673,828
961,481

679,747

1,024,105

Fulton

83,109

TTamilton

4,374,589
1,021,983

4,374,589

59,187
6,021

11,022
1,801

58,008

29,798

644

5,119

1,081,170

Lewis

6,021

11,022

St Lawrence

118,499

17,923

349,074

120,300

Saratocra

75,931

Warren

378,872

644

Delaware

9,748

5,254

154,260

14,867

5,254

Ulster

122

154,382

Total Afiirondacks

7,517,297
169,262

325,414
5,241

7,842,711

Total Catskiils

174,503

Grand total

7.686,559

330,655

8,017,214

Table X.— SPRUCE Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

2,461

2,490

23,626

15,670

2 461

Essex

299,278
190,235

301 768

Eranklin

213 861

Fulton

15,670

Hamilton

1,609,701
469,021

1 609 701

17,129

3,509

7,716

465

18,219
4,495

no

486 150

Lewis

3,509

Oneida

7 716

St. Lawrence

31,253

2,700

82,251

31,718

Saratoga

20 919

Warren

86,746

Washington

110

i,726
30,629

1 726

Ulster

30,629

Total Adirondacks

2,684,439
32,355

95,890

2.780,329

Total Catskiils

32 355

Grand total

2,716,794

95,890

2,812,684

160

Fourth Annual Eeport of the

Table XI.— BALSAM Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Clinton

Essex

Franklin

Fulton

Hamilton . . . .
Herkimer . . . .

Lewis

Oneida

St. Lawrence.

Saratoga

Warren

Ulster

Total Adirondacks .
Total Catskills. . . .

Grand total .

Within
park

80,367
99,921

498,980
122,215

8,001

793

57,506

1,684

867 , 783
1,684

869,467

Outside
park

507

16,010
9,931

2,327
433
116
558

2,008
577

32,467

32,467

Total

507

80,367

115,931

9,931

498,980

124,542

433

116

8,559

2,801

58,083

1,684

900,250
1,684

901,934

Table XXL— HEMLOCK Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

Clinton.

Essex .

Franklin.
Fultc

ton.

Hamilton.
Herkimer .
Lewis . . . .

Oneida

St. Lawrence.

Saratoga

Warren

Washington. .
Delaware . . . .

Greene

Ulster

COUNTY

Total Adirondacks .
Taal Catskills

Grpnd tot.al.

Within
park

50,838
109,507

520,965
113,821

16,241

1,640

33,930

245
1,201
4,248

846,942
5,694

852,636

Outside
park

500

390

2,325

12,809

5,720

1,083

357

15

4,418

1,920

97

785

29,634
789

30,423

Total

500

51,228

111,832

12,809

520,965

119,541

1,083

357

16,256

6,058

35,850

97

1 , 030

1,201

4,252

876,576
6,483

883,059

Conservation Commission

161

Table XIIL— PINE Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

450
560
172

85

450

Essex .

2,134
6,204

2,694

6,376

Fulton

85

41,571
59

41,571

Hf^rlcimer

59

Lewis . .

52

78

2,295

5,854

135

215

118

52

St Lawrence

6,772
1,000
5.652

6,850

3,295

Warren

11.506

Washin'Hon

135

Delaware

215

Ulster

118

63,392

9,681
333

73,073
333

Total Catskills

63.392

10,014

73.406

Table XIV.— CEDAE Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

63

63

Essex

1,005

750

6,957

1,005

Franklin

750

Hamilton

6,957

Lewis

8
50

8

St. Lawrence

10,010

10.060

Total

18.722

121

18,843

Table XV. — TAMARACK Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Essex

232
199

232

199

Total

431

431

6

162

Fourth Annual Report of the

Table XVI.— BEECH Stumpage M Bd. Et.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Essex

63,189
152,850

22

5,857

18,014

63,211

Franklin

158,707

Fulton

18,014

Hamilton

383,942
64,754

383,942

Herkimer

5,660

385

476

180

9,488

3,635

52

850

70,414

Lewis

385

Oneida

476

St. Lawrence

15,019

2,460

38,336

15,199

Saratoga

11,948

Warren

41,971

Washington

52

Delaware

1,935
372

21,624

2,785

Greene

372

Ulster

21,624

Total Adirondacks

720,550
23,931

43,769
850

764,319

Total Catskills

24,781

Grand total

744,481

44,619

789,100

Table XVII.— BIRCH Stumpage M Bd. Et.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

42

344

7,129

10,874

42

Essex

72,360
203,868

72 , 704

FrankUn

210 997

Fulton

10 , 874

Hamilton

684,925
163,734

684,925

Herkimer

17,001

165

2,000

153

8,865

1,461

45

580

180 735

Lewis

165

Oneida

2,000

St. Lawrence

11,765

1,860

26,600

11 908

Saratoga

10,725

Warren

28,061

Washington

45

Delaware

1,595

600

40,596

2,175

Greene

600

Ulster

40 , 596

Total Adirondacks

1,165,102
42,791

48,079
680

1 213,181

Total Catskills

43,371

Grand total

1,207,893

48,659

1,256,552

CONSEBVATION COMMISSION

163

Table XVIII.— MAPLE Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

101
32

6,585
10,775

101

Essex

75,124
197,262

75 156

Franklin

203 , 847

Fulton

10,775

562,493
84,520

562,493

Herkimer .

11,350

361

357

292

7,030

3,732

70

1,085

95 870

Lewis

361

Oneida

357

St. Lawrence

19,448

3,440

74,481

19,740

Saratoga

10,470

Warren

78 573

Washington

70

Delaware

4,825

891

34,072

5,910

Greene

891

Ulster

34 , 072

Total Adirondacka

1,017,128
39,788

40,685
1,085

1,057,813

Total Catskills

40,873

Grand total

1,056,916

41,770

1,098,686

Table XIX.— POPLAR Stumpage M Bd. Ft.

COUNTY

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clinton

3,069
2,044

3,069

Essex

27 , 699
796

29 , 743

Franklin

796

Fulton

2,747

2,747

Hamilton

6,519

6,519

Lewis

15

10

3,401

7,122

123

15

St. Lawrence

10

Saratoga

2,040
19,558

5,441

Warren

26 680

Washington

123

Greene

200
16,032

200

Ulster

16,032

Total Adirondacks

56,612
16,232

18,531

75,143

Total Catskills

16,232

Grand total

72,844

18,531

91,375

164 Fourth Annual Report of the

Table XX.— MIS CELL Ai^EOUS HARDWOODS Stumpage

M Bd. Ft.

county

Within
park

Outside
park

Total

Clint.nn

8

37

1,000

2,204

8

Essex

1,602
8

1,639

Franklin , , , , , , ,

1,008

Fiilton

2.204

Hamilton

58,536
3,660

58,536

Herkimer

3,660

Lewis

10

2,284

1,002

12

1,604

10

Saratoga

1,990
10,400

4,274

Warren

11,402

Wajihing+.nn

12

Delaware

1,148

264

5,375

2,752

Greene

264

Ulster

5,375

Total Adirondacks

76,196
6,787

6,557
1,604

82,753

Total Catskills

8,391

Grand total

82,983

8,161

91,144

The total stumpage is less than we anticipated. The computa-
tion shows 8,065,986,000 feet B. M. of timber sizes and pulp
wood. There can be no question but the figures are a very con-
servative statement of the quantity. It is a matter of experience
that ocular estimates when applied to large-sized timber are al-
ways low. A comparison of tables showing the contents of trees
indicates that in trees having diameters breast high, of from
ten to sixteen inches, a difference of one inch in diameter will
show a difference varying from 18 per cent, on 10-inch diameter
to 14 per cent, on 16-inch trees. The average is approximately
16 per cent, of the volume. The eye detects inch classes more
readily on smaller than larger sizes, and as the timber on State
land is generally of large diameter, the result is an underesti-
mate.

The tables show that 97 per cent, of the total timber is in the
Adirondack region; that 93 per cent, of the total is within the
Adirondack park ; that 54 per cent, lies in Hamilton county ; that
41 per cent, of the total consists of hardwoods, and 35 per cent, of
the entire quantity is spruce.

An analysis of this table seems to indicate that the figures are
not as high for hardwoods as they should be. The mixed x^diron-
dack forest contains, on the average, about 70 per cent, of hard-

Conservation Commission 165

wood trees. The lumbering has tended to decrease the volume
of softwood, but on the other hand, many of the larger hardwoods
are very defective.

These hgures include only merchantable saw timber and pulp-
wood. No attempt has been made to estimate material in small
trees that might be available for cordwood, poles, post, ties, etc.

The tables contain a vast amount of interesting information
and deserve careful perusal.

CAMP SITES

The constitutional restrictions do not prohibit the great forest
region from being used as a playground, a place for recreation
and health resort, but do restrict its use for other purposes. The
use of these lands for this purpose is extensive. The prohibitions
tend to temporary use and discourage fuller enjoyment and greatest
benefit. This is a matter of such importance that it deserves
particular attention.

Extent. — Table XXI shows there are 1,075 miles of water front-
age in the Forts Preserve exclusive of Lake George islands ; that
584 miles of this shorage is suited for camp sites. If the entire
frontage were divided into camp sites with 200 feet frontage, there
would be 11,600 available sites. The State should not lease more
than a portion of them, and if one-half were left as public camping
places there would still be 5,800 for other purposes. If we com-
pare the vast frontage upon these lakes and ponds with well known
bodies of water we will find that it is equivalent to three and one-
half times the entire shore line of Lake Champlain in this State ;
or seven times the frontage of Lake George exclusive of islands ;
or the shore line of Lake Ontario from Fort Xiagara to Cape
Vincent; or both sides of the Hudson river from its mouth to its
source. It is, therefore, at once apparent that there are sufiicient
sites for both the transient and a permanent occupant, also for
those who can and those who can not afford to pay a rental.

166

Fourth Annual Report of the

Table XXI.-

— Summary of

Camp Sites

county

Total
miles
shore

Miles
camp

sites

Miles

of
waste
shore

Range

of
rentals
per site

Total

rentals

25 sites

per Mile

Number

of sites

at

25 per Mile

St. Lawrence

35.75

2.00

32.49

373.85

4.20

25.00

1.50

204.75

186.70

210.09

14.50
1.50

12.08

231.25

2.75

25.00

"52;75

80.40

164.43

21.25
1.00

20.41

142.60

1.45

"i52;66

106.30
45.66

$5 to $50

15 to 20

5 to 20

5 to 50

15 to 50

2 00

'5 to "56
5 to 50
5 to 25

$3,746

615

2,601

165,126

2,770

1,250

"2i;378
28,115
77,765

96

Oneida

37

Warren*

301

Hamilton

6,029

Clinton

68

Fulton

625

Herkimer

1,323

Essex

2,011

Franklin

1,110

Adirondacka*

Total

1.075.83

584.66

491.17

303,266

11.600

* Exclusive of Lake George.

Use. — The present use is restricted by the following rules and
regulations which were adopted in pursuance of the provisions of
the constitution and the statutes.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Forest Preserve and St. Lawrence Reservation

(Pursuant to section 55 of chapter 65 of the Consolidated Laws
as amended by chapter 444 of the Laws of 1912. Adopted
April 30, 1912.)

1. Caution must be exercised in building camp fires and in set-
ting fires of any kind. All inflammable material must be cleared
from the ground before fires are kindled. On the Thousand Island
Reservation, where fire places are provided, fires must not be
kindled elsewhere. Fires must be completely extinguished before
they are abandoned.

2. Lighted matches, burning cigars or cigarettes must not be
thrown on the ground. Exting-uish them first.

3. 'So structures except canvas tents are permitted. Xo tent so
placed shall be leased. Any tent unoccupied by the owner may be
removed by the Commission. On the Thousand Island Reserva-
tion such tents must be pitched at least 200 feet away from any
public fire place or boat landing.

4. Dancing in any of the public buildings is prohibited.

5. Xo one may claim the right of exclusive use of any par-
ticular camp or tent site from year to year.

Conservation Commission 167

6. Defacing buildings, peeling bark or injuring trees is pro-
hibited.

7. No boat is entitled to the exclusive use of any dock. There
must be free access for all boats at all times,

8. Persons using the St. Lawrence Reservation must not leave
refuse on the grounds.

9. All persons will be held strictly liable to the State for any
damage done to State property.

Application was made to the Commission for permission to
erect, upon State lands, " Open Camps." The application stated
that remote and desirable places could not be ordinarily enjoyed
because there was too great a burden imposed in packing necessary
camp outfits ; that camps of this character could not be enclosed,
therefore were always open; that they would be built at private
expense and given to the State and thus not be private property ;
and that they would be subject to rules and regulations of the
Commission.

The Conservation Commission, September 2, 1913, duly
adopted the following resolution :

Rules and Regulations, Re Construction and Use of Trails and
Open Camps Upon State Land

Resolved, That the following rules and regulations be and the
same hereby are adopted in relation to the construction and use
of trails and open camps upon State land :

1. JSTo person, association or corporation shall build any trail
or open camp upon State land without first obtaining written per-
mission from the Conservation Commission.

2. The location of such trails and open camps shall be fixed
by the Commission.

3. Application for permission to construct such open camps
shall state the source of supply and the character of the material
to be used, and no such camp shall be constructed until the char-
acter of the material and the source of the supply thereof shall be
approved by the Commission.

4. All such camps shall contain a conspicuous sign reading as
follows :

168 Fourth Annual Kepokt of the

"■ This camp is property of the State of ]!sew York and is open
to the public."

Such sign shall be maintained at such camps by the person,
association or corporation constructing the camp.

5. A suitable fireplace shall be constructed and maintained in
front of such camp, the form and material thereof, to be approved
by the Commission.

6. No such camp shall be occupied by the same party or per-
sons more than ten days in any year, nor more than three nights
in succession. This rule shall not apply to State employees while
engaged in fighting fires. A copy of this rule shall be posted and
maintained in a conspicuous place at such camp.

7. The Commission may remove or discontinue the use of any
such camps at any time.

8. No building, camp or structure shall be erected on State land
except as above provided.

There are upon lands claimed by the State as the Forest Pre-
serve about 700 cases of occupancy of various kinds. These
vary from farms vs^hich are occupied and cultivated to small hunt-
ing camps or a few acres used for pasture. ^Yhere there are ex-
tended uses of the properties, the people claim title adverse to the
State and substantially all such cases of occupancy have been
transmitted to the Attorney-General for prosecution or determina-
tion of title. There are 406 cases reported, with buildings valued
at $276,375. It is fair to say that approximately 95 per cent, of
them are such as would be willing to execute leases. Nearly all of
these occupancies are of many years standing. We have secured
" disclaimers of title " as far as possible, and referred cases where
they could not be secured to the Attorney-General. We have en-
deavored to prevent further erection of structures and thereby
protect the State's interests. The question as to what should be
done with these numerous occupants of the State land has been
held in abeyance pending the voice of the people relative to leas-
ing camp sites. It did not seem necessary to eject them or destroy
property of a citizen if the people were willing to lease the privi-
lege of occupancy.

The question of administering these matters is important, and
will be further discussed under the title of Forest Management.

Co2fSERVATIO]N' CoMMISSIO:^ 169

CONSTITUTIONAL PROHIBITION

The present provision of article VII of the Constitution which
was enacted^ in 1894 reads as follows:

" Forest Preserve. — Section 7. The lands of the State, now
owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as
now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They
shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corpora-
tion, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, re-
moved or destroyed."

It was adopted when conditions were much different from what
they are today.

During the two decades since that provision was adopted im-
portant economic, industrial and administrative changes have
taken place. At that time there was but a slight appreciation of
the importance of scientific forestry; there was not a single
American school of forestry, and probably not more than five pro-
fessional foresters in the whole country. The forests were then
generally considered as something the maximum quantity of which
was fixed, and not capable of reproduction or increase by growth.
The area included has increased from 720,744 acres to more than
1,800,000 acres; our population has grown from 6,000,000 to
9,000,000 people. It is, therefore, apparent that the prohibition
was made at a time when there was but 40 per cent, of the present
area and 60 per cent, of the present population, and when the
quantity of material affected was but a small part of the whole.
However, at the present time, the timber on State land is a large
portion of our total forest resources. It is estimated that the
amount of standing timber in the Forest Preserve counties in
1894 was approximately 40,000,000,000 feet, board measure, and
that this quantity has decreased until at present there is not over
2.5,000,000,000 feet. It is estimated that in 1895 approximately
4,000,000,000 feot. or 10 per cent., was owned by the State, while
now the stumpage on State land is approximately 8,000,000,000
f.eet, or over 30 per cent, of the total in the Forest Preserve
counties, or 20 per cent, of the whole stumpage of the State. Dur-

* An amendment was adopted November 4, 1913, providing that three per centum could by
authority of the Legislature be used for water storage purposes.

170 FouETH Annual Report of the

ing this period a change has resulted in the proportion of lumber
cut in this section from about 1 per cent, of the stand in 18-94 to
approximately 2% per cent, at the present time.

This provision of the Constitution prevents any direct utiliza-
tion of this vast resource. The question that naturally arises is,
what more benefits could be derived if the Constitution per-
mitted ?

There are many phases of this question, such as the indirect
benefits of protection to watershed, regulation of flow of streams,
game cover, health resort, recreation grounds, and aesthetic value ;
the possible commercial returns which are now lost but might be
derived; the increased benefits which might accrue through les-
sened restrictions; the demands of the State upon this area as a
source of wood supply; the adoption of a policy which will be
beneficial to these regions ; the efficient administration and honest
enforcement of the forest law; the increase of the preserve and
its better protection through funds derived from a wider use.
These, and the future management of this territory, are all ques-
tions which should be carefully considered.

FOREST MANAGEMENT

The proper use of this great area means more to the people
of this State than can be briefly stated. There are honest
differences of opinion as to whether any modification should be
made in the present Constitution. If we could be assured of
honest and efficient administration, then changes could be favor-
ably considered. In order to present facts which are important we
will assume for the purpose that whatever is attempted will be
done properly and by people who are thoroughly trained for the
work.

Reconnaissance. — The first step should be a careful examina-
tion of the forested area. The work should be done and data
procured similar to that found in Appendix I of this report, en-
titled "A Forest Survey of a Parcel of State Land." This will
give accurate information as to the location of forests, their com-
position, the stands of timber, the types of growth, and will pro-
vide information as a basis for planning operations.

Classification. — The second step should be a delineation of the
lands into two kinds : First, protective forests on mountain tops

Conservation Commission 171

and steep slopes together with areas around certain bodies of water
which should not be lumbered. Second, the less abrupt and more
remote areas which could be lumbered conservatively.

A classification of this character would probably result in
200,000 acres being retained for protective forests and about
1,000,000 being used for wood production. The revenue from the
former would be derived from leasing of camp sites, while from
the latter it would come from the sale of mature, dead and down
timber and from trees which should be cut in order to permit
proper growth of younger trees.

Location. — There are, as already noted, 313,277 acres of the
preserve which are outside the two parks. This area includes
183,725 acres of land under water, leaving a balance of 129,552
acres of land of varying character. This area of land is con-
tained in 1,166 separate parcels exclusive of the islands in Lake
George or lands under water. They do not perform a true func-
tion as a " Forest Preserve." The areas vary from a fractional
part of an acre to tracts of a thousand acres. A few are so situ-
ated that they could be used for forestry purposes, but fully
90 per cent, of the parcels are small, isolated, often difficult to
locate accurately, and difficult and expensive to protect. As a
matter of policy it would seem more desirable to dispose of these
outlying areas and acquire other land within the parks. This
will result in consolidating present holdings, reduce administrative
expense and have the same investment and area better serve its
purpose.

Utilization of Timber. — The compilation shows that there was
found upon the 1,585,496 acres 8,065,986,000 feet B. M. of mer-
chantable material. This timber is all upon the 1,204,538 acres
classified as merchantable forest area. The average acre of such
lands, therefore, contains about 6,700 feet B. M. of material.

There are included in this amount both mature and immature
trees. There are large areas of virgin forests (estimated 70,000
acres), also extensive areas of lumbered lands (estimated 1,130,-
000 acres) upon which the greater proportion of timber is mature
and is not increasing in volume or value. There are other areas
covered with poplar, a tree that reaches maturity in a compara-
tively short time, which is very valuable for pulp and other pur-

172 Fourth Annual Repoet of the

poses that not only will not further increase in value or volume,
but will deteriorate and become a total loss if not utilized within
a few years after reaching maturity. When these trees die they
fall to the ground and greatly increase the fire hazard. The lands
containing mature timber are not accumulating wood growth be-
cause, on the average, decay equals growth.

The proper use of this great area is a matter of vital import-
ance. The constitutional inhibition practically prevents any
direct use, except for camping, hunting and fishing. The entire
wood production on the mature areas is at present a total loss
because there is no utilization of the larger trees. If we assume
that the average annual growth should be 200 feet per acre per
annum then the annual growth on the merchantable forest areas
alone would approximate 240,000,000 feet B. M. Once the land
is placed under systematic forest management, this amount could
be secured annually without reducing the forest itself. It means
taking the interest on the wood principal. The quantity would
be further increased by ultimate growth on what are now non-mer-
chantable areas and through reforesting of denuded lands.

Figures, e. g., 240,000,000 feet B. M., as such, do not convey
their full significance. This represents nearly one-third the en-
tire lumber cut of the State. If cut into inch boards there would
be sufficient lumber to build a board walk 150 feet in width from
Albanv to Buffalo.

The present system does not best provide a future supply of
timber. If the annual increment were utilized it would tend to
increase forest preservation by reducing the demands upon other
areas. Price is regulated by supply and demand ; therefore, de-
creased production of timber causes higher price, and the in-
creased price tempts the owner to harvest his forest crop.

The timber cut of the State is decreasing. It has been reduced
from one and one-quarter billion feet in 1908 to less than one
billion feet in 1912. The cut of spruce in one of the largest
counties has decreased from approximately 24.000.000 in 1910
to less than half that amount in 1912. The present lumber cut of
the State is an enforced one. The portable mills are manu-
facturing what the larger operators are unable to secure. The cut
is approximately five times as much as the annual gro-^iih, and

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CONSEEVATION COMMISSION ] 73

consumption is at least sixteen times the growth. The question
of the source of supply of our necessary wood materials is one that
must be seriously considered. Our demands are great and, under
present methods, will soon lead to exhaustion, but if the resources
of the State are properly developed the necessary supply can be
produced.

The present use of the Forest Preserve is protective and
aesthetic. The practice of proper forestry methods will not affect
either use. The effect of lumbering operations under such prac-
tice as conducted on the parks of Dr. Webb or the Whitney estate
are scarcely visible today. These forests have cleaner floors and
are freer from debris than similar areas on the State land, in fact
such operations have improved the appearance, the dead, down
and diseased trees having been removed.

Only a few people appreciate the fact that nearly all the mer-
chantable material in a forest is contained in a few of the larger
trees. The larger trees are but a small proportion of the whole
stand, therefore, their removal does not injure the forest cover.

There are instances when large quantities of timber upon State
lands have been injured by fire but the particular Commissions
charged with administration of the property, acting under
opinions of the Attorney-General,- have not been able to utilize the
material. There are other cases where valuable material cut in
trespass cases has been left to decay because the Constitution
semed to prohibit the utilization. There are similarly quantities
of dead and down timber that cannot be removed. Such material
left upon the ground does not result in any value that the State
might secure through indirect benefit. In fact, fire-killed or
cut trees are an incentive for trespass and increase the protective
work. On the other hand, any provision for limiting the sale of
timber to fire-killed trees would be a great incentive to a would-be
purchaser to cause fire in order to force the cutting.

If the restriction is to be modified the modification should not
be limited to fire-killed trees. If only dead and down trees arc
permitted to be removed the cutting of roads for removal will be
so out of proportion to the value of material and utilization that
there will be no profit or benefit derived by the State.

Camp Sites. — We have already called attention to the fact that

174 Fourth Annual Report of the

there are approximately 580 miles of shore line suitable for camp-
ing purposes. There is a distinct demand by the people for
peiinanent rather than temporary use of these lands. i\.t present
only tents with board floors are permitted. They are sufticient
for the transient but the person who desires to spend a few weeks,
especially with a family, requires, in order to secure proper en-
joyment, a structure that affords better protection and will allow
housing of equipment during the remainder of the year.

A demand has, therefore, been developing that the State lease
small parcels of land for a period of years for that purpose.

The State is now maintaining this vast area at a large expense
and such use would detract little, if any, from the demands made
by the State upon this area. The general opinion seems to be
that a permanent occupant, contrasted with a transient, would
become a better protector of the forests, fish and game, that the
investment made as a result of the lease would create in the lessee
a personal, permanent interest in protection of the forests from
trespass or fire, an assurance that the fishing in the body of water
upon which he was camping would not be injured by illegal
methods, nor game similarly taken.

There can be no question that such use would produce a
revenue, although there would be required an initial investment
for surveys and organization.

There are questions, such as the size of parcel ; period of lease ;
proportion of sites, on a particular body of water, to be used;
amount of rental to be charged ; restriction to be imposed ; supply
of wood for fuel ; and doubtless others which must be considered.
They are largely administrative problems, but some of them are
so broad that they affect State policy.

Indirect Uses. — The fact that many of our important rivers
have their headwaters in the Adirondack and Catskill region and
that forest cover has a beneficial effect in regulating the flow
of streams coupled with numerous other previously enumerated
functions makes the preservation of forests within this area of
great importance to the State. It is a factor which, as a matter
of State policy, deserves first consideration. The really important
question is how much the indirect benefits will be reduced if the
direct uses (lumbering and leasing of camp sites) are realized.

Conservation Commission 175

There are examples, such as JSTehasane Park, the Whitney Estate
Preserve and others in the Adirondacks where lumbering has
been practiced conservatively and the forests have not been
destroyed nor the indirect uses sacrificed. There is no good reason
why a productive forest will not produce shade, have a " duffy "
floor, be a satisfactory home for game or protect the watersheds.
The commercial forests of Europe produce these benefits in a
greater degree than nature does in the Adirondacks.

The fact that forests on mountain tops or steep slopes are not
to be lumbered eliminates areas where the cover might be en-
dano'ered. The areas around our desirable lakes would be used

O

for camp sites and if proper rentals were paid would afford as
great a revenue as could be secured by lumbering. It would not,
therefore, be necessary in the latter instance to remove more than
the few mature trees necessary for fuel of the campers.

A forest produced and maintained under a proper system of
forest management would not be less advantageous from any
standpoint.

Fire Protection. — It is true that the slash consequent to
lumbering increases the fire hazard, but lopping of evergreen
tops reduces the risk to a short period. The present conditions
permit reasonable utilization and only a comparatively small
amount of slash would be left. As already stated, practically all
the merchantable material in a forest is contained in a few of
the larger trees, which form but a small proportion of the whole
stand, therefore, their removal does not seriously injure the forest
cover or produce a large quantity of slash. The operation will
necessitate the construction of roads, which will make the pathless
localities more accessible and thus afford quicker and cheaper
means of travel. These roads can also be made into necessary fire
lines.

The problem of fire protection is by observation station and
patrol solved in principle. There is need of much educational
work as a preventive, and extension of the system to assure
greater security. Appropriations even for such manifest needs
are not easily obtained, but a revenue from these lands would
make more intensive protection possible.

170 Fourth Annual Report of the

Financial Aspects. — The Preserve is at present a pleasure and
protective forest. Its restricted use makes it somewliat of a
luxury. It is difficult to compute its cost because nearly one-
half has been acquired through the non-payment of taxes. It is
fair to assume, however, that it represents an investment of ap-
proximately four million dollars. The interest on this amount
at 5 per cent, is $200,000 per year. The taxes which the State
pays upon this land amount to $150,000 per annum. The cost
of fire protection and administration is approximately $15,000
per year. The total carrying charge, therefore, amounts to at
least $365,000 per annum. None of these charges is reducible.
The expenditure for fire protection ought to be increased. The
cost of fire protection at the present time is not over one-half mill
per dollar of valuation. This is far below the average rate of in-
surance under less dangerous conditions.

Revenue is an important matter to the State. The fact that
there is a direct outlay of $165,000 a year and an interest loss of
$200,000 are not insignificant matters to the Empire State. But
we must add to this the value of the wood material which is
going to waste through non-utilization. We have already stated
that the wood growth even now should approximate 240,000,000
ft. B. M. per year and if we allow a stumpage of $4 per M ft.
this means an additional loss of $960,000.

We must again add to these large sums the amounts which
would be expended for labor in utilizing this growth. It has
been estimated that $16 for every thousand feet of lumber manu-
factured goes to labor. This means a loss of potential wages of
$3,840,000. There would be additional revenue from leasing of
camp sites, but this would be difficult to measure. If we assume
that 95 per cent, of the present occupants, or 380, would require
leases, and at least 500 others were taken, this would produce
a total of 880. If the leases averaged $25 each, this would yield
a gross income of $22,000. In a few years this sum would be
greatly increased.

The question seems to be: Does the State desire to continue a
policy which causes a direct annual loss of nearly a million dol-
lars and an indirect loss of four times as much, or does it desire
to place its forest property not only on a self-supporting, but on a
very substantial revenue-producing basis?

Conservation Commission 177

State Policy

The State policy during the past thirty years has been to pro-
cure a large area of forest land in our two mountain regions. It
has been secured by withdrawing lands already owned and, at a
large outlay, acquiring additional areas.

The constitutional prohibition adopted in 1895, after a series
of land scandals and deplorable trespasses, was an attempt to put
this land and timber beyond the reach of the spoils system. It
fully accomplished its purpose and is still just as effective. The
organization for the protection and administration of the Forest
Preserve has, during the past twenty years, been perfected and
brought from a meagre unskilled few to a complete force con-
sisting of technical foresters, surveyors, title lawyers, and forest
rangers. Lands and timber of the State were then looked upon
as public plunder, but today titles to property are determined
after trial of the case upon the facts ; wilful trespasses have,
through more vigorous administration, more efficient patrol and
better public sentiment, practically ceased.*

There are still people who would be willing to take advantage
of situations that might arise, but past experience has shown and
court decisions have decreed that compromises and stipulations
are of no avail ; that any such agreements will not procure more
than temporary benefits ; that they are illegal, and, therefore,
their purposes cannot be accomplished. These speculators are
not likelv to take advantage of the State when the results will not
be beneficial to them.

The first step in the adoption of a wise policy as to the future
management of this vast area is consideration of the purpose to
w^hich it is best adapted and what demands of the State it can
satisfy to the largest degree. It is on account of its soil, topog-
raphy, elevation and climate, a region which can best be used for
forests. It naturally follows: What demands does the State
make upon its forests, and which of these can this region supply ?
We have already recited the indirect uses, particularly in a moun-
tainous area like the Adirondacks where so many important
streams have their sources; the effect of stream flow upon water
power ; the health, recreation and game resort ; the source of wood
supply, and the aesthetic considerations.

* See annual reports of Conservation Commission.

178 Fourth Annual Report of the

We have attempted to show that good forest management which
will produce better commercial forests is none the less useful in
producing the indirect benefits. The more valuable and useful
the property, the more the people become interested in it and
demand continuation of the benefits. The fact that the State
makes this area self-supporting, at least, ought to increase rather
than decrease interest in the property and forestry in general. If
greater appropriations were available or an income could be se-
cured, better forest protection could be afforded; forest property
would be better insured against fire; the 100,000 acres of denuded
lands could through reforesting be placed under forest cover ;
additional areas acquired; more lands would be better protected;
and instead of having less we would have a greater forest cover.

There are important questions as to the development and indus-
tries within this vast area. Do we realize that an area larger than
the State of Delaware is being withdrawn from use by its own
owners? Is it necessary? How far can this process continue
without approaching dangers other than financial returns?

If the forests are maintained for the indirect uses alone, who
is going to blaze the trail, carry the pack basket, guide the sports-
men, fight the forest fires, plant the trees, cut the camp wood,
cook the food or get food to cook ? We do not want a wilderness.
It must be made possible for people to live and earn a living in
these places or there will be no " guides " or other people to em-
ploy. They cannot earn a living by guiding a few days during
the summer. Sufficient emplo;>Tnent must be provided for these
people. The State cannot put them all on the pay-roll. Indus-
tries of necessary and suitable kinds must employ their services.
In a forest country such employment must naturally be in con-
nection with the lumber industry. State land must furnish its
share.

Further purchase and consolidation of holdings would greatly
reduce the administration expenses. The immediate necessity for
surveys would in many cases be eliminated by acquiring small
interior parcels.

There are enormous investments in lumber, pulp, paper and
other mills which depend upon our forest lands for raw materials.
These mills and the lumbering industry employ thousands of men

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION 179

and women. The wages paid are a big factor in our industrial
life. This material is again used in remanufacture and more
money given to labor for making necessities of life. The future
of many towns and cities in a large measure depends upon these
forests. They are all factors in our industrial life.

Other industries are represented by hotel, transportation, mer-
cantile and allied businesses which accommodate the commercial
and tourist trades. These industries are not only of importance
in these sections but their influence extends outside the Preserve
regions.

This report may be criticized for absence of more exact in-
formation, but, as stated at the beginning, the method which we
had to pursue, on account of lack of special funds for the work,
does not permit drawing exact mathematical conclusions. The
preparation of this report is based not only on the field work done
for this particular purpose but also upon years of association with
the problem discussed and many other competent sources of in-
formation.

There are forest surveys and published reports upon many
large Adirondack forest areas (e. g., " Practical Forestry in the
Adirondacks " — Bulletin of the TJ. S. Forest Service ; Forest
Working Plan for Township 40 — Bulletin 30 of the II. S. Forest
Service ; "Adirondack Spruce," by Gifford Pinchot and Henry S.
Graves ; A Forest Working Plan for Townships 5, 6 and 41 ;
Report of Forest, Fish and Game Commission 1902-3). There
are also many unpublished reports containing available data.

The vast and far-reaching scope of the question, with its many
and intricate details requiring wisdom and experience for its
solution, is complicated by possible political influences ; but it must
be studied from all angles, each element weighed separately and
the final decision rendered as the result of a careful consideration
of the facts unaffected by sentiment.

Respectfully submitted,

C. R PETTIS,
Superintendent State Forests.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

[181]

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CONSERVATION COMMISSION

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

To the Conservation Commission:

Herewith I transmit to you, pursuant to law, the annual report
of the Division of Fish and Game for the fiscal year ending Sep-
tember 30, 1914.

Respectfully Yours,

JAMES J. FOX,

Deputy Commissioner.

December 31, 1914.

[183]

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

CHIEF GAME PROTECTOR

Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Conservation Commissioner:

SiE. — I respectfully submit herewith my report on the en-
forcement of the Conservation Law relating to fish and game of
the State of New York for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1914, which covers the work of the protectors in the bringing of
actions, together with the amount of recoveries of fines and pen-
alties, and prison sentences for violations of the Conservation
Law; also the amounts derived from different sources, such as
hunting and netting licenses, tagging of trout and imported
game, etc. '

In making comparisons with previous years it is very gratifying
that the statistical table which follows shows an increase in the
number of cases successfully brought by the regular protective
force, which prosecuted this last fiscal year a greater number of
cases than during the preceding year, showing a gain of forty-
two cases. This increase over the last fiscal year, the record for
which was the largest in the history of the State, again demon-
strates the strict attention that the regular protectors are giving
to their duties of enforcing the Conservation Law in relation to
fish and game, and with a very few exceptions their work is satis-
factory, considering the number of protectors that are on a regular
salary.

The work of the special protectors, except in a few instances,
does not compare at all favorably with the work of the regulars ;
but I will refrain at this time from going into the matter fully,
as I handle the work of the special protectors in detail later on.
It is entirely due to the special protectors, and not to the regulars,
that the work of the force as a whole shows a slight net falling off
as compared with 1913. (See page 17 of Commission's Report.)

Passing upon the work of the regular protective force, the

fl85]

186 Fourth Annual Report of the

average gross recovery per case is commendable, considering the
fact that all persons prosecuted are not fined, as there are many
suspended sentences and John Doe proceedings. I am firmly con-
vinced, from making comparisons, that the law giving protection
to fish and game is being rigidly enforced. The protectors who
are retained from year to year become proficient, as their record
will show ; and it is gratifying to call to the Commission's atten-
tion the increase that has been made from the year 1911 up to
1914, every succeeding year showing a larger number of cases
prosecuted, and showing a larger recovery of fines and penalties.
-Even with this grand total I believe with other game protec-
tionists that but a small percentage of the actual violations are
ever apprehended, as it is impossible to do so with the 125 men
on the force at the present time. I wish at this time, as I did in
the annual report of 1913, to recommend an increase of the pro-
tective force to 200 men, with an expense account sufficient to
enable them to patrol their territory at least twenty-six days every
calendar month.

One of the most vital questions now before the citizens of the
State is that of the conservation of our natural resources. I do
not believe that there has been any other State so abundantly en-
dowed vdth wealth of forests, fish and game as this our own Empire
State ; nor do I believe that there has been any other State where
the citizens have been more careless with their treasures, more prod-
igal with their birthright. The American people have wasted
their wealth of mine, forest and stream, allowing the wanton
destruction of the fish and game ; and only in the last few years
have they come face to face with the fact that if this great State
is to continue to be a paradise for the sportsman we must conserve
our fish, game, water and forests, to preserve our birthright not
only for our own comfort, but also for the coming generations.
I trust that the Legislature can be prevailed upon to provide
means for the enforcement of the laws that have been enacted giv-
ing protection to the fish, game, lands, forests and waters of the
State. In the past thousands of persons in this State have looked
upon the protection of game and fish as an insignificant affair,
when as a matter of fact, next to the agricultural assets of the
State, nothing can exceed in value its game, birds and fish if
proper protection is given. I know that the citizens of the State

Conservation Commission 187

of New York are beginning to be firmly impressed with, this fact,
and desire to see rigid protection given to the wild life of the State,
the maintaining of the hatcheries and the establishing of addi-
tional game farms.

AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW

The amendments to the Conservation Law in relation to fish
and game made at the last session of the Legislature are not as
many as in former years, but are of greater importance, as they
perfect the law and make it practical and more workable. They
comprise the following changes:

Section 32, which provides the punishment for a misdemeanor,
is amended making the imprisonment one day for every dollar of
the fine.

Section 159 is amended to include "fish and aquatic animals,"
and to allow the possession under a license issued by the Commis-
sion of fish, game birds and aquatic animals for propagation
purposes.

Section 165 increases the protective force twenty protectors,
from 125 to 145.

Section 177 allows any duly organized association for the pro-
tection of game to run field trials for dogs upon obtaining a writ-
ten permit from the Conservation Commission.

Section 181 is amended, allowing the transportation of quadru-
peds, birds or fish lawfully taken or possessed in one part of the
State as provided by section 178., and they may be possessed by the
taker in any part of the State for the same period of time during
which they may be lawfully possessed at the place where taken.

'Section 190 is cleared up, so that there will be no misunder-
standing as to the rights of a person to ship deer when he accom-
panies the same without the necessity of a shipping tag being
placed thereon as provided by section 178 of the Conservation
Law.

Section 191, relative to the possession of wild deer or venison,
is changed only in so far as it reduces the license fee for the
possession of venison until January 1st, from $5 to $1.

Section 198 provides for a slight change in the open season on
mink, raccoon and sable. Formerly the season opened on No-
vember 1st. The new amendment provides for the opening of the

188 Fourth Annual Kepoet of the

season on November 10th, the season closing the same as formerly,
April 20th.

Section 199 is changed, making the opening of the season on
skunk November 10th, to February 10th, it formerly being from
November 1st to January 31st.

Section 200, relating to the propagation of skunks, is amended
to allow the possession of all species of fur-bearing animals to be
kept alive in captivity at all times for the purpose of propagation
and sale, provided a license so to do is first obtained from the
Commission. The license fee was formerly $10, and is reduced
by the amendment to $5.

Section 201, giving protection to muskrats, changes the opening
of the season from November 1st to November 10th, closing April
20th. In addition to prohibiting the injuring or disturbing of
muskrat houses, it prohibits the taking of muskrats by shooting.
The prohibiting of the shooting of muskrats was done for the pur-
pose of giving a more high class fur, as a muskrat taken by shoot-
ing is only worth about twenty-five per cent, the value of one taken
in traps, even where the fur is of equal quality.

Section 214, relative to the season on pheasants, changes the
open season from Thursdays in October to the last two Thursdays
in October and the first two Thursdays in November, and posses-
sion is allowed during the period of time between the first open
Thursday in October and the last open Thursday in November.
Only wild male pheasants may be taken.

Bection 232 changes the opening of the season on trout from
the 15th of April to the first Saturday in April, closing August
31st the same as formerly. This makes the open season on trout
uniform throughout the State.

Section 234 makes a very important change in the season on
lake trout. The season in 1913 on lake trout was from April
1st to December 31st. The amendment makes the season from
April 1st to September 30th.

Section 235 makes no close season on lake trout and whitefish
which are taken in Lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake trout and white-
fish when so taken may be possessed, bought and sold, provided
that every person to whom a license is issued to take such fish
with a net or nets operated from power boats shall, when required
bv the Commission, furnish without charge to the Commission

Conservation Commission 189

eggs and milt from such fish taken by him during the spawning-
season. Such eggs and milt shall be taken by the Commission for
propagation only and shall be taken from the fish by the agents
of the commission.

Section 250 prohibited placing fish in waters that were in-
habited by trout. In some instances waters which had formerly
been trout waters had become inhabited by pickerel, and should
no longer be regarded as trout waters. The amendment proposed
provides that whenever the Conservation Commission shall deter-
mine that any waters of the State heretofore inhabited or stocked
with trout are no longer to be regarded as being inhabited by trout
or suitable for trout, the Commission may by an order permit
such waters to be stocked with any species of fish.

Section 251 contains an important amendment, as it gives juris-
diction to the Conservation Commission to prohibit fishing within
fifty rods of any dam or fishway erected by the State. Heretofore
it only prohibited fishing within fifty rods of any dam which con-
tained a fishway. In a great many instances fish congregate in
the deep water below the apron of the dam, and are taken out in
large numbers. In such instances the Commission is vested with
power to prohibit fishing within fifty rods of such dam if it so
wishes.

Section 355 relative to penalties is amended so as to allow a
penalty of $10 to be inflicted for the taking of short lobsters, in-
stead of $50 which was mandatory heretofore.

Section 365 as amended, contains a provision that if notices
have been once posted or land established as a private park, after
personal service upon a person in the name of the owner or
owners of a written or printed notice containing a description of
the premises and warning all persons against hunting or fishing
or trespassing thereon, this is to act the same as where lands are
posted as provided in section 361 of the Conservation Law. '

As provided in section 366, the Commission may set aside
certain lands owned by the State, except those located in the
Adirondack or Catskill parks, as a game and bird refuge; or the
Commission may purchase lands in the name of and for the use
of the State in any town of the State outside of the limits of the
Adirondack or Catskill parks, containing not less than one hun-
dred acres, or may purchase the shooting and fishing rights in

190 Fourth Annual Report of the

connection with such land, and may establish thereon a game and
bird refuge, upon publishing and posting the notices as provided
in section 360.

Formerly section 372 only allowed a person who was in
possession of a breeder's license to kill elk or deer, by shooting or
otherwise, between the first day of October and the first day of
March, both inclusive. Pheasants could be killed by shooting or
otherwise between the first day of October and the 31st day of
January, both inclusive. Mallard ducks and black ducks could
be killed by shooting or otherwise from the first day of October
to the tenth day of January. By the amendment, elk, deer,
pheasants, mallard and black ducks may be killed in any manner
at any time under a breeder's license, but mallard or black ducks
killed by shooting under a breeder's license shall not be bought,
sold or trafficked in.

Under the provisions of section 3Y5, it formerly provided that
any dealer in fish duly licensed could hold during the close season,
in a storehouse to be designated by the Commission, such part of
his stock of fish as he had on hand undisposed of at the beginning
of the close season, such dealer to give a bond to the people of
the State conditioned that he will not, during the close season
ensuing, sell, use, give away or otherwise dispose of any fish
which he is permitted to possess during the close season ; that he
will not in any way, during the time when such bond is in force,
violate any provisions of article five. The bond may also con-
tain such other provisions as to the inspection of the fish possessed,
as the Commission shall require. This section has been amended
to allow the possession of frogs during the close season upon the
same conditions.

There is one serious defect in the Conservation Law that was
not corrected at the last session of the Legislature. The change
which I suggest is very vital to a smooth and perfect working of
the law. In codifying the law it was the intention of the codifiers
to make it " permissive " in form. Therefore there should be
one general penalty section covering all violations, except where
explosives are used for killing fish, or in cases of graver violations
of a similar nature; in such cases a more severe penalty should
be provided. In the present law the penalty sections are con-
flicting and confusing. No penalty clause should follow a per-

Conservation Commission 191

missive section, because there could be no violation of such a
section.

The past year has been one of increased activity in every branch
of our work. The propagation and preservation of our fish and
game are recognized as of vital importance by the public at large
as well as by the sportsmen. Evidence unmistakable of this is
found in the great increase in the number of calls upon the
Commission by persons seeking information on fish and game
matters. We are unable to supply the demand for the law books.
The Legislature should be petitioned for at least fifty thousand
copies, instead of thirty thousand copies as now provided. In
justice to the hunter, so that he can be well informed as to our
laws, he should be provided at the time he takes out a hunting
license with a full and complete copy of the Conservation Law
relating to fish and game. In many instances the syllabus fur-
nished has not been sufficient, as it does not give the full law,
simply providing a synopsis.

I desire at this time to report to the Commissioners in brief
the revenue derived from different branches of the Department
of Fish and Game, also the number of birds and eggs distributed
from the bird farm at Sherburne, all of which will be found in
the statistical table following.

During the fiscal year of 1914, the Conservation
Commission issued hunting licenses to the

amount of $201,022 00

Collected in fines and penalties 66,346 63

Net licenses 14,986 14

For the tagging of game 5,993 70

For the tagging of trout 6,585 00

For breeders' licenses 425 00

For scientific licenses 60 00

For importation licenses, etc 1,120 35

Add to that the production at the game farm :

40,000 eggs at 40 cents each $16,000 00

5,000 birds at $4 each 20,000 00

1,400 brood birds at $4 each 5,600 00

41,600 00

192 Fourth Annual Report of the

Add to that the commercial value of the fishes,
which is given by Dr. Bean, our Fish Cuturist, as
about $175,000 00

Grand total $513,138 82

This makes a grand total which not only pays every dollar
which is expended for the protection of the wild life of the State,
but turns a handsome surplus into the State Treasury.

NON-SALE OF NATIVE GAME

As in previous reports, I strongly recommend the continuance
of the law which prohibits the sale of native game, except that I
believe that as there is a great demand upon the part of the hotel
and restaurant keepers of the State of !N^ew York for ducks, cer-
tain species should be allowed to be imported under the provisions
of section 373, adding thereto the species of ducks that could be
imported from without the United States and sold in this State
after being tagged as provided by the section quoted. The non-
sale of game has certainly taken away the initiative of the market
hunter to hunt for a moneyed consideration, and the law which
prohibits the sale of native game has the undivided support of
the sportsmen of the State of IsTew York.

TAGGING OF TROUT

The sale of trout raised in private hatcheries has gradually in-
creased to such an extent that the revenue derived therefrom now
exceeds that obtained for the tagging of imported game. At the
present time there are fifteen tagging machines leased to as many
private Hatcheries, and all excepting six are being operated out-
side of ISTew York State. The market for this commodity, as I
have stated, is gradually increasing, and the law legalizing the
sale of trout from private hatcheries has continued to meet with
the approval of the hotel and restaurant proprietors, and has come
in for no criticism except from the hatchery owners, who have
sought to reduce the fee from three cents as provided at the pres-
ent time to one cent for each tag. In the past trout from private

Note. — Figures above given are amounts received during the fiscal year October 1, 1913, to
September 30, 1914. Figures given elsewhere in the financial statement (see p. 58) are amounts
turned into the State treasury during the same period. Receipts for September of any fiscal
year cannot appear as turned into the State treasury until the following fiscal year.

Conservation Commission 193

hatcheries could not be sold in the State of New York except dur-
ing the open season on native trout. At the present time they can
be sold at any period, thereby providing a market the year round,
and at the same time giving protection to our native trout. I feel
that the Commission should do everything possible to retain the
fee for tags as at present. I cannot see where it works a hardship
upon the hatchery owners, as they have claimed, because trout are
a luxury which is paid for by the consumer.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTORS

Some protectionists have held that in consequence of rigid en-
forcement of the law, violations thereof would diminish from year
to year; but the records of the department show that each suc-
ceeding year we are apprehending a larger number of violators.
As I have stated previously, I believe that but a small percentage
of the persons committing violations are ever brought to trial.
Therefore I again submit for the consideration of the Commis-
sion the advisability of increasing the protective force to at least
two hundred men.

GAME INCREASING

As in former years, I have endeavored through the force of pro-
tectors to ascertain the conditions as to game throughout the State.
I feel from the reports that have been made that the rigid pro-
tection this Commission is giving to the wild life of the State is
bringing about better conditions, and the game is gradually in-
creasing. This holds good particularly as to deer. The northern
protectors report that never in the history of the State have there
been as many deer in the mountains as at the present tinie. I
think this is true, as it is borne out by the numerous complaints
made to the Commission of damage being done by deer. This is
especially true as to counties in which there is no open season.

This would seem a broad statement to make, owing to the fact
that there is such a large number of hunters who go afield yearly ;
but it should be taken into consideration that in the early history
of the State deer which became yarded were killed by the hun-
dreds by packs of wolves ; the natives considered the deer forests
their pork barrel, and the lumbermen made it a custom to employ
hunters to kill deer, which were ground up in sausage machines

194 FouKTH Annual Repoet of the

witli pork and fed to their lumber jacks, all of which has been
eradicated. There are no longer wolves in the Adirondack moun-
tains, and the lumbermen have found that the killing of deer to
feed to their help has become too expensive; and this, with the
buck law, all tends to bear out the statement of the northern pro-
tectors that deer are more numerous than ever before in the his-
tory of the State.

Also we have had good reports from hunters, who inform us
that they are finding more partridge in their native covers than
since the epidemic some ten years ago which praf'tically wiped out
the native grouse.

Dogs

This department has received many protests from bird hunters,
who claim that the law works a hardship upon them, as it pro-
hibits taking dogs into forests inhabited by deer, or harboring
them or allowing them to run at large in the Adirondack Park,
or taking them upon forest preserve lands. There should be an
enactment of law which would provide for the licensing of bird
dogs, so that a sportsman who wished to hunt partridge in the
northern counties would be permitted to take his dog into forests
inhabited by deer for the purpose of hunting birds. I think this
could be done safely by empowering this Commission to issue a
license to an owner of a bird dog, permitting him to use his dog
for hunting grouse, except within the Adirondack Park. With
said license a tag could be issued, similar to the tag v/hich is
placed upon a licensed net, the tag to be attached to the collar of
the dog, with the number and the name of the owner thereon.
This would place the responsibility for the dog upon the ovmer
if caught running deer.

Woodcock

The hatch of the native woodcock is increasing, and with the
flight bird, woodcock shooting within the State is providing a
great source of enjoyment for the sportsmen. The adequate pro-
tection which I believe is being given this species of game bird
by allowing only four to be killed in any one day, will gradually
lead to the increasing of the birds breeding within the State.

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Conservation Commission 195

Pheasants

In a great many counties pheasants are very plentiful at the
present time. This is particularly true in the western counties
of the State. Additional protection has been given to pheasants
in four counties until 1915, and in fourteen counties until 1916.
Pheasant shooting is bound to become exceedingly popular in
the State. They are an excellent game bird, although not lay-
ing for the dog ; but an intelligent bird dog soon becomes familiar
with their habit of running and skulking, and soon trails them,
so that the sportsmen enjoy pheasant shooting exceptionally well.
With the additional game farms provided at the last session of
the Legislature, pheasants will soon become very numerous; and
wih the increasing of the game farms which will raise pheasants
and liberate them in the covers of the State, the open season can
be gradually lengthened, allowing a larger number of birds to
be killed each season.

The problem of properly distributing these birds has engaged
the attention of this department during the past year, and in
conference with Mr. Rogers, the superintendent of the farm, I
have become convinced that the proper procedure would be to
distribute the pheasants through the protective force, giving
each county its apportionment, and instead of shipping as we do
now the half-grown birds, the covey should be shipped with the
mother hen. If she is liberated in suitable covers, the hen will
stay with the young pheasant chicks until they are nearly grown.
In that way we would eradicate the loss of a large number of
pheasants. The method which we are following at the farm at
the present time is to release the mother hen with the brood as
soon as the young chick becomes used to the call of the hen,
feeding at certain periods and in certain places on the farm, so
that the hen will return with her brood to these feeding spots.
This makes it possible for the chicks to be caught up at the time
of shipment. The superintendent informs me that while this is
the most scientific way of raising pheasants to maturity, it en-
tails a great loss of pheasants by their straying away from the
mother hen and not returning. By shipping the hen with the
brood, no pheasants would be lost, and the percentage of those
raised to maturitv would be increased.

196 Fourth Annual Report of the

In some instances, complaints have been made to the Com-
mission that pheasants are destructive to the agricultural in-
terests; but this is offset by the favorable reports received of
the benefits the pheasants are doing, as they feed largely ujDon
insect life. Instances have been known where a flock of
pheasants has protected a potato patch from potato bugs. The
pheasant is the only bird that I know of which will feed upon
the bug that destroys the potato vine.

Deer

As I have stated previously, we receive nothing but good re-
ports of the increasing of the deer. I recommend to the Com-
mission the advisability of bringing about an enactment of law
making a short open season for the killing of buck deer in the
counties of the State which do not enjoy that privilege under the
present law.

Ducks

Without doubt the law which prohibits the spring shooting
of ducks is partly accountable for the large number which now
hatch and raise their broods within the borders of the State of
ISTew York. The department is continually receiving favorable
reports showing that this valuable game bird is increasing in
number in this State; no doubt owing to the fact that the law
is being rigidly enforced relative to shooting out of season, fire
lighting, netting, and disturbing the ducks during their breeding-
season.

Quail
I am sorry to be obliged to state that I cannot find where
there is any material increase of the quail. I was encouraged to
believe that the placing of a five years close season on quail,
with the exception of Long Island, would be the means of again
replenishing the covers upstate with these excellent game birds ;
but as they are a seed-eating, ground-feeding bird, they very easily
winter kill, particularly during the periods of the year when
the ground is deeply covered with snow, as it prevents their
readily finding feed. That, in addition to their natural cover

Conservation Commission 197

being cut off, causes me to believe that it would not be wise to
again allow the killing of quail in this State, with the exception
of Long Island, unless there is a greater increase in the supply
during the balance of the five years closed period.

Beavek >

Beaver continue to increase in the Adirondack region. Some
complaints have come to the department relative to the damage
done by beaver by reason of cutting timber and flooding private
lands. In some instances, after an investigation of the complaint
of damage being done by beaver, we found it necessary to disturb
their houses, which causes the colony to seek new quarters.

HUNTING LICENSES

A careful investigation has caused me to believe that the State
is not getting the returns from hunting licenses that it should.
The report of the protective force shows that a gTeat many
hunters go afield without being in possession of a hunting license
as provided by law, taking the chances of being apprehended by
a protector for hunting without a license. To educate the public
to the necessity of being in possession of a hunting license to
hunt any of the wild birds or quadrupeds of the State of New
York, the game protective force has been ordered when meeting
a hunter afield to inspect his hunting license. This has had a
tendency to increase the sale of licenses, which has encouraged
me to believe that providing for the issuing of a button with
every hunting license, to be worn in a conspicuous place, would
practically eradicate the practice of hunters going afield without
being in possession of their license, as tliey would not only be
open to the inspection of the protective force, but any person
could readily see, by the requirement that they should wear the
button at all times when hunting, that they were in possession
of the necessary license to hunt.

MERIT SYSTEM

I am a great believer in the merit system, as it spurs a pro-
tector to give his very best efforts to the work of protecting the

198 Fourth Annual Report of the

wild life of the State; but believe that the grading of protectors
should rest absolutely with this Commission, as thev are better
able to judge of the men who should be placed in the first grade.
At the present time the rating of these men rests with the State
Civil Service Commission. The law should be amended so that
the rating of the protectors will .be the prerogative of the C^om-
mission.

SPECIAL PROTECTORS
While I realize the necessity in certain instances for special
protectors, especially where a man is acting as a game keeper,
or superintendent of a preserve, or is a hatchery foreman or
superintendent or foreman of a game farm, except in such
instances I am adverse to the appointment of special protectors.
Experience has shown that in a great many cases* they have but
a slight knowledge of the provisions of the conservation law
giving protection to fish and game. This has been corrected
somewhat by the law which now requires that a person in order
to become a special protector must pass a non-competitive exam-
ination ; but I find that the examination has not been the means
of placing the special protectors on a plane with the regulars.
This is caused primarily by the fact that a special protector does
not give his whole attention to the work of protecting the fish
and game, and therefore not being continually brought in contact
with the conservation law, is not well acquainted with its provi-
sions. I am thoroughly convinced that with a force of two
hundred men, special protectors would be unnecessary. S'pecial
protectors are prone to prosecute violations of a very technical
nature, for the purpose of deriving a benefit from the moiety
which they receive as compensation for their work, which tends
to bring the Commission and the law into bad repute.

HUNTING ACCIDENTS

I find that the record shows that during the 1914 deer season
there were five deer hunting accidents, three of w'hich were fatal.
!N^ot one of these victims, as far as any evidence shows, was mis-
taken for a deer. Seventeen minor accidents occurred in 1914
while hunters were in pursuit of small game. In my opinion

Cat wTiTi PvoiiiN — Tin-; Ivnkmy of (iA.ME and Song Birds

Conservation Commission 199

this is the greatest recommendation for the so-called " buck law,"
as it has a great tendency to save human life. A sportsman
afield hunting deer, with the law as it is now framed, is very
careful to ascertain if it is a buck that he is shooting at, thereby
avoiding hunting accidents, whieh occurred very often in the
past when hunters could kill either a buck or a doe, as a move
in the brush meant a shot from the hunter, and too late it was
found that he had killed either his guide or his hunting
companion.

THE HOUSE CAT
Mr. Edward H. Forbush, State Ornithologist of Massachusetts,
makes a claim that a mature cat in good hunting grounds kills on
an average fifty birds a year. The old cat that wanders off into
the fields and woods is terribly destructive. Mr. William
Brewster tells of an acquaintance in Maine who said that his cat
killed about fifty birds a year. When asked why he did not get
another cat, he said that it would be of no use, for they were all
alike. Another gentleman by the name of A. C. Dyke writes that
his family owned a cat which was well cared for and a particular
pet. They watched it through one season, and found that it
killed fifty-eight birds, including the young in five nests. N^early
a hundred correspondents scattered throughout all the counties of
the State report the cat as one of the greatest enemies of the
birds. There is no doubt that the predatory house cat is one of
the destructive enemies to our game and insectivorous birds. I
do not hesitate to recommend that a law be enacted providing that
"Any person may and it shall be the duty of every game pro-
tector to kill eats found afield."

ASSAULTS

On April 5, 1914, Protector Samuel S. Taylor was assaulted
and killed in the vicinity of Rome. The following resolution was
passed by the Division Chief Protectors at a meeting held at
Albany on April 21, 1914:

"Vliereas, the wise hand of Providence has seen fit to re-
move from our midst, our highly esteemed and respected
game protector. Samuel S. Taylor, of Madison county, while
in the performance of his duty ; and

200 FouETH Annual Report of the

" Whereas, this faithful servant of the State, while appre-
hending two foreigners in the act of slaughtering our song
birds, and while attempting to arrest the offenders, met his
death bj the hands of two assassins ; now therefore be it

" Resolved, that we, the Division Chiefs of the State of
I^ew York, sadly deplore the loss of our dearly beloved
brother protector, and extend our regret and sympathy to
the parents of Protector Taylor in their sad hours of
affliction; also be it

*' Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be extended
to his parents, and also that a copy be placed upon the
minutes of this meeting."

Special Protector Bert J. Anson of Utica was assaulted by two
foreigners on N"ovember 1, 1914. In defending his life he killed
one of his assailants, and dangerously wounded the other. He
was held blameless by Coroner Stephen A. Mahady, after holding
an inquest.

GUIDES' LICENSE

Simply as a matter of control, and to assure sportsmen of com-
petent men as guides, I again recommend that the Commission use
its best endeavors to bring about an enactment of law providing
for the licensing of guides.

FISHWAYS AND DAMS

Section 251 should be so amended that it would give authority
to the Commission to post signboards forbidding fishing within
fifty rods of any fishway or dam. At the present time the law
states that the Commission may prohibit fishing within fifty rods
of any dam or fishway erected by the State. This should apply
to all dams or fishways, irrespective of whether they are owned
by the State or by private interests.

EXPENSES OF PROTECTORS

A larger expense account would mean the greater efliciency of
the protective force. I again recommend an increase in the pro-
tectors' expenses from $600 to $900 per annum, and the divisioti
chief protectors from $750 to $1,000.

Conservation Commission 201

COMBINATION HUNTING, FISHING AND TRAPPING__

LICENSE

In justice to the sportsmen who are paying into the State
treasury over $200,000 annually for hunting licenses, I feel that
the law should be so amended that it would provide for a combina-
tion hunting, fishing and trapping license; exempting minors
under sixteen years of age, and women; providing further that
the fishing license would only be necessary to take fishes of a
species protected by law. There is no doubt that there is a senti-
ment throughout the State for a combination hunting, fishing
and trapping license, particularly on the part of the fishermen
who are in sympathy with the policy of this Commission in re-
stocking the streams of our State with our more valuable species
of game fishes; realizing as they do that if this work is to be
carried on, and upwards of $100,000 is spent every year to main-
tain fish hatcheries in the State, it is only just and fair that they
as well as the hunters pay their share of the burden.

SPEARS AND SETLINES

This method of fishing is very popular among the fishermen
who wish to take what is classed as the cull fish, including suckers,
bullheads, carp, eels, etc. At the present time it can only be done
on an order issued by this Commission. As a matter of control,
a small license fee should be required, with a license, and a tag
similar to the tag issued with netting licenses could be furnished,
to be placed on the setline, or on the handle of the spear ; and the
license should further provide the species of fish that could be
taken with a spear or setline. This not only furnishes a cheap
class of food to people in moderate circumstances, but it is the
opinion of fish culturists that removing the deleterious fish im-
proves and aids the propagation of the more valuable species
of game fish. But without proper control, it would be dangerous
to allow the taking of deleterious fish with setlines or spears, as
an irresponsible person would not be a respecter of species.

202 FouKTH Annual Report of the

GAME FARMS

The popularity of the pheasant still continues to increase, and
it is no doubt one of the coming game birds of the State. At
least two additional game farms should be provided for this year.

TAXIDERMISTS' LICENSE

Not as a revenue getter, but purely from the standpoint of con-
trol, taxidermists should be required to apply to this Commission
for and be granted by it a license to engage in the business of
taxidermy.

FEDERAL MIGRATORY BIRD LAW

It is highly important that every effort should be made to
harmonize the conflicting provisions of the State Conservation
Law and the law giving protection to migratory birds.

FEEDING OF WILD GAME

We find that from year to year the ducks are making the in-
land waters of the State their winter quarters. This is owing to
the rigid protection given to the wild life of the State, which is
not being molested or killed during the close season to any great
extent. As the waters gradually became frozen over, we found it
necessary, in order to preserve the ducks, to have them fed by
the protective force of the State. Therefore an appropriation
should be made to carry on this work the same as in the past.

Experience has shown that the cutting of the marsh hay and
stacking it for the deer has saved a great many of the smaller
deer. One of the protectors, in visiting a beaver meadow where
hay had been cut and stacked, informed me that there were a
great many deer feeding upon the hay, and in fact in the vicinity
where the hay was stacked, it looked like a sheep yard. This is
true game protection. I trust that there may not be any difficulty
in getting a suitable appropriation to carry on this work.

STATE GAME FARM

In closing, I wish to call the Commission's attention to the
gradual increase from year to year in the number of pheasants
and eggs which are being sent out from the game farm at Sher-

Conservation Commission 203

bume, which is the result of the hard and conscientious work
done by Mr. Harry T. Rogers. I feel that the Commission has
made no mistake in entrusting to Mr. Rogers the superintendency
of the other game farms now being established.

Respectfully submitted,

LLEWELLYN LEGGE,

Chief Oame Protector.

204

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CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

207

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CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

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Conservation Commission

211

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212

Fourth Annual Repoet of the

Regular Pkotectors

DIVISIONS

Lond Island
McCormick,

Metropolitan and

Division, J. T

Division Chief. . .
Southern Division, W. C. Farley,

Division Chief

Western Division, F. W. Hamil-
ton, Division Chief

Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton,

Division Chief

St. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mul-

lin. Division Chief

Hudson Division, C. E. Lee, Divi-
sion Chief

Allegany Division, C. R. Stapley,

Division Chief

Central New York Division, W.

H. Weston, Division Chief

Southern Adirondack Division,

John E. Leavitt, Division Chief
Eastern Division, C. A. Johnston,

Division Chief

Eastern Adirondack Division, R.

B. Nichols, Division Chief

Northern Adirondack Division, B.

A. Cameron, Division Chief. . . .
Case settled by Commission

Num-
ber of
men in
divi-
sion

Total
num-
ber of
actions

15

14

12

10

15

9

9

11

7

7

13

10

417
288
273
229
198
182
170
156
127
126
124
77

Average
number
of cases
per pro-
tector

28
21
23
23
13
20
19
14
18
18
10
8

Gross
recovery

$6,125 90

3,506 90

5,941 20

5,559 95

4,197 75

3,046 55

2,365 18

3,152 55

2,642 40

2,451 30

1,803 20

943 50
20,000 00

Average

recov-

Total

ery per

cost

case

Aver-
age
cost
per
case

$62 66

12 18
21 76
24 28
21 20
16 74

13 91
20 21
20 81
19 45

14 54
12 25

$747 13

$1 79

291 30 1 01

540 40

1 98

558 61

444 80

2

246 40

1

147 45

247 06

1

183 50

1 45

377 99

3 00

422 35

3 41

239 10

3 11

Average recovery

Average cost per case.

$26 07

1 87

Special Protectors

DIVISIONS

Num-
ber of
men in
divi-
sion

Total
num-
ber of
actions

Average
number
of cases
per pro-
tector

Gross
recovery

Average
recov-
ery per
case

Total
cost

Aver-
age
cost
per
oase

MetropoUtan and Long Island
Division, J. T. McCormick,

7
1
6

1
1
2
3
7
6
4
1
1

24

2

58

10

2

2

7

94

15

8

4

11

3

2

10

10

2
1
2
13
3
2

4
11

$313 00

37 00

971 00

469 80

46 50

21 50

128 55

1,938 10

252 25

162 55

64 00

206 00

$13 04

18 50
16 74
46 98
23 25
10 75
18 36
20 62
16 81
20 32
16 00
18 73

$7 75

1 25

123 75

24 80
1 50
1 50
8 55

242 25

25 00
20 40

4 00
14 90

$0 32

Southern Division, W. C. Farley,
Division Chief

63

Western Division, F. W. Hamil-
ton. Division Chief

2 13

Ontario Division, J. A. Colloton,

2 48

St. Lawrence Division, F. C. Mnl-

75

Hudson Division, C. E. Lee, Divi-
sion Chief

75

Allegany Division, C. R. Stapley,

1 22

Central New York Division, W. H.

Weston, Division Chief

Southern Adirondack Division,

John E. Leavitt, Division Chief
Eastern Division, C. A. Johnston,

2 58

1 67

2 55

Eastern Adirondack Division, R.

B. Nichols, Division Chief

Northern Adirondack Division, B.

A. Cameron, Division Chief. . . .

1 00
1 35

Average recovery

Average cost per case .

$19 45
2 00

Conservation Commission

213

Report of the Chief Game Proteictor

REGULAR

protectors

Actions
bought

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-
stable
fees

Attor-
neys'
fees

Other

charges

Total
costs

Thos. H. Allen

26
30
23
44
2
28
19
16
14
13
50
33

$314 35

498 70

499 75
457 00

38 70
326 35
201 65
243 25
252 50
264 25
725 90
619 25

$47 25
18 80

50 35
81 70

3 70
12 20
12 40
12 25
12 45

9 00
42 15

51 25

$3 00

$50 25

A. B. Allison

18 80

W. J. Andre .•. .

3 50
6 25

$17 50

""$8"66

71 35

Benj. M. Bailey

J. E. Ball

95 95
3 70

Jos. Barry

12 20

F. Bauerschmidt

12 40

Carl A. Beebe

12 25

W. G. Bell

5 00

26 50

43 95

F. H. Bellinger.

9 00

D. H. W. Benson

4 25
12 65

46 40

H. W. Billings

63 90

C. A. Bissell

Dennis Bump

19
15
24

5

2
37
14

1
16
21
15

5
46

9
26
42
15

7
33
42

6
16
30
26

1

220 00
166 40
511 65

64 00

58 25
716 50
182 50

11 30
220 00
238 80
209 25
123 50
756 85
186 00
270 30
498 15
357 50
172 00
355 35
737 65
197 10
278 00
511 50
510 50

10 00

28 60

6 40
25 15

5 85

3 15

81 63

34 85
1 30

29 15
12 80

9 00
3 50

35 60
25 70
11 85

32 50

33 70

7 50
22 70

34 50
14 20

8 00
39 75
44 00

50

24 95

53 55

L. H. Burnside

6 40

P. F. Butler

15 40

32

40 87

W. J. Butler

5 85

M. J. Callahan

3 15

M. L. Callaghan

Byron A. Cameron

10 90
3 20

20 00

13 60

126 13
38 05

Z. T. Cater

1 30

W. R. Clark

11 35

12 00

3 00

55 50

W. D. Cloyes

12 80

A. J. Conklin

3 50

■

12 50

J. A. Colloton

E. C. Cross

15 00

18 50
35 60

H. B. Cruikshank

C. C. Culver

18 85

40 00

84 55
11 85

Harry Curry

3 75

18 00

40 10

15 88

5 00

""5'66

76 35

Geo. Davis

72 58

W. L. Delaney

J. M. DeSilva

12 50

22 70

Fred DeWitt

1 75

■"26'66

2 00

38 25

H. C. DeWolf

John Dollinger.

34 20
8 00

C. T. DoVille

E. B. Downing

10 00

49 75
44 00

Calvin Emerick. .

50

W. C. Farley

C. J. Franklin

1

5
18
43
42
44
21
13
14
19
35
20
14
33

9
30

8
10
17
31
26
21

8
10
36
15
16

8
45
26

8
22

25 00
32 50
192 75
632 75
929 00
936 60
338 85
182 20
208 00
444 00
1,301 25
447 50
449 95
452 10
199 00
812 00
129 40
154 00
328 85
699 00
505 00
324 60
232 00
115 05
524 45
271 80
153 40
23 00
623 15
489 50
283 00
398 95

5 55
4 45

13 50
7 75

90 25
89 50

17 95
21 45

11 70

18 00
41 15

16 35

17 60
21 40

9 00

2 00

3 60

12 50

14 35
38 10
38 60

28 50

13 85
11 05

105 90

9 05

9 35

23 05

76 00

30 95

18 00

29 20

5 55

J. S. Ford

■

4 45

M. V. Fordham

13 50

Edmund Gallagher

7 75

E. H. Gammon

J. A. Ginder

4 70
15 60

36 00

""'5 '66
1 95

130 95
110 10

E. C. Gleason

19 90

Theo. Godbout

4 55
3 50

26 00

Harry P. Haff

15 20

Jay Hand

18 00

F. W. Hamilton

A. G. Harris. . .

3 80

1 10

70

95

5 00

49 95
17 45

MilcB Hazelton

Henry Heffernan

11 00

5 50

34 80
22 35

Wm. Herrick

9 00

Edgar Hicks

2 00

C. M. Hiller

3 60

Jas.H. Hildreth

12 50

J. F. Hirsch

14 35

W. A. Hoagland

10 75

'"TO'go

2 15

3 45
68 97

48 85

Fred Hoffman

H, A. Horton

60 00

98 60

99 40

Geo. B. Howland

16 00

Jos. Jenkins .

11 45

"is'oo

25 95

C. A. Johnston

John H. Kane

192 87
9 05

D E. Keefe

4 75

14 10

C. J. Kirby

23 05

E. J. Knapp

3 75
1 85

25 00

104 75

M.S. B. Knights

32 80

Peter Knobloch

18 00

V.J. Kohl

5 00

34 20

John E. Leavitt

214

Fourth Annual Report of the

Report of the Chief Game Protector - — Concluded:

REGULAR

protectors

Actions
bought

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-
stable
fees

Attor-
neys'
fees

Other
charges

Total
costs

Chas. E. Lee

M. B. Leland

D. W. Linnehan

8

1

1

5

6

17

14

24

28

18

22

5

4

31

16

6

11

5

2

4

28

45

29

26

1

7

2

2

2

2

15

27

19

18

12

10

15

40

27

33

13

20

20

39

46

15

13

10

43

1

25

22

15

$44 00
11 00

$15 ■70
1 00

1 75
5 00
8 50

38 90

23 25
36 05
33 45
15 45
27 45

7 50

2 10

24 75
11 95

5 00

21 33

2 50

4 55

1 45

23 45

63 40

48 60

47 25

$12 00

$30 00

S57|70
1^00

Daniel Lynn

1 75

John T. McCormick...

110 00

92 50

289 25

201 35

575 60

534 40

430 70

407 08

92 50

222 10

362 00

360 95

125 00

318 25

102 50

15 00

. 46 45

250 00

1,530 15

393 00

606 10

10 00

124 50

21 00

75 00

5 00

J. J. McDonough

8 50

R. F. Maher

23 00
13 10

10 00
10 00

$2 00

73 90

John H. Mallette

Thos. E. Marsh

46 35
36 05

C. H. Masten

2 00

35 45

C.J. Miles

15 45

L. S. Morris

5 00

32 45

D.E. Moxley

7 50

F. C. Mullin

2 10

M. C. Murphy

24 75

Wm. F. Newell

11 95

R. B. Nichols

5 00

Ed. P. Nolan

Jos. Northup

9 96

7 96

39 25
2 50

J. H. North

19 80

68 40

92 75

Frank O'Brien

1 45

E. J. O'Connor

23 45

C. H. O'DonneU

9 40

63 65

7 40

72 80

E. R. Overton

L. W. Paxon

57 67
42 50

2 00

171 92
97 15

S. R. PhilHps

John S. Pike

7 10
1 00

25

7 35

C.J. Quick

1 00

Chas. Riley

R. W. Schulz

25 00

3 25

25 40

23 25

27 45
36 40

28 35

14 50
25 30
27 15
25 60

27 55

15 00
19 11
41 35
32 10
66 85

28 50
15 00
23 35
64 06

50

12 50

21 91

7 40

25 00

Edwin St. Clair

25 00
211 00
363 65
255 50
255 00
222 00
239 55
180 50
625 40
362 75
900 00
175 00
259 06
242 50
890 70
869 30
206 20
285 30
177 00
638 00

25 50
356 50
300 36
292 40

3 25

N. A. Scott

30 00

55 40

S. S. Scott

23 25

D. W. Seckington

1 25

5 35

21 15

28 70

T. J. Sheridan

J. T. Smith

35 60
46 00

77 35
95 50

M. S. Smith

14 50

Robert Somerville ....

4 40
■■5 75

29 70

A. Stadlmeier

Chas. R. Stapley

10 00

37 15
31 35

Clark M. Stearne

Geo. E. Sutton

42 66

69 55
15 00

S. S. Taylor

2 50

21 61

F. G. Thomas

41 35

Geo. H. Travis

2 60
23 45

34 70

C. E. Underbill

90 30

John B. Vann

28 50

Frank Van de Boe

5 35
5 00
5 80

20 35

Peter Ver Snyder

J. H. Wackerman

Geo. S. Wagoner

2150
26125

30 85

96 11

50

John J. Ward

12 50

Merton Wescott

C. Wheaton

11 20

15 00

48 11
7 40

Wm. H. Weston

John Willis

11

284 60

13 86

7 60

"•;; ""::

21 46

Wm. C. Wood

C. G. Worden

Chas. H. Yaple

23

16

8

1

610 78

188 05

95 10

20,000 00

25 48

26 90
5 15

4 00

10 00

39 48
26 90

V. A. Zimmer

15

Case settled by Com-
mission

Totals

2,368

$61,736 38

$2,941 68

$613 98

$806 35

$84 08

$4 446 09

Conservation Commission

215

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216

Fourth Annual Rbpoet of the

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Conservation Commission

217

00 O t^ ^H CD 'M CO O <0 lO CD 00 IC CO OO (N ■ • 00 i-h ^ iC CD t^ •* ■* CO 00 CI "5 ^ ^ CD CD "-H U5
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218

FouETH Annual Report of the

o

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C<>-<J<(M (T^

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CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

219

iOCOOCO--iiOC-1»0
,_i rt ,_( ^ (^\ ex ,-1

CO <r> 00

00
to

00

o

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220

Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

SUMMARY
Recoveries and Expenses

Fines and
penalties

Expense of
prosecution

Regular protectors
Special protectors.

Total

$61,736 38
4,610 25

166,346 63

S4,446 09
475 65

$4,921 74

Summary of Results of Actions Brought

Regular
protectors

Special
protectors

Total

Fined

Jail

John Doe proceedings
Sentences suspended. .

Acquitted

Discontinued

Jury disagreed

Total

2,047
33
70
155
42
20
1

2,368

209

8

12
4
4

237

2,255
41
70
167
46
24
1

2,604

CONSEEVATIOX COMMISSION

221

Report of the Chief Game Protector

SPECIAL
PROTECTORS

Actions
brought

Recovery

Court
costs

Constable
fees

»

Attorneys'
fees

Total
costs

B. J. Anson

28
1
1
6
2
2
6
7
6
2
21
2
1
1
4
7
1
1
2
1
15
4
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
28
2
2
1
10
10
11
33
5
1

S519 50
11 50

S54 70
1 50

$12 70

$10 00

$77 40

M.E.Ballard

1 50

R. H.Bell

H. D. Birkmire

65 00

53 00

25 00

103 25

293 25

150 00

30 00

556 50

46 50

20 00

12 85
64 00

75 10

13 00
17 50

21 00
10 00

245 00

76 75
20 00
20 00

10 55
50 00
37 75
71 55
41 25

11 50
554 00

37 00

5 00

3 00

2 75

5 25

12 00

10 00

2 80

39 20

1 50

5 00

John D. Black

10 00

13 00

Wm. Blackie

2 00

4 75

John C. Blunck

5 25

Frank Bond

5 70

25 40
13 30

43 10

Geo. Brier

23 30

James BuUard

3 20

6 00

W. H. Bundenthal

39 20

E. Chamberlain

1 50

Henry Con

Allen Cooper

85
4 00
18 45
3 00
2 50
1 00

2 00

2 85

Ernest Fish

4 00

W. R. Floyd

6 90

10 00

35 .35

Arthur IM. Gage

3 00

E. W. Gauding

2 50

W. R. Gibbs

1 00

G. K. Gills

James Graham

:::::::::;i::':

F. J. Maloney

6 75

6 75

Philip Manecke

John E. Moak

1 75
55

12 85

2 75

3 20
1 25

50

48 00

1 25

1 75

James B. Moffatt

55

James F. Mooney

12 85

Robert L. Moore

335

2 75

Chas. H. Nesley

6 55

D. B. Oughterson

1 25

Ray E. Parker

50

John L. Perry

48 00

Sam M. Perry

1 25

Wm. J. Ranch, Jr

H. E. Robinson

Fred T. Schmidt

26 00
469 80

66 00
206 00
497 50

72 65

10 00

4 15
24 80
11 20
14 90
61 20

2 65

5 85

10 00
24 80

A. Stadlmeier

11 20

Wm. M. Stearns

14 90

Robert Suor

61 20

J. F. Welden

2 65

Louis H. Weed

Total

237

$4,610 25

S365 25

$39 70

$70 70

$475 65

222

Fourth Annual Report of the

Result of Actions

SPECIAL
PROTECTORS

Fined

Sentences
suspended

Jail

1
Acquittals

Dis-
continued

Total

B. J. Anson

23

1

1

i

i

1

1

4

2

1

2

i

i

i

1

i

1

1

3

28
1

M. E. BaUard

R. H. Bell

1

H. D. Birkmire

6
2
1
6
6
6
2

20
2
1
]
4
5
1
1
2
1

15
4
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1

27
2

i

10
5
9

27
5
1

R

John D. Black

2

William Blackie

2

John C. Blunck

Q

Frank Bond

7

Geo. Brier

g

James Bullard

2

W. H. Bundenthal

E. Chamberlain

21
2

Henry Con

1

1

Ernest Fish

4

W. R. Floyd

Arthur M. Gage

E. W. Gauding

7
1
1

W. R. Gibbs

2

G. K. GUIs

James Graham

1
15

F. J. Maloney

Philip Manecke

4
2

John E. Moak

James B. Mofifatt

James F. Mooney

Robert L. Moore

Chas. H. Nesley

D. B. Oughterson

Ray E. Parker

John L. Perry

Sam M. Perry

Wm. J. Rauch, Jr

H. E. Robinson

1

1
1
3
1
2
2
1
28
2
2
1

Fred T. Schmidt

A. Stadlmeier

Wm. M. Stearns

i|::::::::

10
10

11

Robert Suor

2 1

!

33

J. F. Welden

5

Louis H. Weed

1

Totals

209

12

8 4

4

237

Conservation Commission 223

Records of Divisions, Regular Protectors

REGULAR

protectors

Number

cases

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-
stable

fees

Attorneys'
fees

Other
charges

Total
costs

John T. McCormick, Division Chief, Metropolitan and Long Island Division

Thos. H. Allen

B. M. Bailey

Fred Bauerschmidt . .

D. H. W. Benson

Edmund Gallagher. . .

H. P. Ha£f

Edgar Hicks

J. H. Hildreth

H. A. Horton

E. J. Knapp

John T. McCormick. .

E. R. Overton

Geo. E. Sutton

J. H. Wackerman. . . .
John J. Ward

Total .

26
44
19
50
43
14
30
10
21
45
5
29
13
43
25

417

$314 35
457 00
201 65
725 90
632 75
208 00
812 00
154 00
324 60
623 15
110 00
393 00
175 00
638 00
356 50

$6,125 90

$47 25
81 70
12 40
42 15
7
11

75

70

2 00
12 50
28 50
76 00

5 00
48 60
15 00
64 06
12 50

$467 11

$3 00
6 25

4 25
'356

70 90
3 75

63 65

"h'so

$161 10

$25 00

57 67
'26'25

$108 92

$8 00

2 00

$10 00

$50 25

95 95
12 40
46 40

7 75

15 20

2 00

12 50

99 40

104 75

5 00

171 92

15 00

96 11
12 50

$747 13

William C. Farley, Division Chief
A B Allison 301 «4QS 701 $1S SO

SODTHBF

IN Division

$18 80

15
2
21
42
33

166 40
58 25
238 80
498 15
355 36

6 40

3 15

12 80

32 50

22 70

6 40

M J. Callahan

3 15

W. D. Cloyes

Harry Curry

12 80

$3 75

$40 10

76 35

J M De Silva

22 70

W C Farlev

M V. Fordham

18
21
16
31
28
15
16

192 75
338 85
153 40
362 00
250 00
206 20
188 05

13 50

17 95

9 35

24 75
23 45
28 50
26 90

13 50

E C Gleason

$1 95
4 75

19 90

D. E. Keefe

14 10

M. C. Muiphy

E J O'Connor

24 75

23 45

28 50

Charles H. Yaple

26 90

Total

288

$3,506 90

$240 75

$3 75

$40 10

$6 70

$291 30

Freder]
H. W. Billings

CK W. H

33
16
35

17
26
26
24
18
26
2
10
40

amilton, D

$619 25
220 00
1,301 25
328 85
505 00
489 50
575 60
430 70
606 10

[VISION Chi

$51 25

29 15
41 15

14 35
38 60

30 95
36 05

15 45
47 25
25 00
14 50
27 15

BF, West]

$12 65

11 35

3 80

3RN DiVISIO

N

$63 90

W. R. Clark

$12 00
5 00

$3 00

55 50

F. W. Hamilton

J. F. Hirsch

49 95
14 35

Fred Hoffman

M. S. B. Knights ....

""i'85

60 00

98 60
32 80

T. E. Marsh

36 05

C. J. Miles

15 45

L. W. Paxon

7 40

42 50

97 15

R. W. Schulz

25 00

M. S. Smith

239 55
625 40

14 50

A. Stadlmeier

10 00

37 15

Total

273

$5,941 20

$370 85

$37 05

$129 50

$3 00

$540 40

Jam]

M. L. Callaghan

J. A. Colloton

George Davis

H. C. DeWolf

C. T. DoVille

E. H. Gammon

Peter Knobloch

Bs A. Coi

37

5
15

6
30
42

8
45

2
39

.loton, Di\

$716 50
123 50
357 50
197 10
511 50
929 00
283 00
1,530 15
21 00
890 70

'ISION Chie

$81 63
3 50
33 70
14 20
39 75
90 25
18 00
63 40
1 00
32 10

F, Ontar
$10 90

"isoo

■■'476

[0 Division

$20 00
15 00
15 88
20 00
10 00
36 00

$13 60
""5 60

$126 13
18 50
72 58
34 20
49 75
130 95
18 00

C. H. O'Donnell

9 40

72 80

C. J. Quick

1 00

George H. Travis

2 60

34 70

Total

229

$5,559 95

$377 53

$45 60

$116 88

$18 60

$558 61

224

Fourth Annual Report of the

Records of Divisions, Regular Protectors — Continued

REGULAR

protectors

Number
cases

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-
stable
fees

Attorneys'
fees

Other
charges

Total
costs

F. C. MuLLiN, Division Chief, St. Lawbencb Division

W. J. Andre

J. E. BeU

W. G. Bell

John Dollinger ....

Jay Hand

A. G. Harris

Joseph Jenkins ....

J. H. Kane

John H. Mallette. .

F. C. Mullin

J. Northup

J. T. Smith

Clark M. Stearne..

P. Ver Snyder

George S. Wagoner .

Total

23

2

14

16

19

20

10

15

14

4

5

12'

33

10

1

$499 75
38 70
252 50
278 00
444 00
447 50
115 05
271 80
201 35
222 10
102 50
222 00
900 00
177 00
25 50

$50 35

3 70

12 45

8 00
18 00
16 35
11 05

9 05
23 25

2 10

2 50

28 35

27 55

23 35

50

$3 50

$17 50

$71 3?
3 79

5 00

26 50

43 9^
8 00

18 00

1 10
3 45

17 45

11 45

25 95
9 05

13 10

10 00

46 35
2 10

2 50

21 15

" "soo

46 00

42 00

2 50

95 50

69 55

30 85

50

198

$4,197 75

$236 55

$52 30

$155 95

$444 80

Joseph Barry . .
A. J. Conklin. .

E. C. Cross

Fred DeWitt...
C. Emerick . . . .

V. J. Kohl

Charles E. Lee.
R. F. Maher . . .
E. P. Nolan....

Total .

Charles E. Lee, Division Chief; Hudson Division

28
15
46
42
1
22

17
11

182

$326 35
209 25
756 85
737 65
10 00
398 95

289 25
318 25

$12 20

9 00

35 60

34 50

50

29 20

38 90
21 33

$3,046 55 $181 23

$3 50

1 75

23 00
9 96

$38 21

$10 00

$10 00

$2 00

5 00

2 00
7 96

$12 20
12 50
35 60
38 25
50
34 20

73 90
39 25

$16 96 $246 40

C. R. Stapley, Division Chief, Allegany Division

Carl A. Beebe.. .

C. C. Culver

H. Heffernan

L. S. Morris. . . .
Frank O'Brien . . .

John S. Pike

S. S. Scott

Chas. R. Stapley.
V. A. Zimmer. . .

Total .

16

26

33

22

4

7

27

27

8

$243 25
270 30
452 10
407 08

46 45
124 50
363 65
362 75

95 10

$12 25

11 85

21 40

27 45

1 45

7 10

23 25

25 60

5 15

$12 25

11 85

$0 95
5 00

22 35

32 45

1 45

25

7 35

23 25

5 75

31 35

5 15

170

$2,365 18

$135 50

$11 95

$147 45

W. H. Weston, Division Chief, Central New York Division

F. H. Bellinger. .
E. B. Downing. .
C. J. Franklin. . .
WUliam Herrick.
W. A. Hoagland.

S. S. Taylor

Merton Wescott .
Wm. H. Weston.

John WiUis

Wm. C. Wood.. .
C. G. Worden...

Total.

13
26
1
9
31
20
22

11

23

156

$264 25
510 50
25 00
199 00
699 00
259 06
300 36

284 60

610 78

$3,152 55

$9 00
44 00

55
00

38 10
19 11
21 91

13 86

25 48

$186 01

$10 75

2 50

11 20

7 60

4 00

$36 05

$15 00

10 00

$25 00

$9 00
44 00

55
00

48 85
21 61
48 11

21 46
'39'48

$247 06

Conservation Commission

225

Eecords of Divisions, Regular Protectors — Concluded

REGULAR

protectors

Number

casea

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-
stable
fees

Attorneys'
fees

Other
charges

Total

costs

J. E. Lbavitt, Division Chief, Southern Adirondack Division

Miles Hazelton . .

C. M. Hiller

John E. Leavitt .
C. H. Masten . . .
W. F. Newell . . .
C. E. UnderhiU.
C. Wheaton

Total .

14i

81

$449 95
129 40

281
16
46
151

534 40
366 95
869 30
292 40

127 $2,642 40

$17 60
3 60

33 45

11 95

66 85

7 40

$140 85

$0 70

2 00

23 45

$26 15

$11 00

$11 00

$5 50

85 50

$34 80
3 60

35 45

11 95

90 30

7 40

$183 50

C. A. Johnston, Division Chief, Eastern Division

P. F. Butler. . .

Z. T. Cater

W. L. Delaney .
J. A. Ginder . . .
C. A. Johnston.
S. R. Phillips . .
F. Van de Boe .

Total

24
1
7

44

36
1

13

8511 65
11 30
172 00
936 60
524 45
10 00
285 30

$25 15

1 30

7 50

89 50

105 90

$15 40

$0 32

$40 87

1 30

■"i5'66

68 97

$5 00

""506
18 00

12 50
110 10

192 87

15 00

5 35

20 35

126

$2,451 30

$244 35

$105 32

85 00

$23 32

$377 99

R. B. Nichols, Division Chief, Adirondack Division

Dennis Bump

W. J. Butler

H. B. Cruikshank

Theodore Godbout. . . .

G. B. Rowland

M. B. Leland

D. W. Linnehan

Daniel Lynn

J. J. McDonough

R. B. Nichols

N. A. Scott

T. J. Sheridan

Robert Somerville . . . .

Total

19

5

9

13

8

8

1

1

6

6

15

18

15

$220 00

64 00

186 00

182 20

232 00

44 00

11 00

$28 60

5 85

25 70

21 45

13 85

15 70

1 00

1 75

8 50

5 00

25 40

36 40

25 30

$24 95

$53 55

5 85

18 85
4 55
2 15

12 00

$40 00

84 55
26 00

16 00

30 00

57 70
1 00

1 75

92 50
125 00
211 00
255 00
180 50

*

8 50

5 00

""h'i'b

4 40

30 00
35 60

55 40
77 35
29 70

124

$1,803 20

$214 50

$72 25

$135 60

$422 35

Btbon a. Cameron, Division Chief, Northern Adirondack Division

C A Ri.saell

Byron A. Cameron. . . .
J S Ford

14

1

5
2
2
2
19
20

$182 50
32 50
23 00
92 50
15 00
75 00
25 00
255 50
242 50

$34 85

4 45

23 05

7 50

4 55

$3 20

$38 05

4 45

C J Kirbv

23 05

D. E. Moxley

J. H. North

7 50

19 80

$68 40

92 75

Charles RUey

F.dwin St Clair

3 25
27 45
41 35

3 25

D. W. Seckington

P a Thomas

1 25

28 70

41 35

Total

77

$943 50

$146 45

$24 25

$68 40

$239 10

8

226

Fourth Annual Repokt of the

Recoeds of Divisions, Special Protectors

SPECIAL
PROTECTORS

Number
cases

Recovery

Court

COf't?

Con-
stable
fees

Attorneys'
fees

Total
costs

John T. McCobmick, Division Chief, Metropolitan and Long Island Division

R. H. Bell

William Blackie

Arthur M. Gage

0. K. Gills

James Graham

Phillip Manecke

Wm. J. Rauch, Jr

Total.

1

2
1
1
15
2

2

$25 00
13 00
10 00

245 00
20 00

$2 75
3 00

$2 00

$4 75

1

3 00

1

1

1

1

24

$313 00

$5 75

$2 OOj

$7 75

Sam M. Perry .

William C. Farley, Division Chief, Southern Division
..'. I 21 $37 001 $1 251 I

$1 25

Fbed'k W. Hamilton, Division Chief, Western Division

H. D. Biikmire. .

Frank Bond

Robert L. Moore.
Ray E. Parker. . .
A. Stadlmeier. . . .
Robert Suor

Total .

6
7
1
1
10
33

$65 00

293 25

37 75

11 50

66 00

497 50

$5 00
12 00
2 75
50
11 20
61 20

$5 OO

$5 70

$25 40

43 10
2 75

50

11 20

61 20

58

$971 00

$92 65

$5 70

$25 40

$123 75

Fred T. Schmidt .

James A. Colloton, Division Chief, Onfario Division

101 $469 801

$24 801

$24 80

E. Chamberlain.

F. C MuLLiN, Division Chief, St. Lawrence Division

21 $46 501 $1 501 I . . . .

SI 50

M. E. Ballard .
L. H. Weed. . .

Total .

Charles E. Lee. Division Chief, Hudson Division

1
1

$11 50
10 00

$1 50

$1 50

2

$21 50

•SI 50

$1 50

F. J. Maloney . . . .
James B. Moffatt .
D. B. Oughterson.

Total

C. R. Stapley, Division Chief, Allegany Division

4
1
2

$76 75
10 55
41 25

$6 75

55

1 25

$6 75

55

1 25

7

$128 55

$8 55

$8 55

W. H. Weston, Division Chief, Centr.4.l New York Division

B. J. Anson

John D. Black

George Brier

James Bullard ....
W. H. Bundenthal.

W. R. Floyd

John L. Perry ....

Total .

28
2

6

2

21

7

28

94

$519 50
53 00

150 00
30 00

556 50
75 10

554 00

$1,938 10

$54 70
3 00
10 00
2 80
39 20
18 45
48 00

$176 15

$12 70

3 20

'e'go

$22 so

$10 00
10 00
13 30

10 00

$43 30

$77 40
13 00
23 30
G 00
39 20
35 35
48 00

$242 25

Conservation Commission

227

RixoRDs OF Divisions, Special Protectors — Concluded

SPECIAL

protectors

Number
cases

Recovery

Court
costs

Con-

stabl

fees

Attorneys'
fees

Total
ooBta

J. E. Leavitt, Division Chief, Southern Adirondack Division

John C. Blunck.
Allen Coopei . . .
E. W. Gaudinp.
John E. Moak . .
H. E. Robinson.
J. F. Welden . . .

Total.

15

$103 25
12 85
17 50
20 00
26 00
72 65

8252 25

$5

25

85

2

50

1

75

4

15

2

65

$17 15

$5 85

$5 85

$2 00

J2 00

$5 25
2 85
2 50

1 75
10 00

2 65

$25 00

C. A. J
Hpnrv Oon ....

foHNSTON, Division (
1 S20 00

3hief, Easi

~ERN Division

W R Gibbs

2
3
2

21 00
50 00
71 55

$1 00

12 85

3 20

$1 00

.Tampa V M^oorev

12 85

$3 35

6 55

Total . . .

8

$162 55

$17 05

$3 35

$20 40

Ernest Fish .

R. B. Nichols, Division Chief, Adirondack Division
I 41 $64 001 $4 001 1

$4 OO

Btron a. Cameron, Division Chief, Northih i Adirondack Division
William M. Stearns I 11| $206 001 .?U <)0| I I $14 9

228

Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

Hunting and Trapping Licenses Issued During the Fiscal
Year October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1914

county

Resident

Non-
leaident

Non-
resident
taxpayers

Total

Albany

Allegany

Broome

Bronx

Cattaiaugns. .

Cayuga

Chautauqua. .
Chemung. . . .
Chenango . . . .

Clinton

Columbia. . . .

Cortland

Delaware. . . .

Dutchess

Eiie

Essex

Franklin

Fulton

Genesee

Greepe

Hamilton. . . .

Herkimer

Jefferson

Kings

Lewis

Livingston

Madison

Monroe

Montgomery .

Nassau

New Yoik

Niagara

Oneida

Onondaga . . . .

Ontario

Orange

Orleans

Oswego

Otsego

Putnam ,

Queens

Rensselaer . . . ,
Richmond. . . ,
Rocklard. ...
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga. ...
Schenectady .
Schoharie. . .
Schuyler ....

Seneca

Steuben

Suffolk

Sullivan

Tioga

Tompkins . . .

Ulster

Warren

Washington . .

Wayne

Westchester .
Wyoming . . .
Yates

Total .

3,825
3,156
2,212

15
4,564
3,150
4,824
2,383
3,266
2,035
2,402
1,853
3,406
3,280
6,827
3,988
3,719
2,853
1,953
2,637
1,561
3,681
5,436
2,081
2,774
3,042
2,420
6,457
2,356
2,642
4,181
2,467
5,763
6,705
4.111
5,610
1,494
4,106
3,2.52

664
1,197
2,723

546
1,945
5,438
4,385
2,491

916
1,127
1,339
6,111
6,215
3,352
1,839
2,437
4,695
2,605
2,310
3,747
3,630
2,124
1,379

195,702

20
20
20

160
40
20
20
20
20
80
20
20

160

100
240

60

220

220

200

60

80

100

1,060

200
20
20
40
20
40

20
80

20

200

60

40

40

400

20

20
40

20
40
60

4,360

20

30

10

40
10
20
40
30

30
90
30
20
10
20
10

280
■36

10

io

io

10

50
10

30
20
30
30
30

960

3,845
3,196
2,232
15
4,754
3,190
4,854
2.403
3,286
2,055
2,482
1,873
3,426
3,480
6,837
4,108
3,999
2,883
2,013
2,667
1,871
3,931
5,656
2,151
2.874
3,052
2,420
6,557
2,356
2,642
5,521
2,467
5,993
6.725
4,131
5,650
1,514
4,146
3.252

674
1,217
2.813

546
1.975
5,638
4,445
2,541

916
1,127
1,339
6,151
6,665
3,382
1.839
2.457
4.765
2,625
2,360
3.817
3,720
2.124
1.379

201,022

Conservation Commission

229

Record of Pheasants and Pheasants' Eggs Shipped from
THE State Game Farm at Sherburne, N. Y., During the
Year 1914.

Albany

Allegany. . . .

Broome

Bronx

Cattaraugus .

Cayuga

Chautauqua .
Chemung. . . .
Chenango . . .

Clinton

Columbia . . .
Cortland . . . .
Delaware . . . .
Dutchess . . . .

Erie

Essex .

Franklin. . . .

Fulton

Genesee

Greene

Hamilton ....
Herkimer. . .
Jefferson. . . .

Kings

Lewis

Li\'ingston . . .
Madison. . . .

Monroe

Montgomery .

Nassau

New York . . .

Niagara

Oneida

Onondaga. . .

Ontario

Orange

Orleans

Oswego

Otsego

Putnam

Queens

Rensselaer. . .
Richmond. . .
Rockland. . . .
St. Lawrence.
Saratoga. . . .
Schenectady .
Schoharie ....
Schuyler. . . .

Seneca

Steuben

Suffolk

Sullivan

Tioga

Tompkins. . .

Ulster

Warren

Washington . .

Wayne

Westchester .
Wyoming. . .
Yates

Total . . .

Eggs

300
360
585

630
90
420
105
180
450
690
300
555

1,035

1,770
165
555
135
90
150
180
480

1,805
30

1,505

76

180

120

1,302
270

750

2,730

2,075

15

960

45

1 , 530

570

285

160

375

75

345

765

955

180

114

60
750
955
240
585
415
285
345
480

15
685
285

31,541

Birds

30
108
289

56
18
42

15

16

61

13

61

60

110

25

26

77

5

4

6

81

300

96

25
6

66
32

45

187
55

102
6

144
38
16
17
32
20
29

111

59

27

6

41
89
18
223
36
24
31
14

45
15

6

3,064

230 Fourth Aa'^'ual Report of Conservation Commission

Sumnmi'y of Receipts

Hunting and trapping licenses $201,022 00

Fines and penalties 66,346 63

Net licenses 14,986 14

Trout tagged 6,585 00

Game tagged 5,993 70

Breeders' licenses (deer, etc.) 425 00

Trout tagging machines 300 00

Importation licenses 320 00

Possession of venison ■ 230 00

Licenses (furbearing animals) 135 00

Sale of skins (canfiscated) 108 10

Scientific licenses 60 00

JSpecial protectors' badges 26 00

Kent on trout tagging machines • 1 00

$296,538 82

ANNUAL REPORT

SUPERINTENDENT OF INLAND FISHERIES

[231]

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF INLAND FISHERIES

Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner:

Sir. — I respectfully submit herewith the report of the Bureau
of Inland Fisheries for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914,
showing receipts from licensed nets of $14,986.14, which would
have shown substantial increase from Seneca and Cayuga Lakes
and other waters had not permission to use nets therein been with-
drawn. These waters in former years gave a revenue amounting
approximately to $1,400 with the use of gill, fyke and trap nets.

The calendar year of 1913 shows that the total number of
pounds of fish taken was 5,574,062 with a valuation of $267,-
106.46. The following table gives the wonderful increase from
1903-1913 in the catch of herring, whitefish and lake trout and
the decrease in the catch of the shad:

1903 1913

(Cisco) herring 1,574,617 3,247,413

Whitefish 49,421 376,158

Lake trout 3,229 33,094

Shad 392,110 87,115

We attribute the increase of the herring (cisco), whitefish and
lake trout to the liberal stocking of our waters from nine hatch-
eries under the supervision of the Conservation Commission, and
the decrease of the shad to the pollution of the Hudson and Dela-
ware rivers and to the miles of nets along the Jersey shore and
the nets used below Verplanck's Point in the Hudson river in the
State of ISTew York; also the taking of the fingerling shad for
minnows, which greatly adds to said decrease. Nets used below
Verplanck's Point are not required to be licensed and said nets
are not prohibited from being used between sunset on Friday and
sunrise Monday morning, which prevents a great number of the

[233]

234 Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

shad from finding their way to the npper Hudson river, their
natural spawning ground. Said shad taken below Verplanck's
Point are not in condition for spawning, owing to the tempera-
ture of the water, and with these existing conditions, the Hudson
river cannot expeet an increase of shad to keep up the supply of
former vears.

J^etting the waters of the State of Isew York under license for
coarse fish (fish not protected by law) has received due considera-
tion by the present Conservation Commission, and a very liberal
policy has been enacted, yet the giving the people of the State a
more abundant supply of food fish has not been accepted by the
public for its true value. The removal of the coarse fish by
licensed nets has a tendency to make the hook and line fishing
better, as the net fishermen are not permitted to take any species
of the game fish. This has not been accepted by some of the hook
and line fishermen, yet the experimental work which the Com-
mission has done in the granting of licenses for the use of nets
in certain waters, has proved that hook and line fishing has been
improved. There is no valid reason why the objectionable fish
such as mullet, carp, catfish, dogfish, bullheads, suckers, eels, gar-
fish and ling should not be taken from our waters by netting,
which is the only method which may be successfully employed by
which benefits may be obtained. To wit: Ridding the waters of
the coarse fi^h, giving employment to a large number of men,
furnishing a more abundant supply of food fish, and putting
money into circulation.

Fishermen using licensed nets in the bays adjacent to Lake
Ontario have taken 46,600 pounds of dogfish, garfish, billfish and
ling the past season, thus relieving the waters of a destructive fish,
which further demonstrates the benefits derived from the use of
licensed nets in certain waters.

Fishermen netting the Erie Canal at the western wide waters
in Rochester under license, assisted the Commission in taking
1,317 small-mouth black bass, 3 pickerel, 5 pike, 20 silver bass
and 874 calico bass which were placed in Irondequoit Bay. This
was in December, 1913, and rescuing said fish from the canal at
that season of the year prevented the loss thereof.

The carp are finding their way into the waters of the State of

Conservation Commission 235

New York in great numbers. While they disturb the habits of
our better class of fish, they are a source of considerable profit to
the fishermen, and we should employ methods whereby the fisher-
men could take this class of fish before our waters are overrun
with them. The licensed fishermen took approximately 400,000
poimds of carp in 1913.

More than one million carp were taken from the waters of
Sandusky Bay in the State of Ohio in a period of four months
during this past summer, and large numbers have been taken at
other points in the State of Ohio.

The States of Illinois and Indiana are propagating carp, but as
the waters in these latter States are sluggish streams, they are
more adapted to this species of fish than the waters of the State
of ISTew York. We would not desire that the waters of this State
be stocked with carp, as the carp seem to be able to take care of
themselves.

Attached hereto find the statistical table of amounts collected,
number of nets used and the waters where said nets are used for
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914; also the statistical
table showing the waters from which fish were taken with licensed
nets, the number of pounds taken and the value of the same for
the calendar year of 1913.

M. 0. WOETS,
Superintendent, Inland Fisheries.

236

FouKTH Annual Repokt of the

Retukns of Licensed Fishermen
Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913

•

Chaumont
bay, etc.

Hudson river,
etc.

Lake Erie

Lake
Ontario

Seneca river,
Seneca and
Cayuga lakes

Bass (striped)

990

Bass (rock)

9,430
88,700
13,330

Bullheads

17,909
123,540

1,750
39,920

1,500
500

13 510

Carp

147 840

Catfish

Ciscos

15,150

5,740

62,580

2,974,824

85,445

Dogfish

900

Eels

2,572

2,050

92,175

18,010

1,420

Frostfish (tomcod)

Herring

Lake trout

3,904

1,740

27,100

350

Mullet

Perch

24,410

16,070

7,404

7,370

10,295

21,900

10,330

425,330

12,927

""isisoo

31,210

4,265

210

38,500

4,130

Pickerel

Pike (blue)

Pike (wall-eyed)

Shad

87,ii5

20,590

54,023

4,300

Sturgeon

730

127,330

27,610

4,225

3,530

9,030

600

15,500

Suckers

45,755

Sunfish

10,110

Whitefish

266,458

1 110

Billfish

Garpike

Total pounds

413,974

415,469

3,805,189

192,120

220,995

Total value

$27,761 30

$31,903 94

$139,289 00

$14,234 00

$9 087 52

Returns of Licensed Fishermen

Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913 —

{Continued)

Sodus, Fair

Haven bays,

etc.

Niagara river

Otsego lake

m

Sturgeon
set-lines

Sage Creek,

North and

Floodwood

ponds

Bass (striped)

Bass (rock)

Bullheads

46,065
6,950

3,480
12,713

30 210

Carp

400

2 580

Catfish

Ciscos

32,640

29,348

2,295

2,545

2 600

Dogfish

10 827

Eels

915

4,405

3 118

Frostfish (tomcod)

Herring

Lake trout

Mullet

Perch

1,365

Pickerel

Pike (blue)

6,125
97

Pike (wall-eyed)

Shad

Sturgeon

1,890
8,620

35,800
20

Suckers

2,025
22,460

11,669

2 820

Sunfish

7 850

Whitefish

89,975

Billfish

Garpike

3 500

Total pounds

141,783

37,750

101,644

40,625

63,505

Total value

$9,215 56

$3,795 65

$10,612 36

$7,536 16

$3,750 00

Conservation Commission

237

Keturns of Licensed Fishermen
Pounds of Fish Reported Caught During the Year 1913

(Continued)

Irondequoit
bay

Erie canal,
Monroe co.

Oswego,

Oneida rivers,

etc.

Other
waters

Bass (striped)

Bass (rock)

Bullheads

555

Carp

26,465

7,305

5,025

Catfish

Cisoos

44,634

518

42

Dogfish

220

Eels

34

41,635

41

Frostfish (tomcod)

Herring

Lake trout

Mullett

Perch

Pickerel

Pike (blue)

Pike (wall-eyed)

Shad

Sturgeon

100

Suckers

888

388

10,971

Sunfish

Whitefish

Billfish

1,635

480

Garpike

72

Total pounds

74,182

8,207

41,635

16,984

Total value

$4,999 12

$387 37

$3,445 00

$1,089 48

•

Total pounds of fish taken.
Total value of fish taken . . .

5,574.062
$267,106 46

Licensed Nets Used and Fees Paid October 1, 1913, to

September 30, 1914

Fyke

Scap

Gill

Seine

Stake

Row boat,

sail boat,

power boat

Trap

Hudson river, Delaware river,
Rondout creek

497

1C5
6

97

"si

....

54

-.30
61

16

66

66

"is

45
196

347

$3,580 33

1,290 00

2,560 50

1,697 00

158 00

4,187 73

Lake Ontario

Lake Erie

Chaumont bay

238
306

Otsego and Cayuga lakes. . . .

Nets for taking deleterious

fish

Minnow net licenses, 214

Sturgeon set line licenses, 324.

Eel weirs, 17

Niagara river scaps, 2

Machine traps, 8

$686 35

324

23

340

00

2

00

160

00

$14,986

14

SHIPMENTS OF DEER

BY

COMMON CARRIER— HUNTING ACCIDENTS, ETC.

[239]

SHIPMENTS OF DEER BY COMMON CARRIER

To the Superintendent of the American Express Company,
Mr. F. A. Hoyt, and the Superintendent of the National Express
Company, Mr. C. S. Colvin, we are indebted for the facts and
figures relative to shipment of deer hereto appended.

For the years 1911 and subsequent thereto, covering the period
since the creation of the Conservation Commission, the shipments
reported by the express companies have been as follows:

Carcasses Paddles Heads

1911 1,743 60 114

1912 968 41 120

1913 1,269 81 128

1914 1,266 109 143

Deer Shipments Season 1914
M. & M. Route

STATION

Carcass

Saddle

Hea

i Total

Weight

30

27

8

36

36

13

17

31

20

18

7

7

4

77

12

5

11

4

2

5

1

1

2

2

1

2

5

i

3

2

9

3

i

2

i

i

15
2

3 35

4 32
3 11

38

4 331

Big Moose

3,671

Brandreth

1 096

Carter

4 792

Childwold

41

5,224

Floodwood

13

1 740

Forestport

18

2 325

Fulton Chain

9 43
20

4,260

Gabriels

2 445

Hinckley

20

2,437

Horseshoe

1 8
7

994

Lake Clear Jet

1,004

Lake Kushaqua

4

537

Long Lake West

1 87

1 16
9 14

2 14

4

10 250

Loon Lake

1 908

Malone

1,041

McKeever

1 674

Minnehaha

580

Moulin

2

299

Mountain View

2 7
1

803

Nehasane

135

Nelson

1

150

Otter Lake

2

290

Owls Head

2 2

2 53

11

5

2

31

7

15

90

1 31

8

34

Piercefield

51
11

3

2
30

7
14
75
28

8

1,897

Pleasant Lake

1,471

Poland

. .«

515

Rainbow

250

Raquette Lake

3,936

Saranac Inn

1,038

Saranac Lake

1,847

Tupper Lake Jet

10,103

White Lake Corners

3,802

Woods Lake

1,186

603

50

40 693

1

77,965

[241]

242

Fourth Annual Report of the

N. Y. & 0. Route

STATION

Carcass

Saddle

Head

Total

Weight

Bay Pond

2
3
7
5
2
5

23
6

27
8
5

24

11

2

........

i

ii

2
3

7

5

4

5

23

6

28

8

16

24

12

295

Brandon

340

Childwold

775

Derrick

760

Dickinson Center

313

Downeys

730

Kildare

2 995

Madawaska

830

Meno

3 945

Moira

1 234

St. Regis Falls

777

Santa Clara

4 269

Spring Cove

1 546

128

4

11

143

18,799

Aldrich

R. ^Y.

d' 0.

Route (
1

[C. & A

. Branc)

1
80
14
6
1
60
18

140

Benson Mines

68

14

6

1

51

18

7
6

5

3

10 483

Harrisville

1 966

Kalurah

905

Natural Bridge

124

Newton Falls

8 030

Oswegatchie

2 650

159

13

8

180

24,298

R., W. & 0. Route.

Antwerp

2
2
1
2
1

i

i

8

I

2
2
3
2
9
1
1
28

266

Canton

267

Eben

210

Edwards

258

Hermon

469

Massena

27

Norwood

1
28

157

Potsdam

4,131

37

1 10

48

5,785

Dolgeville.

Alder Creek.
Boonville . . . ,
Brier Hill. . . ,
Carthage. . . ,

Croghan

Glenfield

Lowville

Lyons Falls. ,
Port Leyden.

Prospect

Remsen

Fonda

F

., J. & (

2

n

T.

Boute

i

ii

>

6

2
11

1
64

251

Gloversville

10

1
47

1,519

Johnstown

117

Northville ,

6,876

60

12

6

78

8.763

Little Falls <£• Dolgeville Rotite

R., ir. cO 0. {U. & B. Route)

7
4
1

23
21

8
10

4
12

3

7
4
1
1

27

23
8

10
5

12
3

445

1,002

540

125

4

3,455

2,985

1,203

1,484

645

1,524

408

93

101

13,375

Conservation Commission

243

Recapitulation, American Express Co.

STATIOX

Carcass

Saddle

Head

Total

Weight

M. & M. Rte

603

128

1.59

37

60

3

93

50
4

13
1

12

6

40
11

8

10

6

2

693
143

180

48

78

3

101

77,965

N. Y. & O. Rte

18 799

R., W. & 0. (C. & A. Rte.)

24 , 298

R,. W. &

5 785

F., J. & G. Rte

8 763

L., F. & D

445

R., W. & 0. (U. & B. R.)

13,375

1.083

86

77

1,246

149.430

D. £■ H. R. R., Intra-State

From

Ausable Forks, jST. Y

Bloomingdale, is^. Y 1

*Big Indian, X. Y . 3

Corinth, jST. Y 1

Dannemora, X. Y 1

Glens Falls, K. Y 1

Hadley, :N^. Y 2

Hudson Falls, i^. Y

Keeseville, X. Y

Lake Placid, ^. Y 1

Loon Lake, N. Y 4

Lyon Mountain, X. Y 1

Lake George, IST. Y 1

*Mt. Pleasant, IST. Y

North Creek, X. Y 104

Port Henry, X. Y

Port Kent, N. Y

Pittsburgh, N. Y

*Phoenecia, IST. Y

Kussia, X. Y

Eay Brook, X. Y

Riverside, X. Y

Saratoga Springs, N". Y

Standish, X. Y

Stony Creek, X. Y

Carcases Saddles Head .

6
1

2
1
2
3
3
5
31

1
1

D
1

3

G

a

1
(>

o

1

2

1

4
14

4

2

3
1

1

o

♦Big Indian, Mt. Pleasant and Phoenecia shipments originated on Ulster & Delaware R. R.

244 Fourth Annual Report of the

D. & H. B. B., Intrastate — Continued

From Carcases Ssddles Heads

Ticonderoga, N". T 1 ... 3

TheGlen, N. Y 1

Thurman, N. Y 1

Westport, N. Y 5 ... 2

182 23 64

D. & H. B. B., Inter-State

Cambridge, N. Y

Saratoga Springs, N". Y 1

-i I

TOTAL SHIPMENTS OF DEER BY EXPRESS, 1914

American Express Co 1,083 86 77

N'ational Express Co 183 23 66

1,266 109 143

List of Deer Shipments — Weight 200 Pounds and Over

American Express Company

Weight i"V^ Shipping station Consignee Destination

210 Beaver River G. B. Ludington Buffalo.

200 Childwold N. LaValley Tupper Lake Jet.

200> ChUdwold H. P. Norris Utica.

200 Childwold H. Evans North Lawrence.

200 Loon Lake J. F. Gardner Binghamton.

255 Malone M. Lifysan Yonkers.

214 McKeever F. G. Peabody Albany.

200 Piercefield A. J. Waite Binghamton.

200 Piercefield E. C. Newman Ballina.

205 Saranac Inn D. U. Dunn New York.

210 Saranac Lake E. W. Cook Rockville Center.

225 Tupper Lake Jet John MuUer Buffalo.

223 Tupper Lake Jet H. S. Ross Boston, Mass.

200 White Lake Corners ... J. Wagner Utica.

200 Downeys Wm. Parks St. Regis Falls.

250 Kildare CD. Cornish New York.

200 Kildare J. Donovan Rochester.

200 Meno B. Snell Dickinson Center.

200 ...... Meno F. Cheney Dickinson Center.

200 Meno W. H. Keene Watertown.

200 Meno F. F. Fullerton St. Regis Falls.

200 Meno F. Lemink St. Regis Falls.

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION

245

Llst of Deer Shipments — Continued.

Weight Shipping Station Consignee Destination

216 Moira J. Patch Rouses Point.

203 Moira Neil G. Miller Woburn, Mass.

210 Santa Clara G. Kyson Machias.

202 Santa Clara L. Lowell Machias.

216 Santa Clara A. Kreth Brooklyn.

218 Santa Clara G. Kratzen Buffalo.

218 Santa Clara C. Ehil Hamburg, N. Y.

221 Santa Clara G. A. Stearns . . . ." Hamburg, N. Y.

228 Spring Cove W. Schmith White Plains.

212 Benson Mines A. S. Herrick SjTacuse.

200 Benson Mines J. M. Lyons Albion.

220 Benson Mines B. Stewart Hamilton.

206 Benson Mines T. O. Glenn Bradford, Pa.

206 Benson Mines U. R. Owens Watertown.

204 Newton Falls R. H. Hogan ■ Antwerp.

204 Newton Falls S. Todd Potsdam.

210 Newton Falls G. A. Gottett Syracuse.

212 Newton Falls D. E. Lillis Syracuse.

210 Newton Falls Wm. Day Watertown.

218 Newton Falls G.M.Waldo Watertown.

204 Oswegatchie J. H. Himis Harrisville.

235 Oswegatchie A. Ellis Adams.

228 Oswegatchie F. H. Parker Pennellsville.

200 Oswegatchie C. Edminster Cato.

206 Hermon W. A. Carpenter Chittenango.

200 Gloversville A. J. Sloan Fonda.

205 Gloversville D. E. Hunt Palatine Bridge.

200 Dolgeville G. Carlisle Syracuse.

200 Clenfield J. M. Joslyn Lyons.

205 Lyons Falls H. H. Tompkins Utica.

200 Port Leyden S. Downer Buffalo:

200 Port Leyden L. E. Stone Bouckville.

National Express ComjMny

FROM

Date

Weight

Nov. 14

215

Nov. 6

208

Nov. 6

213

Oct. 19

203

Oct. 16

210

Oct. 6

200

Nov. 5

235

Oct. 6

200

Nov. 14

240

Nov. 14

219

Consignee

Destination

Dannemora, N. Y.
North Creek, N. Y
North Creek, N. Y
North Creek. N. Y
North Creek, N. Y

North Creek, N. Y
North Creek, N. Y
Ray Brook, N. Y..
Standish, N. Y....
Stony Creek, N. Y

W. P. Powers

Earl Duca

George Duca

Geo. G. Starne. . .
Arthur H. Chris

tigan

H. G. Corwin. ...
Guy Ellsworth. . .

A. Adier

S. S. Cooledge

Edw. J. Neville. . .

Troy, N. Y.
Schenectady, N. Y.
Schenectady, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.

Brooklyn, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
Binghamton, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
Lyon Mountain, N. Y.
Ballston Springs, N. Y.

HUNTING ACCIDENTS

During the 1914 deer season there were only five deer hunting
accidents, with three fatalities, according to the reports made to
the Conservation Commission by the game protectors. There is

246 FouKTH A^'xuAL Report of the

no evidence to show that a single one of the live victims was shot
at in mistake for a deer.

Out of the twenty-two hunting accidents reported to the Con-
servation Commission up to the close of the deer season, seventeen
occurred in the pursuit of small game, attended by five deaths.
Although most of the casualties indicated gross carelessness on
the part of the hunters, the sportsmen of the State are undoubtedly
exercising more care than ever before in the handling of weapons.
When it is remembered that there are over 200,000 licensed hunt-
ers in the State, besides thousands who can legally hunt on their
own fanns without licenses, the list of only a score of accidents
is reducing casualties in pursuit of a hazardous sport to the
minimum.

The death of Donald Curran, a lumberjack of Old Forge, whose
body was found October 23 in the woods about one mile from the
outlet of Kiln Lake by Herbert Hillard, is included in the list of
five deer hunting fatalities. The man had been dead about ten
days. He had a gun and pack basket. The first reports on the
case were to the effect that Curran had probably been struck by
a stray bullet, but the coroner is investigating to ascertain if it
miii:ht have been murder.

Ellis Shimmel, aged 20, of Mohawk, while hunting deer on
November 8, in the town of Colton, slipped and fell as he was
crossing a rustic bridge, resulting in the accidental discharge of
his own rifle. The bullet entered his body, causing death.

Edward Mcintosh, aged 30, of Carthage, hunting deer with his
father, Henry Mcintosh, and his brother, Easter Mcintosh, near
Harrisville, October 9, was hit in the breast by a buck shot and
seriously wounded. The father claims he shot at a running buck
with a shot gun and did not know his son was in range.

Mark Carey, a guide of Sodom, was shot in the thigh while
hunting in a party of seven in the vicinity of the Chatiemac Club.
A deer was surrounded by the hunters. Carey and another hunter
fired at the animal about the same time, his friend's bullet's strik-
ing him instead of the game. Carey is recovering.

John Lawless, of Gabriels, hunting deer on Osgood river, near
Paul Smith's, sat in boat with muzzle of gim pointing towards
him. In reaching for the gnn it slipped and hit the rib of boat and
contents of barrel was discharged into his abdomen, killing him.

CoNSEKVATIO^f CoMMISSIO^" 247

The accidents which occurred to small game hunters were as
follows: Jndson Warner, of the town of Chenango, Broome
county, while hunting woodchucks in company with J. Bruce
Allen, in the town of Barker, August 27th, was mistaken for a
woodchuck by his friend, fired at and fatally wounded. Warner
died in the Binghamton hospital August 29th.

Mark Hill, of Berrington, duck hunting on South Lake, near
Lyndhurst, was accidentally shot by his companion, named Van
Coot, the wound resulting fatally. The men had stepped from
their boat and were unloading their guns on shore when Van
Coot's weapon was accidentally discharged.

Guy Meyers, of Model City, Niagara county, was accidentally
shot and killed by his companion on a bird hunting trip in Oc-
tober. A charge of bird shot entered his hip at close range.

Benjamin J. Hill, the 1.5-year-old son of Benjamin Hill, of
Cohoes, was accidentally shot and killed by another lad named
McGraw, with whom he was hunting along the Mohawk opposite
Cohoes.

Fern Dunsheen, the 8-year-old daughter of Clarence Dunsheen,
of Sidney Center, Delaware county, while out berrying, was mis-
taken for a woodchuck by a hunter, shot and fatally wounded.
The child expired in the hospital at Oneonta.

John McMullen, of Painted Post, hunting in the woods in the
vicinity- of that village October 1, was- accidentalh^ shot in the
leg, back and wrist by his companion, Leo Craig, with a shot gun.

Halsey Le Grange, of Prattsburg, was seriously injured hunt-
ing with two companions, by the accidental discharge of his own
shot gun, which occurred while he was climbing over a log.

Bertram Casler, of Little Falls, was accidentallv shot bv his
brother, John Casler, when they were hunting partridge near St.
Johns\'ille. The shot entered the knee and bodv. IN^ot fatal.

John Sloane, of Red Mills, hunting ducks around Big Island,
St. Lawrence river, was shot in the left foot bv the accidental dis-
charge of his own gun. The gun slipped on the boat seat.

Walter Weaver and Merritt Babcock, of Petersburg, were acci-
dentally shot near that place October 1. Weaver stumbled, drop-
ping his shot gun, which was discharged, wounding Weaver in
the shoulder and his companion in the knee.

Mrs. Cady, of Ballston, was accidentally shot near Harrisburg

248 Annual Report of the Conservation Commission

by a man who was attempting to unload a gun. The shot sti*uck
the woman in both legs and also shot oflF the end of her fingers on
the right hand.

James Quiglej, of Norfolk, hunting for partridge in the vicinity
of Madrid, was accidentally shot in the face by his companion,
Mark Goodnow, when the latter fired at a partridge.

A. L. Burger, of Hornell, while hunting near Hartsville,
climbed aver a fence, accidently discharging his shot gun, and lost
a finger.

Wilford Kleisler, son of Julian Kleisler, of Southampton, was
accidentally shot by George Whitby. Young Kleisler was in a
boat on Taylor's creek with several other lads. They had a fiobert
rifle, which was accidentally discharged, the bullet entering the
spine and thence through the stomach. The lad died after an
operation in the Southampton hospital.

John Thompson, of JSTew York, was accidentally shot in both
feet by Walter Young, of Chestertown, while on a hunting trip
on Panther mountain. They were hunting partridge and had
rested to clean their guns. Young's repeating shot gun was acci-
dentally discharged.

Robert White, of Oneonta, hunting rabbits with a party, was
accidentally shot by his brother, Marshall White, of Arena. He
received a charge of number six shot at close range, but will
recover.

RETURN OF THE BEAVER TO THE ADIRONDACKS

[249]

RETURN OF THE BEAVER TO THE ADIRONDACKS

The beaver has been restored to his favorite haunts, the Adiron-
dacks, by means of restocking and effective protection, according
to the reports of systematic observations of protectors and others
received bv the Conservation Commission. These investigations
show that there are to-day between 1,500 and 2,000 beaver in the
wilds, which the Iroquois Indians called ^'^ Koh-sa-ra-ga," " The
Beaver-Hunting-Country," and whose o\vnership was challenged
by the Canadian tribe, styled in derision by the Mohawks, the
"Adirondacks," the " Tree Eaters."

The Adirondacks to-day are again entitled to their old Iroquois
name, for they are rapidly becoming the country of the Beaver,
although this favorite fur bearing animal is no longer persecuted
by the trapper and hunter.

The Legislature of 1903 appropriated $500 to begin the re-
stocking of the Adirondacks with beaver and in 1905 three pairs
were liberated. One pair were given their liberty on a small
stream entering the south branch of Moose river, where another
beaver which had escaped from the Woodruff presence had built
a dam. The other four were liberated on the northeast inlet of
Big Moose Lake, but moved over into Beaver river, twenty miles
to the northeast, to begin housekeeping. During 1905 Edward
H. Litchfield liberated about a dozen beavers in his preserve near
Big Tupper Lake, and several of these escaped into adjoining
preserves.

In 1905 there was reported to the Fish and Game Commission
the existence of a " small native colony of beavers, the last of the
remnants of the original stock, inhabiting tlie waters northwest
of upper Saranac Lake." That year the Commission placed a
" conservative estimate of the beaver in the xVdirondacks " at
" about forty."

[251]

252 Fourth Annual Report of the

In 1906 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 for continuing
the restocking of the Adirondacks with beaver and the following
year seventeen were obtained from Yellowstone Park and dis-
tributed. The Commission gave the beaver census that year at
100.

In 1904, about the time the State of *New York began its work
of restoring the beaver to his native habitat, an authority* on
'^American Animals " recorded in his book the sad fact that " the
beaver is now nearly extinct in the United States." Much general
interest has been displayed in the work of restoration in this
State and the Conservation Commission is happy to say that
popular co-operation has made the task of protecting Castor cana-
densis a comparatively easy one.

Locations of Beaver

The reports received by the Conservation Commission show that
beaver are multiplying rapidly and are taking possession of their
ancient heritage in many different sections of the Adirondacks.

Colton District. Protector Smith of Colton reports three
colonies in his territory of the Raquette river country.

Cranberry Lake District. Protector Hand of Cranberry Lake
records 1 colony on Grasse river below the reservoir; 1 colony
on Cranberry Lake Inlet; 1 colony on Bog river; and " signs in
the Town of Webb."

Croghan District. Protector Andre of Croghan reports 2
colonies at Sunday Lake; 1 at Stillwater, Beaver river; 1 at
Francis Lake; 1 at upper end of Watertown Light and Power
dam ; 2 on west branch of Oswegatchie river. All '' good sized
colonies with larsre houses." Also a few beaver scattered in
various places, without permanent habitat as yet.

Forestport District. Protector Bellinger of Forestport reports
3 colonies on the Black river; 1 at Kayuta pond'; 1 three miles
above Enos where they have built a dam ; 1 on the Stillwater below
ISTorth Lake ; 1 colony on north branch of North Lake ; 1 colony
on second Stillwater above Honondaga Lake on West Canada
Creek; several colonies on Indian river. Also reported by pro-
tector Ball, 1 colony on Wintime pond; 1 on Little Black Creek;
2 on Twin Lakes streams : 3 on Bia: Woodhull streams.

Conservation Commission 253

Fulton Chain District. Protector Ball of Old Forge enu-
merates and locates no less than 79 colonies, with 76 dams, in-
habited by 223 beaver. The beaver locations in Ball's district
are: Old Forge Pond, Big Spring Creek, First Lake and marshes.
Second Lake, Third Lake, Fourth Lake, Fifth Lake, Sixth Lake,
Seventh Lake, Eighth Lake, Cedar Creek, Black Mt. Creek,
Eagle Creek, Limekiln Creek, Red river, Indian river (mostly
bank beaver), l^ick's Lake, Dry Lake (not dry now, flooded by
beaver), Moose river (bank beaver), Hellgate Creek, Indian
Spring Creek, Inlet of Big Otter, North Branch above Fulton
Chain, Eondax Lake, Snake Pond, Chub Pond, Constable Pond,
Queer Lake, south and west branches Beaver river.

J. Gilbert Hoffman, of Fulton Chain, finds that the beaver are
increasing rapidly in various sections he has visited. He found
a colony at Red Horse Chain and others reported by protectors.
In that territory the intelligent animals have apparently lost most
of their natural fear of man. A beaver dam on Eagle Creek which
caused the flooding of the highway, was torn down under the
direction of Protector Ball. The beaver reconstructed the dam
over night. In another interesting case, the beaver insisted on
invading Dr. Nicholl's property on First Lake. Protector Ball
placed a lighted lantern in a lodge of the intruders, but they re-
fused to take the hint to move on, and industriously extended their
lodge over and around the warning beacon. Then in order to
circumvent the trespassing beaver, the men put up a wire fence
so the beaver could not get into Nicholl's yard where they were
cutting poplars for food. Thereupon the wily animals vindicated
the assertion of a scientist who said that "beaver aparently de-
pend more upon reason and less upon instinct than do the majority
of the forest folk." They piled wood against the fence and easily
climed over into the forbidden territory.

Mr. Hoffman says the Brown's Tract Lumber Company is glad
to see the beaver restored to the Adirondacks. In his opinion
they do no great damage except in rare cases where they become
so tame as to invade summer camp groves.

Glenfield District. Protector VerSnyder of Glenfield reports
the beaver numerous in his section : 1 colony at Mud Hole Pond ;
1 at Little Pine Lake; 1 on Pine Creek; 1 on Crawford's Fish

254 FouKTH Annual Report of the

Pond. Protector (^uirk of Pulaski reports that he has not learned
of any beaver in Oswego County. He has information of 1 colony
on Crooked Creek, Lewis County, one mile from south end of
Stoney Lake, and 1 colony east of the north end of Stoney Lake
in Independence river.

Gloversville District. Protector Masten reports that " the
beaver made several visits to Fulton County," but founded no per-
manent colonies. It is possible that the few beaver in that sec-
tion are '' bank dwellers," as the animals, when disturbed by or
not yet accustomed to civilization, do not build lodges.

Keene District. Protector Seckington, Elizabethtown, reports
in September a beaver colony at Hull's Falls, town of Keene. On
December 10 he reported discovering a new colony which has
constructed a dam about 75 feet long, and flooding about 25 acres,
on Gates Brook. The animals have built a lodge 15 feet in
diameter accommodating 10 to 12 beaver.

Lake Pleasant District. Protector LI owl and of Speculator, re-
ports very numerous in his territory : On Miami river, two dams
with at least 20 beaver at each, and a third dam building in Sep-
tember on that river ; 1 colony on Mill Brook ; 2 large dams on
Whitney Creek. To support the first dam, the beaver have built
a dam half a mile below, backing up the water to it that distance.
The first dam floods the stream one mile. One small colony on
Mosey Fly stream. One large dam on outlet of Spencer Lake,
with back water of two miles, inhabited by at least 200 beaver.
Large colony and dam on north branch of Sacandaga river, with
30 to 40 inhabitants. Beaver in September were building a new
dam on Samson Lake outlet and colony is established there.

Long Lake District. Protector Butler of Long Lake reports
at least 30 beaver in his section. He makes this observation of
special interest to the trout anglers: " The people living in this
section think the beaver are doing fine and are glad to see them
back. They tell me the beaver are a protection to our small
streams containing trout, because the beaver builds dams and
flood the marshes back of the dams. This makes it hard for the
fishermen to fish all the pools and gives the trout a chance to
grow."

CONSEEVATION COMMISSION 255

Newcomh District. Protector Bissell of Xewcomb reports 2
large colonies in the town of North Hudson ; 1 colony in the tOAvn
at Minerva and 4 colonies in the town of Newcomb.

Plattshurgh District. Protectors North and Kirbj report
from Plattsburgh that they found a '' good sized colony " of
beaver on Smith's Kiln Brook, town of Saranac, Clinton county.
The animals have built a dam 35 feet long, flooding an acre.

Protector Riley of Plattsburg learned that the colony which had
established itself near the mouth of the Ausable river last spring
had moved up near Ausable Forks.

Protector Kirby of Brainardsville makes report of a colony on
Redford Brook.

Raquette Lake District. Protector Lynn of Raquette Lake
makes a detailed report of numerous colonies in his territory,
showing over 250 beaver inhabitants. His record of locations
is as follow^s: In Township 40, colonies on Bowlder Brook; 1
on Beaver Brook ; 1 on Otter Brook ; 2 on Brown's Tract Inlet ; 1
on Brandeth Lake stream; 1 on Marion river. In Township 41, 1
colony on Cascade Lake stream ; 1 on Shallow Lake stream ; 1
on Cranberry Pond ; 1 on Eagle Creek ; 2 on Two Sisters Pond.
In Township 39, 2 colonies on north branch of Shingle Shanty
stream; 1 on East Pond. In Township 36, 1 colony on Big
Salmon Lake ; 1 on Carey Pond ; 1 on Rack Pond stream ; 1 on
Flat Fish Pond; one on Bottle Pond stream. In Township 35,

1 colony on Loose Pond stream; 2 on North Bay Brook, Forked
Lake ; 1 on ITpper Sargeant Pond. In Township 34, 2 colonies
on T'tawanta Lake ; 1 on Loon Brook. In Township 6, 1 colony on
Marion river ; 2 on South Inlet ; 1 on Bear Brook. In Township
5, 1 colony on Brown's Tract Pond. In Township 3, 2 colonies
on Hess Pond; 1 colony on Fifth Lake; 1 colony on Seventh
Lake; 2 colonies on Red river. In Township 4, 2 colonies on
Falls Pond ; 2 colonies on Mitchell Pond ; 1 on Summer Creek ;

2 on Indian river.

St. Regis District. William Bump, a caretaker of the Brook-
lyn Cooperage Company's tract on the St. Regis river, reports
the beaver becoming quite numerous around the Ten Mile. Henry
House of the Five Mile Camp, St. Regis river, found several
families of beaver on Alder Brook.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES

[257j

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

SUPERVISOR OF MARINE FISHERIES

Hon. James J. Fox, Deputy Commissioner: '"

Sir. — I herewith transmit report of the Bureau of Marine
Fisheries for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914, as
required by section 303, part 10, of the Conservation Law.

During the past year a great deal has been accomplished by
this bureau to promote the shellfish industry of the State and
to insure the consumer a wholesome pure food product. It is
the aim of this bureau to supervise all shellfish, from the water
through all hands until it reaches the consumer, which up to
this time has been impossible, owing to the fact that we have no
appropriation from the Legislature to pay for the services of a
bacteriologist, nor have we sufiicient appropriation to provide
a boat and outside force enough to carry on this work as it
should be.

It is very important that this great industry be protected as
far as possible. We find that most oyster growers are desirous
of complying with the sanitary rules laid down by the Commis-
sion and are anxious to have certificates issued showing that
their product is taken under sanitary conditions. I would
recommend that this bureau issue sanitary certificates at as early
a date as possible.

This bureau should be provided with a boat, large enough to
patrol the East river and Long Island Sound, to protect the
State lands and make surveys on lands leased to oyster growers.
Under existing conditions, this department is dependent upon
people who make application for oyster leases to take our pro-
tectors to the ground for inspection and then to take our sur-
veyor to the ground for survey.

Considerable caution has been exercised by this department
to prevent the leasing of natural growth oyster grounds, and thus
far this bureau has been very successful in that respect, having

[259]

260 FouKTH Annual Repoet of the

a thorough examination made by our protectors to see that the
grounds do not contain natural growth.

We have compiled with considerable care statistics that will
show in a general way the size of the shellfish industry. These
figures are not absolutely certain, but are the most available data
that we could compile at this time from facts and figures at
hand. This statement is attached hereto.

In compiling the same, we are indebted to the efforts of the
late Supervisor, the Hon. Edwin Bailey, whom this department
had the misfortune of losing by death during the month of July
of this year. Mr. Bailey at his death, although unexpected, left
the affairs of this bureau in the same condition they would have
been in had he had time to prepare the affairs before his death;
which was the spirit he always displayed in both his private and
public affairs, being a credit to himself and to the people whom
he served.

During the month of April of this year, a rule was inau-
gurated by the Commission permitting the granting of leases for
large acreage of heretofore uncultivated lands in Long Island
Sound, at the rate of $0.50' per acre, that the oyster growers
might experiment with these lands, but this has not been taken
advantage of to any great extent up to this time. I have reason
to believe, however, that it is a good rule if properly supervised
and one that in the near future will be taken advantage of to a
greater extent by the oyster growers.

You wiU observe by comparison that the financial report of
the bureau for the last fiscal 3^ear shows a material increase in
receipts over the report of the previous year, the total receipts
of this bureau being $33,400.13, being an increase of more than
six thousand dollars. The report is sufficiently prepared in
detail to require no further comment.

The report of the Surveyor of the Bureau of ]\Iarine Fisheries
is hereto attached. Such recommendations as he makes are con-
curred in by me.

Yours very respectfully,

DAYTON HEDGES,

December 29, 1914. Supervisor,

Conservation Commission 261

STATISTICS RELATIVE TO THE OYSTER INDUSTRY

Total number of acres held under lease and

franchise 31,645.65

Acres cultivated under lease 15,Y33.6

Acres cultivated under franchise 15,912.05

Total number of acres cultivated 31,645.65

Is'umber of steam vessels employed 68

Tonnage of steam vessels employed 5,262

!N^umber of power vessels employed other than

steam 26Y

Tonnage of power vessels employed 2,131

Value of steam vessels and appliances $418,250 00

Value of power vessels and appliances 390,200 00

Total value of vessels and appliances. . . . $808,450 00

Value of shore property used in business $375,200 00

Number of hands employed 1,7Y6

Total amount of wages paid in past year 723,233 00

Bushels of seed oysters produced 1,635,640

Bushels of seed oysters sold 851,410

Bushels of seed oysters planted 5,046,500

Bushels of market oysters sold 5,556,350

Bushels of clams sold 190,550

Principal market — United States.

SURVEYOR'S REPORT

Hon. Dayton Hedges, Supervisor Bureau Marine Fisheries,
295 Broadway, New York City:

Dear Sik. — The following is the report of the surveys made in
connection with the location of lands under water used for shell-
fish cultivation during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914.
Appended hereto is a list of the lots surveyed showing a total area
of 3769.6 acres.

During the season a new set of triangulation stations near
Smithtown Bay were located. The inspection of signals on Long
Island was continued, and the majority were found to be in good
condition.

As the old polyconic projection lease maps of the shell-fish
grounds in Raritan Bay and Lower IS^ew York Bay are rapidly
deteriorating, new maps were plotted and the transfer of the lots
thereto begun.

During the past year much work has been done by myself and
assistant in collecting data and making reports relative to the
sanitary condition of the shellfish grounds. Detailed lists have
been prepared showing the location and acreage of all the shell-
fish grounds in New York State waters, including those leased by
various counties and towns.

I beg to call attention to the recommendations made in my
report of last year of the necessity of making a triangulation sur-
vey of the shellfish grounds in the Hudson river. The use of a
boat is necessary for this work, and is also essential for the com-
pletion of the inspection of signals on Long Island and the re-
establishment of those which have doubtless been destroyed.

I also beg to recommend that the conservation law be amended
so as to require the marking with flags of all corner buoys or
stakes.

Respectfully submitted,

EDWARD H. SARGENT,

Surveyor Bureau Marine Fisheries.

December 14, 1914.

[262]

Annual Report of the Conservation Commission 263

Shellfish Grounds Surveyed between September 30, 1913,

AND September 30, 1914

LESSEE

Lot No.

Acreage

Location

Remarks

Samuel Y. Bavles . ,
N. Y. Oyster Co. . .
N. Y. Oyster Co . . .
N. Y. Oyster Co. . .
N. Y. Oyster Co . . .
N. Y. Oyster Co . . .
Henry C. Rowe . . . .

Chas. Schopp

Chas. Schopp

John M. Benner. . .
John M. Benner. . . ,

Geo. M. Stm

Geo. M. Still

W. C. Forth Co....

J. Frank Terry

J. Frank Terry

Number of lots

N. Y. Oyster Co . . .
N. Y. Oyster Co. . .
N. Y. Oyster Co . . .
N. Y. Oyster Co. . .
N. Y. Oyster Co . . .

Number of lots

1,026
1,025
1,027
1,028
1,029
1,030
1,031
1,032
1.033
990A
989A
989B
990B
781
997
992

16

14
15
16
17

18

71.7
124.6

81.2
466.0

30

207

1,163

1

1

50.0
150.0
50.0
50.0
42.8
108.4
60.0

2,648.6

545.0
169.4

55.9
165.5

36.2

972.0

Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay. .
Raritan bay.
Raritan bay.

Hudson river.
Hudson river.
Hudson river.
Hudson river.
Hudson river.

Relocation survey.

F.-i'd Ronik

Edwin H. Lewis.

Nimiber of lots.
N. Y. Oyster Co. . .

TOWNSHIPS

/ 3,3571
I 4,457/

328

56.5
26.2

82.7

Total number of lots.
Total acerage

L. I. Sound.
L. I. Sound.

East river.

23

3,769.6

264

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Conservation Commission

265

Rents Due and Collected for Current Year, October 1,

1913, TO October 1, 1914

Schedule "A'

Name

Date

Wm. John McGrory Oct. 8, 1913

Pausch Bros. Ovster Co Oct. 8, 1913

Charles Olsen Oct. 9, 1913

Geo. M. Still, Inc Oct. 14, 1913

Geo. M. Still, Inc Oct. 14, 1913

Geo. M. Still, Inc Oct. 14, 1913

Elmer I. Palmer Oct. 14, 1913

Elmer I. Palmer Oct. 14, 1913

Elmer I. Palmer Oct. 14, 1913

Elmer I. Palmer Oct. 14, 1913

Elmer I. Palmer Oct. 14, 1913

A. L. Field Oct. 15, 1913

Howard Gould '. Oct. 15, 1913

Howard Gould Oct. 15, 1913

John I. Merrell Ottt. 16, 1913

E. M. Gunn Oct. 16, 1913

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co Oct. 16, 1913

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co Oct. 16, 1913

John T. Bird Oct. 16, 1913

Jesse V. Golden Oct. 16, 1913

Geo. W. Robinson Oct. 17, 1913

Benjamin M. Merrill Oct. 17, 1913

Benjamin M. Merrill Oct. 17, 1913

Benjamin M. MerriU Oct. 17, 1913

Charles V. Leviness Oct. 17, 1913

Charles V. Leviness Oct. 17, 1913

Lars Larsen Oct. 17, 1913

Lars Larsen Oct. 17, 1913

Androvette & Thompson Oct. 21, 1913

Androvette & Thompson Oct. 21, 1913

• Androvette & Thompson Oct. 21, 1913

Matinecock Oyster Co Oct. 21, 1913

Matinecock Oyster Co Oct. 21, 1913

Matinecock Oyster Co Oct. 21, 1913

Bayles, Bumstead & Fletcher Oct. 21, 1913

Bayles & Thorne Oct. 21, 1913

Bayles & Thorne Oct. 21, 1913

Bayles & Thorne Oct. 21, 1913

S. Y. Bayles Oct. 21, 1913

Jacob Brady Oct. 21, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

Polworth & Elsworth Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Ovster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

New York Oyster Co Oct. 23, 1913

Lease No. Amount

801
1,320
1,361
685
686
1,330
692
700
732
733
739
1,083
624
625
1,434
556
1,383
1,410
551
1,365
1,426
779
780
781
761
762
1,357
1,358
1,088
1,335
1,336
629
636
1,070
699
555
702
1,348
588
745
586
644
645
725
724
1,432
1,433
545
587
680
681
682
695
705
706
707

SIO 30
288 00

4
1

40

35

35

13 60

1 15

15 63

8 20

3 75
8 00

8 80
26 50

6 40
42 80

1 30
300 00
200 00

6 15

4 40
6 00

40

50

70

1 80

1 00
4 00

2 40
18 00
40 00
46 40

9 60

6 05
400 00

45 05
15 70
10 95
57 20

7 25
6 90

3 13
55

2 30

4 50
13 50

22 80
91 60
12 45

2 80

1 20
a 45

12 55

173 90

75

23 90

2 50

266

Fourth Annual Report of the

Eents Due and Collected for Current Year — (Continued)

Name D

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct..

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

New York Oyster Co Oct.

Lars Larsen Oct.

H. E. Mackey Oct.

Chas. Weber Oct.

Chas. Weber Oct.

Chas. Weber Oct.

Lucius C. Jones Oct.

Alfred Jones Oct.

John C.Allen Oct.

John C. Allen Oct.

John C. Allen Oct.

Bayles & Still Nov.

Merrell & Burbank Nov.

Merrell & Burbank Nov.

Daniel Burbank '. Nov.

F. F. Downs Nov.

F. F. Downs Nov.

New York Oyster Co Nov.

Henry S. Marshall Nov.

Henry S. Marshall Nov.

Henry S. Marshall Nov.

Stubbs & Allen Nov.

Henry Stubbs Nov.

Henry Stubbs Nov.

Timothy T. Mott Nov.

E. H. Mackev, Jr Nov.

E. H. Mackev, Jr Nov.

E. H. Mackey, Jr Nov.

Charles Cowens Nov.

Christian Hoobs Nov.

Weber & Degenhardt Nov.

David B. Colon Dec.

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co Dec.

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co Dec.

Selah T. Clock Dec.

Selah T. Clock Dec.

Selah T. Clock Dec.

Joseph B. Glasier Dec.

F. C. & H. A. Glasier Dec.

F. C. & H. A. Glasier Dec.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

ate

Lease No.

Amount

23, 1913

709

$0 25

23, 1913

714

20 10

23, 1913

717

7 40

23, 1913

726

2 10

23, 1913

727

40

23, 1913

1,164

135 40

23, 1913

1.165

13 20

23, 1913

1,166

334 00

23, 1913

1,321

64 00

23, 1913

1,384

17 20

23, 1913

1,421

200 00

23, 1913

1,430

126 80

23, 1913

1,436

88 40

23, 1913

1,437

25 60

23, 1913

1,438

203 60

24, 1913

1,356

1 20

25, 1913

553

3 52

25, 1913

588

7 25

25, 1913

1,360

3 20

25, 1913

1,362

1 20

27, 1913

589

6 30

27, 1913

552

6 25

31, 1913

557

1 45

31, 1913

702

5 50

31, 1913

704

1 45

1, 1913

1,411

100 00

1, 1913

1,331

266 40

1, 1913

1,332

150 00

3, 1913

1,084

39 60

7, 1913

1,329

120 00

7, 1913

1,425

94 00

7, 1913

1,468

7 40

11, 1913

728

75

11, 1913

730

75

11, 1913

1,448

4 40

11, 1913

553

4 20

11, 1913

553

6 25

11, 1913

554

2 00

11,1913

1,355

2 40

18, 1913

553

6 75

18, 1913

557

8 50

18, 1913

702

6 30

18, 1913

553

3 95

22, 1913

1,075

7 20

29, 1913

1,364

44 00

8, 1913

689

2 40

10, 1913

1,412

25 00

10. 1913

1,413

50 00

15, 1913

1,418

400 00

15, 1913

1,419

600 00

15, 1913

1,420

600 00

27, 1913

746

45

27, 1913

753

55

27, 1913

754

4 15

7, 1914

628

2 35

7, 1914

732

6 45

7, 1914

633

13 50

7, 1914

634

7 60

7, 1914

635

60 60

Conservation Commission

267

Rents Due and Collected for Current Year — (Continued)

Name D

John M. Beimer Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

John M. Benner Jan.

Standard Oyster Co » Jan.

Standard Oyster Co Jan.

Standard Oyster Co Jan.

Standard Oyster Co Jan.

W. H. Lockwood Jan.

W. H. Lockwood Jan.

W. H. Lockwood Jan.

Fred. Denz Jan.

Greenport Oyster Co Feb.

Loundes, Mills & Ockers Feb.

Loundes & Mills Feb.

Loundes & Mills Feb.

Loundes & Mills Feb.

Loundes, Mills & Thorne Feb.

Loundes, Mills & Thorne Feb.

Loundes, Mills & Thorne Feb.

Loundes, Mills & Thorne ■ Feb.

Wm. J. Mills Feb.

Wm. J. Mills Feb.

Wm. J. Mills Feb.

Wm. J. Mills Feb.

Rudolph Merrell Feb.

Glenwood Oyster Co Feb.

Glenwood Oyster Co Feb.

Glenwood Oyster Co Feb.

Merrell & Bayles Feb.

Merrell & Bayles Feb.

Mills & Ronik Mar.

Wm. J. Mills Mar.

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Oyster System Mar.

Sealshipt Osyter System Mar.

Lewis Bros Mar.

Lewis Bros Mar.

Geo. H. Valentine Mar.

Bell, Fordham & Bell Mar.

Wm. Ruddock April

R. R. Mott April

Thomas Hassett, Jr April

Stephen Collins June

ate

Lease No.

Amount

7, 1914

637

S23 85

7

1914

638

16 35

7

1914

639

4 40

7

1914

712

54 05

7

1914

713

29 55

7

1914

720

41 10

7

1914

721

45 00

7

1914

734

19 25

7

1914

1,071

244 40

7

1914

1,094

840 40

7

1914

1,116

300 00

7

1914

1,117

685 20

7

1914

1,414

186 00

7

1914

1,341

10 00

7

1914

1,342

12 60

7

1914

1.343

8 40

7

1914

1,344

8 60

7

1914

543

38 80

7

1914

683

9 00

7

1914

684

9 85

24

1914

1,347

34 40

9

1914

1,473

120 00

9

1914

1,363

2 00

9

1914

553

6 10

9

1914

630

10 15

9

1914

1,429

239 20

9

1914

1,350

21 20

9

1914

1,351

8 00

1914

1,352

44 40

9

1914

1,353

8 80

9

1914

1,109

120 00

9

1914

1,115

40 00

9

1914

1,403

2 00

9

1914

1,406

588 00

9

1914

1,107

216 00

9

1914

647

39 85

9

1914

715

3 95

9

1914

631

7 35

9

1914

1,349

11 20

9

1914

1,366

38 00

4

1914

736

16 25

4

1914

1,348

80 00

16

1914

1,168

71 20

19

1914

546

10 90

19

1914

716

9 10

19

1914

720

63 90

19

1914

736

22 17

19

1914

1,092

7 20

19

1914

1,156

120 00

19

1914

1,110

130 00

19

1914

1,431

85 20

24

1914

741

5 15

24

1914

742

21 05

26

1914

1,334

68 40

26

1914

550

6 40

15

1914

1,157

1 50

24

1914

1,354

2 80

30

1914

1.441

404 80

1

1914

755

3 20

268

FouETH Annual Eeport of the

Rents Due and Collected for Current Year

Name E

Stephen Collins June

Stephen Collins June

John I. Merrell Jiine

Alex. C. Frazer June

Alex. C. Frazer Co June

Alex. C. Frazer Co June

Sofield & Frazer June

Frazer & Houghwout June

Frazer & Houghwout June

W. H. Houghwout June

W. H. Houghwout June

Alex. Frazer Co June

Alex. Frazer Co June

Jas. A. Cochrane June

Jas. A. Cochrane June

AzelF.
Azel F.
AzelF.
John J.
John J.
John J.
John J.
John J.
Azel F.
Azel F.
Azel F.

Merrell June

Merrell June

Merrell June

Ferry July

Ferry July

Ferry July

Ferry July

Ferry , July

Merrell July

Merrell July

Merrell July

Merrell & Bayles July

Merrell & Bayles July

Glenwood Oyster Co July

Glenwood Oysetr Co July

Glenwood Oyster Co July

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Osyter Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Osyter Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

New York Oyster Co Sept.

James A. Cochrane Sept,

EN

T Year — {Continued)

ate

Lease No.

Amount

1, 1914

756

$3 60

1

,1914

757

1 00

2

, 1914

1,434

42 80

6

,1914

649

25

6

1914

1,408

164 40

6

1914

1,435

60 00

6

1914

1,409

208 80

6

1914

1,439

20 00

6

1914

1,444

60 00

6

,1914

1,089

8 40

6

1914

1,333

1 25

6

,1914

1,445

304 20

6

1914

1,446

370 20

8

1914

1,415

433 60

8

1914

1,417

300 00

16

1914

1,082

4 00

16

1914

1,340

182 20

16

1914

1,316

114 00

9

1914

791

12 00

9

1914

792

3 00

9

1914

793

14 55

9

1914

794

2 70

9

1914

795

3 90

23

1914

1,104

134 40

23

1914

1,105

637 60

23

1914

1,106

504 00

23

1914

1,349

11 20

23

1914

1,366

38 00

23

1914

547

39 85

23

1914

631

7 35

23

1914

715

3 95

19

1914

1,322

20 00

19

1914

1,430

29 17

19

1914

1,438

113 23

19

1914

1,442

54 12

19

1914

1,443

61 87

19

1914

1,458

272 30

19

1914

1,460

1 60

19

1914

1,464

5 61

19

1914

1,466

1 89

19

1914

1,467

1 19

19

1914

1,468

99

19

1914

1,469

12 49

19

1914

1,470

1 05

19

1914

1,471

31

19

1914

1,480

49

21

1914

1,416

75 00

$15,560 26

Conservation Commission

269

Rents Collected During the Fiscal Year for Leases that
Fall Due at Irregular Periods Extending to Correspond-
ing Dates in 1914-1915

Schedule " B

Name

Date

New York Oyster Co Nov. 7, 1913

Thomas Hassett, Jr Nov. 7, 1913

New York Oyster Co Nov. 7, 1913

New York Oyster Co Nov. 7, 1913

New York Oyster Co Nov. 7, 1913

New York Oyster Co Nov. 7, 1913

S. Y. Bajles Dec. 18, 1913

New York Oyster Co Dec. 27, 1913

New York Oyster Co Dec. 27, 1913

New York Oyster Co Dec. 27, 1913

New York Oyster Co Dec. 27, 1913

James A. Cochrane Jan. 2, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co Jan. 14, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co Feb. 13, 1914

New York Oyster Co Feb. 13, 1914

New York Oyster Co Feb. 13, 1914

Geo. M. Still, Inc Feb. 25, 1914

Clarence De Hart Feb. 26, 1914

Clarence De Hart Feb. 26, 1914

New York Oyster Co Mar. 24, 1914

New York Oyster Co Mar. 24, 1914

New York Oyster Co Mar. 24, 1914

New York Oyster Co Mar. 24, 1914

E. D. McCarthy April 20, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co May 19, 1914

Pausch Bros. Oyster Co June 13, 1914

Edwin H. Lewis June 16, 1914

Christian WaUe Aug. 12, 1914

New York Oyster Co Aug. 28, 1914

Geo. M. Still, Inc Sept. 11, 1914

Philip W. Russell Sent. 19, 1914

Philip W. Russell Sept. 19, 1914

Lease No. Amount

1,475
1,474
1,469
1,470
1,471
1,472
1,476
1,477
1,478
1,479
1,480
1,416
723
640
1,481
1,485
1,482
1,483
1,484
1,486
1,487
1,488
1,489
1,491
1,450
1,451
641
1,452
696
698
697
1,492
1,449
1,493
1,457
1,431
1,440

$126 60

100 80

93 20

80
40

40

15
00

4
5

9 60
143 40
21 50
162 40
249 20
8 60
150 00

4

29

932

145 40

200 00

300 00

100 00

60 80

25 60

2 40

415 00

2,327 40

92

151

6 25

183 60

37 50

24 55

15 63

52 40

8 40

1,090 00

59 40

33 14

92 04

S7,464 16

60
00

Schedule of Rentals

Schdule A $15,560 26

Schedule B 7,464 16

Total $23,024 42

270

Fourth Annual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected from October 1,
1913, TO September 30, 1914

name

1

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Purity Blue Ovster Co

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Jan.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Fob.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

24. 191."H

Several.
32
32
619
529
527
525
523
533
535
844
693
222
148A
677
461
817
815
808
832
806
816
814
819
274
260
264
268
250
244
272
712
6
96
91
92
590
424
424
686
13
181
231
267
772
394
390
570
417
416
393
43S
388
444
381
447
382
387
418
442
380
379
117
118
469
507
132
94
69

$60 00

19 85

19 85

90

4 03

1 28

1 03

22

1 35

93

75

60

3 70

1 20

50

50

50

1 20

1 10

28

85

75

1 65

1 10

45

75

30

40

38

20

50

35

25

75

80

45

1 80

70

70

1 65

15 30

1 45

1 00

1 70

58

45

1 00

1 25

40

55

40

75

90

43

85

80

60

3 45

75

1 30

20

45

26 50

40
2S

1 22
1 25

45
55

$12 00
3 97
3 97

......

io

10

24

22

06

17.

15

83

22

09

15

06

08

08

04

10

07

05

""36
14
14
33
3 00
29

""09
20
24
08
11
08
15
IS
09
17
16
12
68
15
26
04
09

""25
09

*

Antoinette S. Lamb

Antoinette S. Lamb

24,

24,

28

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1913
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914

(Tax 1912;

$3 59

16

32

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

10
08
08

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell .

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Lillie Merrell

10
08
08
08
30
10
04

Abram Alanee ...

08

Abram Manee

08

Abram Manee

11

Abram Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

AbraTTi & Wm Alanee

10
03
08
07

Abram & Wm. Manse

Abram & Wm. Manee

16
10

Elmer Price. . .-

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price. .

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Mary Johnson

75

Richard '.Johnson

Richard Johnson

M. H. Sickman

Andrew Anderson

Andrew Anderson

tl2

David Decker

F. W. Lewis

Charles Churchill

Geo. Marshall

Geo. Marshall

Marshall & Bedell

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Smith Sprague

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Dou^^hty -.

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Dou<^hty

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Doughty

Sprague & Doughty

Howard Gould

Howard Gould

J. W. Cole

J. W. Cole

Jane Johnson

Geo. H. Johnson

J. E. Still

*1911. t 1912.

Conservation Commission

271

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — {Continued)

J. E. Still
J. E. Still
J. E. Still
J. E. Still
W. J. Hewlett
Wm. Buchanan
Wm. Buchanan
Northport Oyster Co
Major G. Abrams
W. W. Smith
Geo. W. Robinson
Adaline Bedell
Estate, Charles Bedell
Estate, Charles Bedell
Estate, Charles Bedell
Estate, Charles Bedell
Arthur Johnson
Geo. S. Monroe
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. StiU, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still. Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. StiU, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc
Geo. M. Still, Inc

Lars Larsen

Lars Larsen

Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster Sj-stem
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System
Sealshipt Oyster System

Sealshipt Oyster System | Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System | Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System | Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System j Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System \ Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System ' Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System ! Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System < Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System ! Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System | Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

Sealshipt Oyster System I Feb.

272

FouETH Annual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System.
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System.
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System .
Sealshipt Oyster System.

J. C. Wynant

Wm. F. Schmeelk

Peter Miller

Peter Miller

Ludwig Klee

Ludwig Klee

Ludwig Klee

Ludwig Klee

L., &R. L. Ivlee

John F. Quigley

Geo. W. Sanbeg

Geo. W. Sanbeg

J. J. Manee

J. J. Manee

Wilbur Manee

Wilbur Manee

Wilbur Manee

Charles Olson

M. & P. M. Van Name.,

M. & P. M. Van Name. ,

John T. Bird

Emma W. Abrams

Emma W. Abrams

Clarence Lissenden

Polworth & Elsworth . . . ,

Polworth & Elsworth . . . ,

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth

Polworth & Elsworth

Polworth & Elsworth ...

Polworth & Elsworth. . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth. . .

Polworth & Elsworth...

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

Polworth & Elsworth. . .

Polworth & Elsworth. . .

Polworth & Elsworth . . .

New York Oyster Co . . .

New York Oyster Co. . .

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914
5, 1914

5, 1914

6. 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914

Several
Several
88
Several
Several
929
966
688
Several
Several
542

64
209

68
202
327
913
924
765

30
1

16
208

70
554

63
307
8
948
522
658

64
156

76

452

9

12

12i

91
268
267
172
376
245
157
243
247
233
436
611
513
438
235
237
239
251
558
628
462
133
372
657
559
603
931
943
935
971
965
917
915
943
622

S60 00
17 50
32 05

22

18

63

90

10

90

9

10

90

15

00

16

25

70
25
15
50
55
90

10 65

14 55

20

60

95

1 20
10
40

2 15

1 55

2 55
90

3 20
1 05

10

1 00
53
53
58
55

1 65
10

6 15
50
55
25
35
90
07
75
63
75
07
37
58
00
60
60
12
65

1 38
28
50
48
50
45

1 00
63

3 12
55

2 30
13 50

4

2

11

12 55
4 23

SO 12

02
08
42
30
51
18

32
02

10
11

Conservation Commission

273

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

New York Oyster Co

Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.

6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6. 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1014
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6. 1914

505
549
478
932
941
540
942
959
957
958
604
967
968
962
930

1
970
969

3

4

2

987

1003

916

918

1006

926

1009

5

1022

983

975

976

12

13

1
11

8
10

7

467

836

1024

201

1027

1025

9
130
613
623
621
299
617
546
632
619
497
495
496
443
441
148
197
701
655
742
855
648
650
124
432

$0 63
65
70

2 80

1 20

3 35
3 45

2 50
75

23 90

35

16 75

1 85
25

12 45
73 72

2 10
40

16 90

1 65
41 75
25 00
15 85
11 05

3 20
25 45

9 85
11 25
71 00

8 48

2 15
8 00

2 50
93

11 65

15 83

3 05
1 03

53

60

1 03

1 07

1 08

2 65
20 30
31 15

67

1 80

23

97

1 05
95

2 92

1 45
6 17

2 95
85

3 23
1 52

1 10

2 50

16 97
2 50
1 67
1 23

38

4 42

1 40

2 98
45
85

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Ovster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Oyster Co

New York Ovster Co

J. W. Elsworth

Thomas Silk

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J . W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co. . . .

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co . . .

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co . .

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co

274

Fourth Annual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NA?>IE

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .

Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Fab.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.

6, 1913
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1913
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
C, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914

5, 1914

6, 1914
0, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1913
C, 1913
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6. 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914

360
362
786
305
680
501
758
809
810
202
367
505
172
487
692

87
785
556
234
602
631
208
625
633
269
629
273
618
346
559
534
182
532
184
634
636
638
165
194
630
365
373
363
371
369
254
637
842
831
166
249
301
307
788
105
313
293

26
142-A
132
303
393
782
517
811
439
534
215
775

81

80

86

79

63
28
45
30
33
15
78
35
35
15
08
52
50
30
25
68

9 45
50
50
43
38
40
65
50
85
35
70
43

2 93

1 35
78
60
54
70
63
70
32
05
50
43
93
15
00
28
65
78
43

2 05
80

1 48

25

1 90

1 40

45

1
1
7
1

1
1
2
1
3
2

25
52
70
25
52
15
55
85
45
30
20

11 00

52
19
60
32
60
08
33

Conservation Commission

275

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax Penalty

Interest

J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co .
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
J. & J. W. Elsworth Co.
Erastus W. Seaman. ...

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 1. .

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 1.. ,

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 3..

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 3..

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 3..

David Jones

Henry De Hart

Henry De Hart

Henry De Hart

Henry De Hart

Henry De Hart

Henry De Hart

De Hart &; Housman. . .

S. Y. Bayles

S. Y. Bayles

Bayles & Bumstead. . . .

Bayles & Thorne

Bayles & Thorne

Bayles & Thorne

Bayles & Still

Matinecock Oyster Co. .

Matincock Oyster Co . .

Matincock Oyster Co . .

Geo. W. Chauncey

F. F. Downs

F. F. Downs

W. Henry Dickens

W. H. Dickens

Jarvis Hicks

Jarvis Hicks

Fred Wagner

Gustave A. Albright. . .

Gustave A. Albright . . .

Valentine Smith

Valentine Smith

Geo. S. Smith

Wm. Morrison

Wm. Morrison

Wm. Morrison

Bedell & Lang

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Lyman W. Bedell

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Fob.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

6, 1914
6, 19i:}
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1913

6, 1914

7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1913
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
7, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1913
9, 1914

9, 1913
9, 1914
0, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914
9, 1914

455

285
84
85
295
673
169
111
82
297
639
667
672
755
643
600
729
83
787
647
730
641
575
364
785
178
45
49
14
13
18
17
1
429
427
419
421
866
335
105
1026
Several
95
121
321
1000
114
81
73
Several
Several
Several
61
213
629
630
431
395
399
365
362
397
551
159
34.5-.
114
115
205
221
206
223
219
213

23
45
95
35
40
45
40
95
33
02
45
85
28
40
70
95
40
70
50
18
60
05
40
25
40
1 08
90
1 00
1 00
75
1 05
95
1 95
9 70

00

03

1 78

3 15

33

7 25

17 93

45 05

15 70

10 95
7 15

12 50
6 05
9 60
50 00
25 00
15 00

11 75

95
25
10
30
88
50
35
50
90
20
30
40
85
63
10
88
20
20
90
75
40

18
20

39
94
80
81
35
63
07

17

06
28
16

276

Fourth Annual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected' — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Lyman W. Bedell

Benjamin Merritt

Benjamin Merritt

Benjamin Merritt

Benjamin Merritt

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Ferdinand Moeller

Henry Stubbs

Henry Stubbs

Stubbs & Allen

Harry C. Johnson

Harry C. Johnson

Harry C. Johnson

Harry C. Johnson

Geo. W. Doughty

Geo. W. Doughty

Geo. W. Doughty

Geo. W. Doughty

Geo. W. Doughty

H. L. C. Wenk

H. L. C. Wenk

H. L. C. Wenk

H. Fletcher Fordham

H. Fletcher Fordham

J. W. C. Engelbrecht

J. W. C. Englebrecht

J. W. C. Engelbrecht

Henderson Journeay

Henderson Journeay

Steinmeir & Fisher

Steinmeir & Fisher

Richard Biggs, Sr

Jacob Frederick

David Joline

David Joline

David Joline

A. S. Joline

A. S. Joline

A. S. Joline

A. S. JoUne

A. S. Johne

A. S. Joline

A. S. Johne

B. Joline Heirs

Frank Johne

S. C, D. A. & M. L, Joline.

Joline Bros

Joline Bros

E. P. Manee

Charles Zorn

G. J. Jennings

LiUie Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomos S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

Thomas S. Merrell

John Frederick

Hiram Cadmus

J. E. Watts

Elizabeth Watts

Albert Geffken

Albert Geffken

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb,

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb,

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10,
10.
10
10,
10
10
10
10
10,
10
10
10
10,
10
10
10
10,
10
10
10,
10
10
10.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10,
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.
10.
10,
10
10
10,
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10,
10,
10,
10
10,

, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 191.3
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914

22.5
301
302
303
325-A

87

86

72

530

297

296

6

94

93-A

93F
620
439
361
431
386
415
443
383
377
567
568
569

74

73
599
589
591
595
597
348
342
627
566
9
330
292

59
675
745

58
340
342
435
290
300
857

60
343

63
308
128-A
677
527
525
523
533
535
844
693
222
148
529
458
462
460
456
557
2

$0 40
20
25
35
33
50
45
60
85
50
60
65
2 00
6 25

4 20
40
75
50
50
45
10
20
25
50
40
50
80

17 25
17 25

1 15
93
60
38
67

2 40
1 25

80

5 55
33
90

1 23
1 03

1 30

2 50

2 85
40

1 58

1 33

75

1 03

45

1 20

1 02

1 38

50

60

50

1 28

1 03

23

1 35

93

75

60

3 70
1 20

4 03
1 90
1 35
1 30
1 70

20
25

04
05
07
06
10
09
12
17
10
12
13

08
15
10
10
09
22
24
24
10

16

04
05

Conservation Commission

277

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax Penalty

Interest

Josephine Geffken. .
Josephine Geffken . .

Edward Dooley

F. C. Decker

F. C. Decker

F. C. Decker

J. E. Noe

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

Elmer T. Butler

D. O. Noe & Son...
D. O. Noe & Son . . .
D. O. Noe & Son . . .
D. O .Noe & Son . . .
D. O. Noe & Son. ..
D. O. Noe & Son . . .
D. O. Noe & Son . . .
D. O. Noe & Son . . .
D. O. Noe & Son. . .

Henry Warren

Josiah Thompson. . .
Josiah Thompson. . .
Josiah Thompson. . .
Josiah Thompson . . .
August G. Miller. . .
Abram Latourette. .

Nelson Jacklin

Nelson Jacklin

Nelson JackUn

Nelson Jacklin

Nelson Jacklin

Nelson Jacklin

W. D. Bush

W. D. Bush

B. F. & H. E. Bush.
B. F. &H. E. Bush.
B. F. & H. E. Bush.
B. F. & H. E. Bush.

B. F. & H. E. Bush.

W. B. Dooley

W. B. Dooley

Wm. P. Burbank. . .
Elbert H. Mackey. .
Elbert H. Mackey. .

John H. Price

John H. Price

Elizabeth Denice. . .
Elizabeth Denice . . .

C. V. Decker

C. V. Decker

C. V. Decker

C. V. Decker

C. V. Decker

C. V. Decker

Geo. Rhinehart

J. G.H. Bedell

Amberman & Bedell

Geo. Newbury

John D. Bush

Wm. Oelrichs

Wm. Oelrichs

Wm. Oelrichs

Annie Oelrichs

Henry Schlatenberg.

H. W. Rohde

H. W. Rohde

H. W. Rohde

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

10

10,

10

10

10

10,

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10,

10,

10,

10

10

10

10,

10

10,

10

10

10,

11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13

1914

4

$0 35

1914

5

38

1914

459

1 65

1914

127

63

1914

128

70

1914

567

1 00

1914

33

23

1914

713

50

1914

78

6 80

1914

31

15

1914

392

5 13

1914

553

57

1914

388

60

1914

283

55

1914

871

65

1914

839

1 05

1914

27

35

1914

32

17

1914

43

75

1914

151

17

1914

150

18

1914

23

20

1914

503

2 03

1914

805

2 40

1914

5

1 42

1914

544

2 35

1914

91-A. &C.

4 55

1914

122

1 10

1914

123

35

1914

323

1 30

1914

327

53

1914

433

3 25

1914

774

35

1914

790

25

1914

556

50

1914

546

98

1914

838

50

1914

192

25

1914

11

65

1914

457

92

1914

481

11 75

1914

456

40

1914

468

1 33

1914

467

1 04

1914

861

6 30

1914

457

50

1914

462

1 GO

1914

50 J

98

1914

93

6 75

1914

90

8 50

1914

196

27

1914

198

50

1914

258

1 35

1914

259

90

1914

50

30

1914

444

1 58

1914

851

1 95

1914

853

1 80

1914

870

90

1914

876

9 60

1914

432

2 30

1914

455

1 35

1914

505

1 55

1914

635

30

1914

95

30

1914

67

95

1914

65

50

1914

302

2 65

1914

66

1 30

1914

238

1 00

1914

75

1 00

1914

74

80

1914

230

1 45

$0 07
09

13
14
20

11

19

27
18
06
32
39
36
18
92

27
31
06

20
20
16
29

278

FouKTH Annual Eepokt of the

Taxes, Penalty and Inteeest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Geo. A. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Geo. A. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Geo. A. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Herman M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Herman M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Herman M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Herman M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Herman M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Timothy T. Mott Feb. 16, 1914

H. E. Mackey Feb. 16, 1914

Wm. M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Wm. M. Schmeelk Feb. 16, 1914

Geo. Dickens Feb. 16, 1914

Cornell & Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Chas. E. Palmer «fe Son Feb. 16, 1914

Chas. E. Palmer & Son Feb. 16, 1914

Chas. E. Palmer & Son Feb. 16, 1914

C. E., C. F. & H. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Elmer I. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Elmer I. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Elmer I. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Elmer I. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Elmer I. Palmer Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thomp.son Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thom-pson Feb. 16, 1914

Androvette & Thompson Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

E. Otis Hovey Feb. 16, 1914

Wm. C. Baldwin Feb. 16, 1914

A. W. Sharrett Feb. 16, 1914

A. W. Sharrett Feb. 16, 1914

A. W. Sharrett Feb. 16, 1914

A. W. Sharrett Feb. 16, 1914

Geo. A. Carman Feb. 16, 1914

Geo. A. Carman Feb. 16, 1914

W. H. Dickens Feb. 16, 1914

J. E. La Forge Feb. 16, 1914

J. E. La Forge Feb. 16, 1914

Jacob Bumstead Feb. 16. 1914

John M. Sleight Feb. 17, 1914

John M. Sleight Feb. 17, 1914

L. G. Griffing Feb. 17, 1914

D. B. Colon Feb. 17, 1914

D. B. Colon Feb. 17, 1914

W R. Schenck Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

Peter Wm. Von Ahnen Feb. 17, 1914

The Modern Oyster Co Feb. 18, 1914

A. L. Fields Feb. 18, 1914

A. L. Fields Feb. 18, 1914

Henry Cornell Feb. 18, 1914

Warren Cornell ' Feb. IS, 1914

Warren Cornell Feb. 18, 1914

Warren Cornell [ Feb. 18, 1914

John C. Allen Feb. l^. 1914

210
281
103
411
412
468
509
541
7

93-L

15
316

43
369
Several
Several
671
859
973
953
897
896
Section D
392
148
339
337
568
236
789
807
570
980
979
900
600
587
617
198
327
301
618
199
488
506
687
656
118
218
250
358
366

66
129
125

13
418J
950
501
500
204

32
205

41

304

Several

70

30
409
453
449
372
123

$2 70
55
55

7 45
3 45

1 35
20 20

6 70
30

3 53
80

2 20
80

3 00
62 50

14 50
1 23

16 20

8 00

1 15
8 22
3 75

15 63

2 75
90

2 07

1 00
53

7 98

2 55
65
65

5 SO
5 00
2 25

10 70
2 75
1 40

10 40
75

70
25
35
12

24
90

3 30
85

1 05
70
75
53

4 50
28

2 97
20 90

43
1 20
6 45
60
25
65
05
60
S5

2
2
1
2

21 50
2 95

1 10

1 10

2 15
50

1 25
1 45

SO

06

16

44

27

17
21
14
15

11

9!)

4 30
58
22
22

CONSEKVATION COMMISSION

279

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

John C. Allen

Feb. 18, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feg. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 19, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20. 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 20, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb .21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 21, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914

90

22

23

806

814

816

819

832

461

808

815

817

17

143

346

345

503

749

753

751

288

380

386

696

862

382

890

162

42

24

40

29

28

178

522

607

185

633

384

3-6-7

8

15

368

465

183

44

10

47

619

36

37

35

103

Several

Several

653

761

764

1,016

140

170

34

28

522

536

556

526

523

110

171

469

190

154

$1 45

1 00
65
85

1'65
75

1 10
28
50

1 10

1 20
50
55

1 00
85

1 40
90
48
35
25

3 85

3 00
1 33

4 97

6 15
4 20

4 95
1 10

30
45
1 20
65
65
60

1 25

2 50

3 00
1 45
1 88
1 88

63

63

1 15

90

80

50

1 10

1 45

90

27 60

24 50

34 75

7 45
1 88
1 25
1 97

75
75
55

6 75

1 10
17
15

6 40
35

3 80

5 00
35

1 30

60

3 00

5 65

40

so'ie

32
14
22
05
10
22
24
10
11

"■"09
07
05
77
60
27
99
1 23
84
99
22

"■"'24
13
13
12

""""ie

10
22
28

""■"38
25

James H. McCrodden

Clara McCrodden

Abram Manee

Abrara Manee

Abram Manee

Abram Manee

Abram Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

Abram & Wm. Manee

Jesse V. Golden

Daniel Rowland

Daniel Rowland

Daniel Rowland

Daniel Rowland

Charles B. Sprague

Charles B. Sprague

Geo. E. Sprague

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Daniel Burbank

Victor White

Wm. P. Housman

Wm. P. Housman

Annie Von Ahncn

E. E. Abrams

E. E. Abrams

Herbert Androvetto

J. H. & J. H. (Jr.) Vreeland

J. H. & J. H. (Jr.) Vreeland

J. H. & J. H. (Jr.) Vreeland

J. H. & J. H. rjr.) Vreeland

Haviland & Odell

Haviland & Od -l! .

Haviland & Odell

Haviland <& Odell

Haviland & Odell

Haviland & Odell

Edward Weber

Edward Weber

Edward Weber

Edward Weber

Christian Hoobs

Frank Rogers

Frank Rogers

/ • •

Frank Rogers

Frank Rogers

F. K. Conant

F. K. Conant

Henry S. Marshall

-

Henry S. Marshall

Henry S. Marshall

Henrv S. Marshall

Julia Sofield

Julia Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

C. S. Sofield

Ella Sofield

Sofield & FTazer

280

Fourth Annual Eepoet of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

1
Penalty

Interest

Sofield & Frazer

Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb, 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 24, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914

156

169

168

995

21

939

1,012

176

218

783

504

1,007

1,010

994

1,005

1,011

491

486

512

694

899

978

329

323

325

319

333

843

321

331

327

412

779

408

781

460

474

475

476

352

232

477

478

446

833

524

258

504

1,004

1,014

6

919

12

13

Several

Several

Several

Several

108

107

127

315

977

1,019

1,018

1,020

347

353

989

801

669

874

875

$0 20
80
80

26 10
18
13

46 28
3 70

1 75
10 00

2 38

2 50
7 50

20 65

7 50
38 03

38
1 55

63

10 55

1 05

1 25

3 63
3 45

2 00
1 25

37
1 15

80
1 30
1 25

63
6 60
1 25

10 70
60

1 13
1 88
1 28
1 08

3 00
3 13
3 30

13

1 30

2 15

3 45

2 37

5 35

3 63
1 13

3 60
53 30

17 10
16 75
37 50
15 63
24 55
29 15

6 25

4 40

8 90
36 00

11 58

18 87
22 95

1 48
45

2 55
90
64
35
90

Sofield & Frazer

Sofield & Frazer

Sofield & Frazer

Alex, C. Frazer ;

Alex. C. Frazer

Alex. C. Frazer

Frazer & Houghwout

Frazer & Houghwout

Frazer & Houghwout

Frazer & Houghwout

Frazer & Hough v/out

Frazer & Houghwout

Alex. Frazer Co

Alex. Frazer Co

* *

Alex. Frazer Co

G. P. Wright & Son

W. H. Houghwout

W. H. Houghwout

W. H. Houghwout

W. H. Houghwout

W H. Houghwout

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C, Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm, C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

Wm. C. Forth

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

John I. Merrell

Pausch Bros, Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros, Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Pausch Bros. Co

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Forrester & Hoag

Conservation Commission

281

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

!

1

Interest

Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 2.5, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 25, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914
Feb. 26, 1914

875
361
359
515
517
355
286
605
153
152
308
133
215
191
175
189
177
181
682
496
148
769
777
20
17
10
14
149
145
5
7
4
6
186
226
240
654
216
172
256
73
53
483
492
499
74
41
40
856
174
147
492
676
Section B
252
479
860
238
902
903
904
905
925
945
920
944
927
3
75
76
77
78
99 1

$0 20
40

1 05
30
65
63
43

2 20
55
80

1 90
95
70
13
38
30
40

1 25
20

1 55

1 05
42
47
92
23
25
38

2 00

3 65
42 80
58 80
25 33
36 60

1 28

4 50
80

2 05

3 15
2 33

6 32
95

1 70

60

1 48

1 45

1 65

13

10

1 45

4 60
9 40

2 45
41 75
62 50

5 00
2 15
2 80

7 35
1 25
1 58
1 05
1 08

95

9 85

1 80

9 00

38 80

43 38

26 15

26 05

26 00

26 00

26 00

'$6'i.3
09
44

■■38
19
14

""'6<S
09

18

Geo. E. Forrester

Geo. E. Forrester

Geo. E. Forrester

C. 0. Sprague

Charles E. Denton

1

Charles E. Denton

Carl Peers

Carl Peers

Carl Peers

Elsworth B. Lewis

Elsworth B. Lewis

Elsworth B. Lewis

Elsworth B. Lewis

Elsworth B. Lewis

Elsworth B. Lewis

Geo. H. Sharrett

Bertha Sharrett

Abram Woglam

Abram Woglam

Geo. T. Woglam

T. F. & S. DeHart

T. F. & S. De Hart

T. F. &S. DeHart

T. F. & S. De Hart

T. F. & S. De Hart

Radel Oyster Co

Radel Oyster Co

Radel Oyster Co

Radel Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co ,

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oj'ster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Standard Oyster Co

Wm. H. Lockwood

Wm. H. Lockwood

Wm. H. Lockwood

Wm. H. Lockwood

Wm. H. Lockwood

Wm. H. Lockwood

Andrew Radel

Andrew Radel

-Andrew Radel

Andrew Radel

Andrew Radel

282

Fourth Annual Report of tue

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Andrew Radel

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.
'Feb.
IFeb.

Feb.

Feb.

26 1914

98

8

50

46

45

44

47

51

49

43

48

42

2

67

68

55

238

112

115

119

116

111

110

125

124

113

Several

Several

83

69

72

Several

Several

Several

996

1,015

1,013

998

988

991

238

230

734

25

666

670

104

85

87

86

Several

Several

Several

Several

Several

Several

16

480

984

985

Several

Several

14

Several

Section C

Several

16

17

Several

Several

Several

Several

Several

$26 00
18 83
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20
2 20

John M. Benner

26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27

1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

2 20 1

16 80

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

3 07
7 05
3 50

3 75
7 60

23 85

4 40

16 35

13 50
6 45

64 05

29 55
60 60
41 10
45 00
19 25

2 35

30 55
105 00

37 50

85 65

23 25

55 00

25 40

25 00

37 50

37 50

90

50

38

23

35

1 18

6 30
12 80
15 15
27 30

4 05
22 23

7 50
7 60

10 00

10 00

5 25
1 15

37 50
25 00
22 50
30 00
43 05
15 00

11 70
32 50

14 00
48 40

17 50

15 00
30 00
27 50
30 00

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner . .

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

John M. Benner

Chas. V. Leviness '

C. M. Decker

C. C. & C. M. Decker

C. C. & C. M. Decker

C. C. & C. M. Decker

Lucius C. Jones

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co ....

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

N. S. Ackerly & Son Co

Benj. W. Carll

Benj. W. Carll

N. S. Ackerly

N. S. Ackerly

S. Le Roy Ackerly. . .

S. Le Roy Ackerly

H. Davis Ackerly. . . . . . .

H. Davis Ackerly

Jos. M. Belford

Jos. M. Belford

Jos. M. Belford

John M. Vanderveer

John M. Vanderveer

Co.\si:k\atio.\ Commission

283

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Jos. Kerrigan

Christian Walle

Christian Walle

Christian Walle

Christian Walle

Christian Walle

Christian Walle

La Forge & Thompson. .

Wesley Thompson

Wesley Thompson

Wesley Thompson

Wesley Thompson

David Johnson

David Johnson

David Johnson

David Johnson

N. Y. Fishing Club

W. Elsworth Sprague

W. Elsworth Sprague ....
W. Elsworth Sprague ....

Wofield & Mesereau

Wofield & Mesereau

Wofield & Mesereau

Wofield & Mesereau. . . .

Wofield & Mesereau

Wofield & Mesereau

Theodore Johnson

Theodore Johnson

Theodore Johnson

Theodore Johnson

Theodore Johnson

John D. Merrell

Jones & Burbank

Jones & Burbank

Jones & Burbank

Jones & Burbank

Geo. S. Burbank

Mills & Ronik

Wm. J. Mills

Wm. J. Mills

Wm. J. Mills

Wm. J. Mills

Wm. J. Mills

Wm. J. Mills

Loundes, Mills & Ockers.

Loundes & Mills

Loundes & Mills

Loundes & Mills

Loundes, Mills & Thome
Loundes, Mills & Thorne
Loundes, Mills & Thorne
Loundes, Mills & Thorne
Greenport Oyster Co. . . .

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Feb.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914

15
279
394
679
626
396
1.001
422i
126

42
640
776
167
262
606
608

67
405
406
470
100
582
101
195
285
102
731

35
426

38

39

869

502

500

510

685

858

Several

314

Several

4

321

Several

8

15

93
106

79

16
2
1

18
Several
430
278
428
159
494
118
434
266
485
437
508
3
160
195
161
193
282
270
280
276

1

1

$49 45
55
55
18
38
28
05
73

1 45
93
52

1 15
60
45
55
65

1 33

2 30

1 80
8 30

50
90
70
50
70
35
23
20
18
13
15
45

3 60
10 00

83

4 90
3 00

16 25

5 00
15 00

25

10 00

73 50

15

25

6 10
10 15
29 90

2 65
1 00
1 10
5 55

15 00
85

23
48
08
28
30
33
75
55
73
50
28
78
13
70
98
38
20
00
70

$0 15
29
18
10
23

27

46

36

1 66

3 00

284

Fourth Annual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Azel F. Merrell

Merrell & Bayles

Merrell & Bayles

Merrell & Burbank . . .
Merrell & Burbank. . .

Roscoe Bishop

R. C. Du Boise

Alfred Du Boise

Alfred Du Boise

J. & B. K. Simonson. .
J. & B. K. Simsonson.

Wm. Joline

Sterling Oyster Co ... .
Sterling Oyster Co ... .

Aimer Decker

Aimer Decker

Aimer Decker

Aimer Decker

J. & B. K. Simonson. .
J. & B. K. Simonson. .
Geo. H. Valentine . . . .
Bell, Fordham & Bell .
Bell, Fordham & BeU .

Floyd Abrams

Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Abram Martineau. . . .
Weber & Degenhardt.

Thomas L. Jobes

Thomas L. Jobes

Thomas L. Jobes

Thomas L. Jobes

Thomas L. Jobes

Thomas L. Jobes

R. C. Du Boise

John Marshall

John Marshall

John Marshall

John Marshall

John Marshall

John Marshall

John Marshall

Mesereau & Lewis . . . .

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

April

April

April

April

April

April

April

April

April

4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914
4, 1914

4, 1914

5, 1914

6, 1914
6, 1914
6, 1914

11, 1914

11, 1914

12, 1914
18, 1914
18, 1914
25, 1914
25, 1914
25, 1914
25, 1914
25, 1914

25, 1914

26, 1914
26, 1914
26, 1914
28, 1914
30, 1914
30, 1914
30, 1914
30, 1914
30, 1914
30, 1914

30, 1914

31, 1914
31, 1914
31, 1914
31, 1914
31, 1914
31, 1914
31, 1914

1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
1, 1914
3, 1914

674
162
484
743
168
170
863
864
877
126
312
313
974
20
19
3
9
146
200
391
392
535
488
316
982
1,017
993
3
5
933
928
9
71
72
415
51
49
70
Several
Several
18
52
724
725
51
49
981
89
89
398
8
385
228
377
506
230
865
317
579
573
581
548
550
840
71
649
651
661
671
744
746
750
669

$0 70

4 38

85

15

1 65

1 50

4 70

6 35

1 55

8 40

39 85

31 50

25

1 35
70
95

2 35
1 05
1 80

50

40

1 05

1 70

14 25

11 45

18 43

22 35

1
4
11
6
9

40
75
10
25
67

1 55
73
58
35
45

2 63
52 50

8 55
13
20
80
95
35
45

2 85

3 20
3 20

30
30
1 05
25
00
24
70
75
50
35
30
53
88
33
40

95
90
47
1 24
1 00
30
70
63

$1 93

03
04
16
19

57
64
64

1 10

31
19
18
09
24
20
06
14
12

♦Tax ri912^. tTax (1913).

Conservation Commission

285

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — (Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

W. John McGrory

Geo. H. Mott.*.

Geo. H. Mott

Geo. H. Mott

Geo. H. Mott

Geo. H. Mott

Chas. Cowens

Lewis Bros

Lewis Bros

Wm. M. Remsen

Thomas Hassett, Jr

Thomas Hassett, Jr

F. C. &H. A. Glasier

F. C. &H. A. Glasier

E. M. Gunn

Henry Borwegen

Henry Borwepen

Henry Borwegen

W. A. Wynant

R. W. La Forge

R. W. La Forge

R. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

W. W. La Forge

R. W. & W. W. La Forge

Charles L. Pearsall

Charles L. Pearsall

W. D. Ruddock

Jacob Brady

A. H. Haack

A. H. Haack

A. H. Haack

A. W. Androvette

S. D. Abrams, Jr

S, D. Abrams, Jr

JohnH. Tilley

Henry W. Davis

Henry W. Davis

Henry W. Da\'is

Fred. Liindy

J. H. Sohmeelk, No. 2

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 2

J. H. Schmeelk, No. 2

Theodore Sprague

Theodore Sprague

Webb Sprague

Webb Sprague

Webb Sprague

Stephen Collins

Stephen Collins

Stephen Collins

W. H. Watts

Fred J. Lancaster

Charles Weber

Charles Weber

Charles Weber

R. R. Mott

Wynant Huffmire

Wynant Huffmire

Wynant Huffmire

H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co . . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .

Wansor & Whaley

Alfred Jones

Henry Van Name

Mrs. Charles Zeigler

Mrs. Charles Zeigler

Mrs. Charle.s Zeigler

Thomas F. Colon

*Tnx(1912). t Tax (1911)

April 4
April 1.3
April 1.3
April 1.3
April 13
April 13
April 14
April 14
April 14
A.pril 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14
April 14,
April 14
April 14
April 15
April 16
April 16
April 16
April 16
April 17
April 17
April 17
April 17
April 18
April 18,
April 18,
April 18
April 18
April 18
April 18
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 20
April 23
April 23
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 24
April 27
April 27
April 27
April 27
April 27
April 27
April 27

, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914

285

403

408

424

430

507

Section D

299

300

472

999

1023

246

237

96

310

60

48

266

212

143

961

142

123

592

596

594

872

281

414

421

239

249

108

7

12i

449

435

384

326

343

506

329

252

11

21

632

429

396

425

422

426

255

234

265

445

584

105

10

14

6

355

495

562

624

130

84

92

56

414J

416

422

448

$10 30
10

2 20
60

5 40
85

3 95

5 15
21 05

7 40

50 60

12 60

55

4 15
1 30
4 25

40
70

1 60
38
25
25
88
85
40
97
37
20

1 40
95

3 90

1 50

6 90
1 05

55
45
60
75
65
60
65
40
85
60
90
95
20
80
35
75
70
75
60
80
50
70
90
25
15
40
35
80
75
40
50
60
55
25
40
54
58
73
23

SI 48

07
05
05
17
16
08
19
07
04
28
19
78
30

12
15
13
1 52
53
28
37
52
18
19
04
36
07
15
14
15

14
18
45
03
08
07
36
15
28

90

24

$0 05

10

*69

t24

15

286

Fourth Axnual Report of the

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — {Continued)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

David W. Van Name

David W. Van Name

Suwassett Oyster Co

Suwassett Oyster Co

Suwassett Oyster Co

Suwassett Oyster Co

James A. Cochrane

Charles Gateson

A. C. Sofield

A. C. Sofield

Willett E. Raynor

Willett E. Raynor

Willett E. Raynor

Willett E. Raynor

William Cooley

F. T. Boerum

Alfred Cannon

Grace L. Ryder

Benjamin Ryder

Benjamin Ryder

Benjamin Ryder

Daniel Green

Daniel Green

J. A. Bailey

C. B. Price

C. B. Price

C. B. Price

C. B. Price

J. J. Ferry

J. J. Ferry

J. J. Ferry

J. J. Ferry

J. J. Ferry

O. & M. G. Bartow

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

Sherman Decker

H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co,
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co.

April 27
April 27
April 28
April 28
April 28
April 28
April 28
April 29
April 29
April 29
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
April 30
May 1
May 2
May 2
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May 6
May 6
May 6
May
May
May
May
May
May
May 6
May 6
May 6
May 6
Mav 7
May 6
May 6
Mav 6
May 6
May 6
May 6
May 6

, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
.1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
. 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
,1914
,1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914

55
597
101
100
102

72
986
597

46

24
561
260
257
261
277

27
454
119

97

93
126
798
800
603
710
711
738

48
277
278
279
280
281

10-L
116

22
465
466
668
681
687
778
780
573
581
580
577
273
225
232
276
485

36

37
398

99

62

35
337

76
147
192
107
351
191
532
106

38
109
308
209
142

$1 30
32
41 85
26 00
50 00
24 80
18 75
3 40

SO ^6
06

17

03

20

04

2 00

40

70

14

1 20

24

50

10

1 33

27

63

13

20

04

20

04

45

09

45

09

15

03

15

03

65

13

8 30

1 66

50

13

75

85

4 00

80

1 00

20

4 85

97

90

18

1 30

26

4 38

14

39

13

1 28

1 00

1 10

83

1 50

88

2 53

2 75

1 40

2 85

95

2 20

1 30

1 00

75

5 80

1 35

75

1 20

40

1 30

2 00

1 65

45

3 15

30

1 20

2 00

40

3 50

35

85

1 65

1 60

10

1 25

$0 45

19

Conservation Commission

287

Taxes, Penalty and Interest Collected — {Concluded)

NAME

Date

Lot

Tax

Penalty

Interest

H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co . . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Ovster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co . . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co . . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co . . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .
H. W. Schmeelk Oyster Co. . .

Mattituck Oyster Co

Mattituck Oyster Co

Mattituck Oyster Co

Mattituck Oyster Co .

Mattituck Oyster Co

Mattituck Oyster Co

E. M. Post

E. M. Post

E. M. Post

E. M. Post

John Journeay

M. H. Sickman

M. H. Sickman

Samuel E. Smith

J. F. & S. E. Smith

Thomas Pearsall

Thomas Pearsall t .

Thomas Pearsall

Thomas Pearsall

Thomas Pearsall

Fred Denz

Geo. H. Manee

James A. Cochrane

James A. Cochrane

Geo. Rhinehart

John Wittaker

Wm. J. Campbell

Mary E. Behncke

Henry W. Behncke

John H. Abrams

John H. Abrams

Christian Hoobs

J. Frank Smith

Glenwood Oyster Co

Glenwood Oyster Co

Glenwood Oyster Co

Glenwood Oyster Co

Glenwood Oyster Co

Rudolph Merrell

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Elmer Price

Purity Blue Point Oyster Co.

Henry Von Twistern

Henry Von Twistern

M. T. Merrell

M. T. Merrell

Totals.

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May 23,

May 23,

May 23,

May 23,

June 1,

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June

June 10,

June 10,

June 10,

June 10,

June 10,

June 10,

June 10,

June 11,

June 16,

June 16,

June 16,

June 16

June 16

June 16

June 22

June 22

June 22

June 22

July

July 14

July 14

Sept. 3

Sept. 3

8,

1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
1914
, 1914
1914
1914
, 1914
, 1914
, 1914
1914
1914

328
193
172
176
174
486
78
141
148
493
633
145
489
58
22t)
226
335
623
59
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
526
520
516
514
88
599
599
440
385
549
621
419
448
423
320
542
997
992
432
231
510
167
31
294
295
619
441
Several
120
109
80
609
311
260
250
244
712
Several
555
12
395
397

$1

35
80
80
95
25
70
10
50
80
70
30
30
15
60
05
45
65
25
50

70 00
30 00
15 00

4 35
11 25

5 75

1 00

1 63

1 87

78

63

1 80

1 80

65

75

65

80

85

45

1 15

2 15
33

27 10
12 50

1 10

1 55

1 45

65

95

35

90

25

60 00

3 95

7 35

39 85

3 15

27 00

75

38

20

35

60 00

30

60

1 30

1 20

$7,670 04

SO 20
32
37
15
13
36
36
05
15
13
16
16
09
23

07

46
22
31

19
07

05

15
07
04
07
12 00
06
12
26
24

$123 40

81 10

01

t72
13
10

36
10
02

02

05

06

24

?11 57

*Tax(1911J. tTax (1912).

288

FouETH Annual Report of the

Lobster Licenses Issued during Fiscal Year, October 1,
1913, TO September 30, 1914

Date

NAME

Address

Amount

Jan.
Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

July

26

16

18

9

9

10

10

10

16

16

20

28

31

3

6

10

10

10

10

10

18

18

18

21

23

23

25

25

27

29

30

4

6

7

9

9

9

11

13

13

13

13

13

18

25

25

26

2

2

3

4

10

15

15

16

16

17

18

19

19

19

25

26

27

27

27

30

3

3

3

20

F. D. Buddington

Joseph Perry

Anton De Costa

W. H. Smith

Edgar A. Main

W. B. Chapman

John F. Mather, Jr. . .
John H. Chapman. . . .

Frank Smith

John Smith

Charles R. HiU

Manual Perry

George Denison

Ralph C. Clifford

Manual Lewis

Ira Latham

Allen Ashby

Manuel Huldricks ....

Anton Huldricks

Roawell Lamb

Edgar C. Buddington.
William L. Palmer. . . .

Anton Bawa

Joseph Sistare

Louis B. Waterman. . .
Judson R. Perkins. . . .

S. B. Wilcox

A. E. Noyes

E. D. Woodmansee. . . .

A. V. Morgan

L. E. Peterson

Joseph Paul

F. W. Morgan

Manuel Pont

Frank C. Joseph

O. W. Beebee

Wm. R. Carpenter. . . ,
J. P. Ebbetts

E. F. Davis

Wm. F. Holliday

Manuel Joseph

John Lamb

Joseph Eccelston

Joe Bell

S. C. Fowler

Frank Bragga

Wm. P. Latham

S. M. Coles

W. H. Wilcox

Geo. S. Main

F. N. Ashby

Manuel Perry

Eugene Bogue

Frank E. Perry

John Daball

Wm. Edgar

M. Pont

F. D. Ward

Ira and Chas. Edwards

Chas. Edwards

Chas. H. Mitchell

Joe Pascheo

John Henry

Herman Fisher

Manuel Maderi

Cornelius Fowler

W. H. Corbin

Joseph Silva

R. B. Palmer

James MaoGregor

C. J. Christensen

Noank, Conn

Groton, Conn

Groton, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Groton, Conn

Groton, Conn

Groton, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Groton, Conn

Stonington, Conn..

Mystic, Conn

Mystic, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .
Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .
Stoiungton, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Groton, Conn

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn..

Noank, Conn

New London, Conn

Groton, Conn

Noank, Conn

Mystic, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn..

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .
Stonington, Conn..

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Mystic, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Mystic, Conn

New London, Conn

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

Noank, Conn

New London, Conn

Mystic, Conn

New London, Conn

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .
Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Waterf ord. Conn . . .
Waterford, Conn. . .
West Mystic, Conn.
Stonington, Conn. .
Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

Stonington, Conn. .

Noank, Conn

New Britain, Conn .
New London, Conn

Noank, Conn

Mystic, Conn

Noank, Conn

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
67
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71

$20 00
15 00